Psychology for Non-Majors Exam Review
Course Introduction
Psychology for Non-Majors offers an engaging introduction to the fundamental principles and concepts of psychology, designed specifically for students without a background in the field. The course explores key topics including human development, learning, memory, perception, motivation, emotion, personality, psychological disorders, and social behavior. Emphasis is placed on applying psychological insights to everyday life, enhancing self-awareness, and understanding the behavior of others. Through interactive discussions and practical examples, students gain a broad understanding of how psychological science informs many aspects of human experience and society.
Recommended Textbook
Experience Psychology 3rd Edition by
Laura A. King
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14 Chapters
1836 Verified Questions
1836 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3060
Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of neuroscience as a contemporary approach to psychology?
A)It focuses on natural selection as the method of evolution for any species.
B)It focuses on the unconscious elements of behavior, thought, and emotion.
C)It emphasizes that behavior can only be understood through direct observation.
D)It emphasizes that the brain is central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion.
Answer: D
Q2) The final step in the scientific method of psychology is
A)conducting empirical research.
B)formulating predictions.
C)evaluating conclusions.
D)conducting data analysis.
Answer: C
Q3) _____ is most often regarded the "founding father" of modern psychology.
A)William James
B)Wilhelm Wundt
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Charles Darwin
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior
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132 Verified Questions
132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Melinda suffers from migraine headaches and seizures.In the context of neurotransmitter functioning, which of the following most likely plays a significant role in her symptoms?
A)too little norepinephrine
B)too much glutamate
C)too much acetylcholine
D)too little dopamine
Answer: B
Q2) Your brain has instructed your body muscles to move so that you avoid burning your hand on a hot stove.Which type of nerves carried the information from your brain to your muscles so that you could avoid getting burned?
A)efferent nerves
B)afferent nerves
C)olfactory nerves
D)auditory nerves
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the context of nature of sound, wavelength determines a sound wave's A)frequency.
B)amplitude.
C)decibel level.
D)timbre.
Answer: A
Q2) Looking at a quarter in your hand casts a different image on your retina compared to looking at a quarter across the room, yet we know that the quarter is the same and retains the same dimensions.This phenomenon is known as
A)perceptual constancy.
B)figure-ground.
C)the Ponzo illusion.
D)Gestalt closure.
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following actions involves the application of chemical senses?
A)reading a book
B)listening to music
C)smelling a flower
D)playing basketball
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: States of Consciousness
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most widely used stimulants in the world are _____ and _____.
A)marijuana/cocaine
B)marijuana/valium
C)alcohol/cocaine
D)caffeine/nicotine
Q2) Identify the true statement about automatic processes.
A)They require the highest amount of attention than any other type of processes.
B)They need more conscious effort than controlled processes.
C)They interfere with other ongoing activities.
D)They are considered to be conscious behaviors.
Q3) The divided-consciousness view of hypnosis holds that
A)hypnosis can block sensory input.
B)the hypnotized person behaves the way he or she believes that a hypnotized person should behave.
C)hypnosis involves the retention of a single state of consciousness.
D)hypnosis involves a special state of consciousness in which consciousness is split into separate components.
Q4) Explain the distinction between automatic and controlled processes.
Q5) Explain how circadian rhythms affect physiological and psychological functioning.
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Chapter 5: Learning
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of a fixed-interval schedule in the context of operant conditioning?
A)It reinforces the first behavior after a set amount of time has passed.
B)It produces a high, steady rate of behavior that is more resistant to extinction than the other schedules.
C)It reinforces a behavior after a variable amount of time has elapsed.
D)It reinforces a behavior after a set number of behaviors.
Q2) Which of the following best illustrates positive punishment in operant conditioning?
A)forbidding a child from watching television because he broke a glass
B)forbidding a teenager from leaving the house because he got drunk
C)lecturing and reprimanding a child for being rude to his or her teachers
D)refusing to give his or her favorite toys to a child who refuses to eat
Q3) Taste aversion is an example of
A)immunosuppression.
B)classical conditioning.
C)observational learning.
D)habituation.
Q4) Describe the distinction between primary and secondary reinforcers.Give an example of each.
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Chapter 6: Memory
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Having a better memory for items at the beginning of a list demonstrates the _____, whereas having a better memory for items at the end of a list demonstrates the
A)recency effect/primacy effect
B)primacy effect/recency effect
C)flashbulb memory effect/metamemory effect
D)metamemory effect/flashbulb memory effect
Q2) According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory, which of the following memory systems has a time frame of up to 30 seconds?
A)sensory memory
B)short-term memory
C)long-term memory
D)schemas
Q3) Identify the true statement about intermediate processing.
A)The physical and perceptual features are analyzed predominantly in intermediate processing.
B)In intermediate processing, a stimulus is typically identified and labeled.
C)The semantic, meaningful, symbolic characteristics are used in intermediate processing.
D)In intermediate processing, meaning is assigned to a stimulus.
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Chapter 7: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ may help us to generalize, whereas _____ may help us accomplish a goal.
A)Problem solving/concepts
B)Concepts/problem solving
C)Algorithms/artificial intelligence (AI)
D)Artificial intelligence (AI)/algorithms
Q2) Which of the following is true of babbling?
A)Babbling usually begins between the ages two-three.
B)Deaf babies are unable to babble.
C)It is determined by biological readiness.
D)It is determined by the amount of reinforcement or the ability to hear.
Q3) According to Benjamin Whorf, language determines our A)emotions.
B)thinking.
C)motivation.
D)intuitions.
Q4) If an outcome measure is normally distributed, this means that
A)all scores are around the average score.
B)all scores are below average.
C)most scores are around the average score.
D)the scores are distributed across all points evenly.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Human Development
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Jeffrey Arnett, the transitional period from adolescence to adulthood is described as
A)formal operational stage.
B)late adulthood.
C)emerging adulthood.
D)concrete operational stage.
Q2) A parenting style wherein very few limits or boundaries are set and ample freedom is given to children most likely indicates a(n) _____ parenting style.
A)authoritarian
B)authoritative
C)neglectful
D)permissive
Q3) Parents who use the _____ parenting style give strict rules to their children with little discussion of the reasons for the rules.
A)authoritarian
B)permissive
C)authoritative
D)eclectic
Q4) What role do parents and peers play in adolescent development?
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Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research on the human sexual-response pattern, orgasm lasts for about _____.
A)60 seconds
B)3 to 15 seconds
C)20 to 30 seconds
D)40 to 45 seconds
Q2) A professor conducts an experiment in which she asks her students to either hold a pen between their teeth or hold a pen between their lips.Holding the pen between one's teeth mimicked the facial expression of smiling.After five minutes, she finds that the students who held the pen beneath their teeth reported being happier than those who held it between their lips.These results most likely will support the A)Schacter-Singer theory.
B)two-factor theory of emotion.
C)Cannon-Bard theory.
D)facial feedback hypothesis.
Q3) Explain the optimum arousal theory.
Q4) Identify and rank the five needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Q5) What are the obstacles in the pursuit of happiness?
Q6) Explain the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Personality
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with extraversion?
A)dopamine
B)serotonin
C)acetylcholine
D)GABA
Q2) Which of the following traits is related to generosity and altruism to reports of religious faith and to more satisfying romantic relationships?
A)openness to experience
B)extraversion
C)conscientiousness
D)agreeableness
Q3) _____ are enduring characteristics of our personality._____ are briefer experiences.
A)States/Traits
B)Traits/States
C)Conditions of worth/Archetypes
D)Archetypes/Conditions of worth
Q4) Give a brief explanation of Freud's model of personality, including the id, ego, and superego, as well as the relationship among these components.
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Chapter 11: Social Psychology
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Allison is at a workshop where a presenter is attempting to persuade people to make a rather risky but potentially profitable financial investment.The arguments for investing appeal to logic and reason.After slowly and carefully considering the presenter's arguments, Alison finds that this person's idea sounds compelling and decides to invest.This example best demonstrates the A)peripheral route to persuasion.
B)norm of reciprocity.
C)central route to persuasion.
D)foot-in-the-door technique.
Q2) Behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person through activities such as gossiping and spreading rumors is known as A)relational aggression.
B)institutional aggression.
C)overt aggression.
D)physical aggression.
Q3) Define the concept of deindividuation.What effects can deindividuation have on our behavior? How do psychologists explain the effects of deindividuation?
Q4) Discuss the distinction between altruism and egoism.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders
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132 Verified Questions
132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Catatonia
A)is a state of immobility and unresponsiveness that lasts for long periods of time.
B)means giving personal meaning to completely random events.
C)refers to false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture.
D)refers to sensory experiences that occur in the absence of real stimuli.
Q2) A depressive disorder is classified as a(n) _____ disorder.
A)anxiety
B)mood
C)personality
D)delusional
Q3) Genetic factors are stronger predictors of _____ than of _____.
A)depressive disorders/bipolar disorder
B)bipolar disorder/depressive disorders
C)dysthymic disorders/depressive disorders
D)dysthymic disorders/bipolar disorder
Q4) Describe and give examples of the positive and negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia.
Q5) Write a note on antisocial personality disorder (ASPD).
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Chapter 13: Therapies
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131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a primary goal of humanistic therapists?
A)to change maladaptive behaviors
B)to encourage personal growth
C)to resolve unconscious conflicts
D)to focus on illness rather than self-fulfillment
Q2) Which of the following is true of psychoanalytic techniques?
A)Freud believed that transference was an avoidable aspect of the analyst-patient relationship.
B)Transference is the psychoanalytic term for the client's unconscious defense strategies that prevent the analyst from understanding the person's problems.
C)Resistance is the psychoanalytic term for the client's relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client's life.
D)Freud believed that a person's current problems could be traced to childhood experiences.
Q3) Describe the role of lithium in treating bipolar disorder.
Q4) Describe the most widely used techniques of family therapy.
Q5) Contrast the philosophies of psychoanalytic psychotherapy and humanistic therapies.
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Chapter 14: Health Psychology
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Lazarus, in _____ individuals evaluate their resources and determine how effectively they can be marshaled to cope with the event.
A)initial assessment
B)initial intake
C)primary appraisal
D)secondary appraisal
Q2) An alcoholic who believes that he is just being a typical college student and does not think his drinking is a problem is most likely to be classified as being in the _____ stage of change.
A)determination
B)contemplation
C)precontemplation
D)preparation
Q3) According to the general adaptation syndrome (GAS,) biological damage (e.g., weakened immune system, heart attack, or death) can occur during the
A)exhaustion stage.
B)resistance stage.
C)coping stage.
D)alarm and mobilization stage.
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Page 16