Psychology for Non-Majors Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications of psychology tailored for students from non-psychology disciplines. It covers key topics such as human behavior, motivation, learning, memory, emotion, development, personality, and social interactions. Emphasizing practical relevance, the course encourages students to apply psychological principles in everyday life and diverse professional contexts. Through interactive discussions, case studies, and real-world examples, students will develop a deeper understanding of themselves and others, fostering skills in critical thinking and effective communication. No prior background in psychology is required.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Psychology 11th Edition by James W. Kalat
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4396 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: What Is Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) A light that is actually twice as bright appears to us to be less than twice as bright.That observation led early psychologists to which of the following discoveries?
A)Structuralism
B)The psychophysical function
C)Humanistic psychology
D)The phenomenon of binocular rivalry
Answer: B
Q2) Typically,what education does a clinical social worker have?
A)A master's degree
B)PhD
C)PsyD
D)MD
Answer: A
Q3) Why do so few statements apply to the behavior of all people,all the time?
A)Human behavior does not follow principles of cause and effect.
B)So far, psychologists have not conducted much scientific research.
C)Behavior varies depending on a huge variety of influences.
D)None of the research on animals applies in any way to people.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Scientific Methods in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Clever Hans was a horse that at first appeared to have what surprising ability?
A)Language comprehension
B)Mind reading
C)Mathematical calculation
D)Disappearance
Answer: C
Q2) Why is it sometimes important for an experiment to use a blind observer?
A)To minimize the effect of experimenter bias
B)To avoid the need for informed consent
C)To combine the results of the experiment with a correlational study
D)To minimize the effect of an independent variable
Answer: A
Q3) How does a researcher reduce the effects of demand characteristics?
A)Discard data from anyone whose results are far from the mean.
B)Conceal the purpose of the experiment from the participants.
C)Allow participants to decide whether to be in the experimental or control group.
D)Keep informing the participants how well they are doing while the study is in progress.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: A: Scientific Methods in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Every experiment has at least one independent variable.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Consider the following set of scores on a quiz: 70,100,85,70,75.The mean for this set of scores is 75.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Most dictionary definitions are operational definitions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Random assignment is an important procedure in both experiments and correlational research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) A definition that states how to measure something is a(n)__________ definition. Answer: operational
Page 5
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Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The parietal lobe of the cortex is specialized for perceiving which of these?
A)Speed and direction of a seen object
B)Touch, pain, and awareness of body location
C)Sounds and rhythms
D)Faces and facial expressions
Q2) Mirror neurons are active in which circumstances?
A)When you do something and then wish you hadn't
B)When you do something and forget that you did it
C)When you do something and see someone else do the same thing
D)When you do something and then do the opposite action
Q3) What are the effects of MDMA ("ecstasy")?
A)Reduced pain at low doses and increased pain at high doses.
B)Depressant effects at low doses and stimulant effects at high doses.
C)Stimulant effects at low doses and hallucinogenic effects at high doses.
D)Antisocial effects at low doses and prosocial effects at high doses.
Q4) Which brain area is most responsible for movements that require aim or timing?
A)Hypothalamus
B)Hippocampus
C)Amygdala
D)Cerebellum
Page 6
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Chapter 3: A: Biological Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Low to moderate doses of amphetamine improve attention.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Each behavior depends on a single gene.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Chemicals released by an organ and conveyed by the blood to influence other organs are known as _________.
Q4) Cocaine and amphetamine affect behavior by attaching to hormone receptors.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Alcohol facilitates activity at _______ synapses.
Q6) Neurons that are active both when you make a movement and when you watch someone else make a similar movement are known as_______neurons.
Q7) The central nervous system consists of the brain and the _______.
Q8) Ordinarily,people use only about 10 percent of their brain.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following does the retinex theory explain?
A)Certain people can perceive finer distinctions of color than other people can.
B)Changing the surrounding color changes the apparent color of an object.
C)After staring at a red object for a minute and then looking away, we see green.
D)We often remember colors as being brighter than they actually were.
Q2) What structure changes its shape to focus our vision on objects at various distances?
A)Pupil
B)Fovea
C)Lens
D)Iris
Q3) What is a "top-down" approach to visual perception?
A)First focusing on the details and then putting them together
B)Starting with brain activity and proceeding to the muscles
C)Applying expectations to guide interpretation of vision
D)Asking the leader of each group of people to decide what the others will view
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Chapter 4: A: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) A subliminal message to buy popcorn increases people's likelihood of buying it.
A)True
B)False
Q2) It is possible to perceive many aspects of depth with just one eye.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The theory that we perceive color by comparing responses from three types of receptors is known as the ____________ theory.
Q4) Define and differentiate trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory.Which theory most easily explains negative color afterimages?
Q5) We hear the pitch of low-frequency sounds by a different mechanism from the one we use for high-frequency sounds.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe differences between vision in the fovea and vision in the periphery of the eye.
Q7) In the human auditory system,the ability to hear high-frequency sounds (above 4000 Hz)depends on the ________ principle.
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Chapter 5: Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Erikson,which of these is a major concern of adolescents?
A)The concern of "basic trust versus mistrust"
B)The identity crisis
C)The midlife transition
D)The concern of "generativity versus stagnation"
Q2) Infants show object permanence if the investigator measures which of the following?
A)How long infants stare at an apparently impossible event
B)Where infants hold their hands after seeing a toy covered or hidden
C)How often the infant looks back and forth between the mother and the experimenter
D)What sounds the infant makes after seeing a toy covered or hidden
Q3) Evidence suggests that which of these prompts people to develop a "collectivist" culture?
A)A prolonged period of peace
B)High vulnerability to communicable diseases
C)A history of rice farming
D)Sexual jealousy
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Chapter 5: A: Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Even month-old infants notice the difference between the sounds "ba" and "pa."
A)True
B)False
Q2) Piaget emphasized that children move gradually from one stage to another,and frequently fluctuate among stages.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A child sees someone hide a small toy in a tiny room.Now the task is to find the larger toy in the full-sized room.Young children might or might not find it,depending on how someone words the instructions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If a young developing neuron gets too little excitation,it self-destructs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) According to Erik Erikson,someone who has problems at one stage of development will probably continue to have difficulties at later ages.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Classical conditioning has been offered as an explanation for which of the following?
A)Absolute pitch
B)Synesthesia
C)Drug tolerance
D)Bird migration
Q2) According to Pavlov,which of the following is essential for classical conditioning?
A)The learner must understand the relationship between the CS and UCS.
B)The CS and UCS must occur at almost the same time.
C)The CS must physically resemble the UCS.
D)The UCS must occur before the CS.
Q3) On a continuous schedule of reinforcement,when does reinforcement occur?
A)After every response
B)For the first response after a given period of time
C)After a certain number of responses
D)After an unpredictable number of responses
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Chapter 6: A: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychologists who study only observable actions,while avoiding discussion of mental processes,are called _______.
Q2) In classical and operant conditioning,any stimulus can be paired equally easily with any possible outcome.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If reinforcement sometimes occurs after three responses,sometimes after five,sometimes after seven,and so forth,then the schedule of reinforcement is _______
Q4) Pavlov theorized that pairing a CS with a UCS caused a path to grow between two brain areas,such that the learner reacted to the CS as if it were the UCS.Cite evidence AGAINST this theory.
Q5) In operant conditioning,"shaping" a response means putting the animal into the correct position and posture to make the response.
A)True B)False
Q6) Almost anything could become a secondary reinforcer.
A)True
B)False
13
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) How long and how well do most students remember a foreign language they studied in college?
A)They forget it almost completely within a year or two.
B)They remember it many years later almost as well as on the day of graduation.
C)They forget some of it within the first few years and then it remains fairly stable.
D)They remember it well for the first few years and then it starts fading steadily.
Q2) In addition to producing amnesia,damage to the hippocampus impairs what else?
A)Ability to understand language
B)Ability to coordinate the left hand with the right hand
C)Ability to sing
D)Ability to imagine the future
Q3) Your geography professor gives you a list of the countries of Africa and asks for the capital of each,but provides the first letter of each capital.What kind of memory test is this?
A)Free recall
B)Cued recall
C)Recognition
D)Savings
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Chapter 7: A: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Free recall,cued recall,recognition,and savings are tests of ____________________ memory.
Q2) If you remember something,but you forget where or how you learned it,you are showing ________ amnesia.
Q3) Children who experience traumatic events (for example,witnessing the murder of their parents)repress the memories and cannot recall them later.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Moderate emotional arousal helps you store a memory.
A)True
B)False
Q5) If you are trying to remember the items on a list,an effective strategy is to rate how helpful each item might be in a life-or-death situation.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The associations you form at the time of learning are the most effective retrieval cues for remembering something later.This principle is known as _________ specificity.
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Chapter 8: Cognition and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) When does the representativeness heuristic lead to an incorrect conclusion?
A)When it is more important to choose high quality than low price
B)When we are dealing with a category that is easy to define
C)When we overlook base-rate information
D)When we are making a decision based on much information
Q2) How does the brain represent language in a bilingual person?
A)One language is in the left hemisphere and the other is in both hemispheres.
B)One language is in the left hemisphere and the other is in the right hemisphere.
C)An expanded area of the brain controls language, but it is the same for both languages.
D)One language is in Broca's area and the other is in Wernicke's area.
Q3) Who would probably NOT show the Stroop effect?
A)Someone with post-traumatic stress disorder
B)Someone who cannot read
C)Someone with attention deficit disorder
D)Someone with extensive musical training
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Chapter 8: A: Cognition and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is easier to read a briefly presented letter that is part of a word than the same letter in isolation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A unit of sound is called a phoneme.A unit of meaning is a _____.
Q3) Writing a question in a font that is difficult to read increases people's chance of correctly answering a tricky question.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Bilingual children show impairment of their attention in several regards.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the Stroop effect?
Q6) In making decisions,searching only until you find something that is good enough is called _____.
Q7) We read both during eye fixations and during the eye movements between fixations. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Intelligenceintelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) What do the WAIS-IV and the WISC-V attempt to measure?
A)Interests
B)Intelligence
C)Personality
D)Mental health
Q2) On the Stanford-Binet test,what is the mean score?
A)Ten times the child's age
B)50
C)100
D)500
Q3) A speculative but plausible hypothesis explains the Flynn effect by an increase in what?
A)Exposure to artificial lights
B)Consumption of drinks containing artificial sweeteners
C)Global climate change
D)Education adapted to different children's learning styles
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Chapter 9: A: Intelligence Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Charles Spearman identified a g factor in intelligence.The g stands for _______.
Q2) Define stereotype threat,and describe the findings from Claude Steele's classic study on stereotype threat.
Q3) What types of interventions have been successful for improving children's IQ scores?
Q4) If a researcher asks a group of people to take the same test repeatedly,the researcher is probably trying to determine the _________ of the test scores.
Q5) We can use IQ scores to explain why one child does better in school than another child does.
A)True
B)False
Q6) A question on a math test contains a diagram of an American football field.If this question is among the easiest for men to answer and among the hardest for women to answer,we can conclude that this test question is biased.
A)True
B)False
Q7) On a standardized IQ test,the mean score is _________.
Q8) Describe the Flynn effect and at least two possible explanations for it.
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Chapter 10: Consciousnessconsciousness
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Q1) When Franz Mesmer discovered the phenomenon we now call hypnosis,what explanation did he give?
A)Extrasensory perception
B)Synchrony of action potentials
C)Magnetism generated by his body
D)Power of suggestion
Q2) What evidence shows that déjà vu does not mean that an experience really is familiar?
A)A déjà vu experience is more common when other people are nearby.
B)Some people have déjà vu experiences more often than others do.
C)A déjà vu experience can happen in a familiar situation.
D)With certain types of epilepsy, every event produces déjà vu.
Q3) In what way is hypnosis similar to dreaming?
A)Mental activity becomes separate from brain activity.
B)The person loses all contact with the real world.
C)Brain activity indicates REM sleep.
D)The person accepts contradictory information without protest.
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Chapter 10: A: Consciousnessconsciousness
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Q1) A dream that occurs when the person is aware of being asleep and dreaming is called a _______ dream.
Q2) Describe the study with the spot of light going around a clock,in which researchers measured the time of a conscious decision relative to brain activity and the start of a movement.
Q3) Hypnosis can reduce people's emotional response to pain.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If you go without sleep all night,you feel more alert the next morning than you did late in the night.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Rhythms of wakefulness and sleepiness lasting about one day are called _______ rhythms.
Q6) Hypnotists generally say that you won't do anything under hypnosis that you would refuse to do otherwise.What does the evidence say about this claim?
Q7) The brain is most active during the _____ sleep stage.
Q8) Night terrors occur mostly during stage _____of sleep.
Q9) Briefly describe sleep apnea and narcolepsy.
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Chapter 11: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors
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Q1) Hormones influence brain development by different mechanisms in different brain areas.What is a consequence of this fact?
A)A brain can be more masculinized in one area and more feminized in another.
B)On average, brain size is larger in males than in females.
C)Nearly all the behavioral differences between males and females are small.
D)After damage to any brain area, a different brain area can take over its functions.
Q2) Masters and Johnson described sexual response in terms of four stages.What is the first stage?
A)Acceptance
B)Resolution
C)Plateau
D)Excitement
Q3) In what way does insulin influence hunger?
A)It increases the sensitivity of the taste buds.
B)It increases the excretion of waste products.
C)It increases the frequency of stomach contractions.
D)It increases the flow of glucose into the cells.
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Chapter 11: A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors
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Q1) What did Masters and Johnson discover that contradicted what previous authorities had said about female sexuality?
Q2) A homosexual orientation is slightly more common among men who have an older brother.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Later surveys confirmed the Kinsey study's statistics on prevalence of various sexual activities and orientations.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If you have a choice of when to set deadline for a series of tasks,you should set all the deadlines as late as possible.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Many women have multiple consecutive orgasms.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What causes some children to be born with an intersex anatomy?
Q7) Hunger is increased by the hormone ghrelin,which is released by the
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Chapter 12: Part 1 Emotions,stress,and
Healthemotions,stress,and Health
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Q1) What does the research indicate about polygraphs ("lie detector machines")?
A)They are highly accurate at separating liars from honest people.
B)They are no more accurate than flipping a coin.
C)They are actually less accurate than flipping a coin.
D)They often classify innocent people as liars.
Q2) Which emotion strongly motivates people to prefer a small reward now over a bigger one later?
A)Happiness
B)Surprise
C)Anger
D)Sadness
Q3) Which of the following tends to make a stressful experience worse?
A)Physical exercise while waiting for it
B)Unpredictability of the stress
C)Distraction from thinking about the stress
D)Attempts to relax
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Chapter 12: A: Emotional,stress,and
Healthemotional,stress,and Health
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Q1) The raised-eyebrow expression has different meanings from one culture to another. A)True
B)False
Q2) Prolonged stress causes the adrenal glands to release the hormone __________,which enhances metabolism and increases the supply of sugar and other nutrients to the cells.
Q3) A woman with damage to her amygdala in both hemispheres does not feel fear under any circumstances.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Certain patients with brain damage show a lack of guilt and embarrassment.They also make many impulsive,poor decisions,apparently because they cannot imagine how they will feel afterward.These reactions occur most often after damage to the ______ cortex.
Q5) The idea that emotional feeling results from sensing your body's reaction is known as the ________- ________ theory.
Q6) Researchers measure changes in the startle reflex as an operational definition of
Page 25
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Chapter 13: Social Psychologysocial Psychology
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Q1) What often happens when people hear false information on an entertaining TV program?
A)The information will have no influence.
B)People will take the information seriously at first, but dismiss it later.
C)People will dismiss the information at first, but might believe it later.
D)People will shift their opinions to the opposite of the false information.
Q2) What kind of committee usually makes the best decisions on a nontechnical question such as moral judgments or how to divide limited resources?
A)A committee dominated by one highly intelligent person
B)A committee with a high percentage of women
C)A committee with a high percentage of men
D)A committee with as many total members as possible
Q3) What is "cognitive dissonance"?
A)The process of forming or changing an attitude
B)Attitudes that are in agreement with the facts
C)An unfavorable attitude toward something
D)Perceived contradiction between attitudes and behavior
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Chapter 13: A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology
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Q1) To measure the maturity of someone's moral judgments,Kohlberg devised a series of moral __________ that pit one moral value against another.
Q2) Most people with mental illness are more dangerous than other people.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One explanation for why people often fail to help a person in distress is diffusion of _____________.
Q4) Expectations that increase the probability of the expected event are known as __________ prophecies.
Q5) People in Western societies tend to assume that people voluntarily chose to act as they did,even when the situation required that action. A)True
B)False
Q6) Other things being equal,the first information we learn about someone influences us more than later information does.This is known as the ____________________ effect.
Q7) If you intentionally put yourself at a disadvantage to provide an excuse for failure,you are engaged in a self-_______ strategy.
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Chapter 14: Personalitypersonality
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Q1) According to Freud,what was the order of stages of psychosexual development?
A)Anal, latent, oral, genital, phallic
B)Latent, oral, anal, genital, phallic
C)Latent, anal, oral, genital, phallic
D)Oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital
Q2) What is the current status of criminal profiling,according to available evidence?
A)Profilers are moderately accurate, but their mistakes can lead police astray.
B)Profilers are no more accurate than random guessing.
C)Profilers are no more accurate than an intelligent but uninformed person.
D)Profilers are fairly accurate, but psychics are more accurate.
Q3) Which personality trait tends to decrease as people grow older?
A)Agreeableness
B)Conscientiousness
C)Social vitality
D)Emotional stability
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Chapter 14: A: Personalitypersonality
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Q1) According to Jung,the collective conscious depends on heredity more than it does on personal experience.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The process of releasing a pent-up emotion,getting it out of one's system,is called
Q3) The opposite of emotional stability is ____________.
Q4) In contrast to a state,which is a temporary tendency in behavior,a consistent and lasting tendency to act in a particular way is called a ___________.
Q5) How did psychologists determine which items to include on the MMPI?
Q6) Much research demonstrates the value of catharsis for improving mood and relieving mental illness.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Alfred Adler argued that mental health is more than just the absence of disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q8) How did Carl Jung's concept of the unconscious mind differ from Freud's concept?
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Chapter 15: Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and
Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment
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Q1) Exposure therapy for a phobia of snakes would begin with which instruction?
A)Briefly look at this picture of a snake.
B)Let's see how long you can go without thinking about a snake.
C)Tell me about your childhood experiences with a snake.
D)Tell me about any dreams you remember about snakes.
Q2) What is the difference between a hallucination and a delusion?
A)A hallucination is a false perception. A delusion is a false belief.
B)A hallucination is a false belief. A delusion is a false perception.
C)A hallucination is a repetitive thought. A delusion is a repetitive action.
D)A hallucination is a repetitive action. A delusion is a repetitive thought.
Q3) J.B.Watson suggested that people learn phobias by pairing a stimulus with an unpleasant experience.What is evidence against that hypothesis?
A)Phobias are more common in young adulthood than in old age.
B)Most phobias can be traced to repressed memories from early childhood.
C)Phobia of harmless objects is more common than phobia of something dangerous.
D)Phobia of snakes is more common than phobia of cars.
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Chapter 15: A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and
Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26441
Sample Questions
Q1) People who "hold their liquor well," showing little body sway after drinking a moderate amount,are more likely than other people to become alcoholics.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A symptom that is noticed by its absence (such as lack of emotional expression,lack of motivation,and lack of social interaction)is called a ___________ symptom.
Q3) A phobia is a fear of something that is not actually dangerous.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A symptom such as hallucination or delusion that is noticed by its presence (instead of the absence of something)is called a ___________ symptom.
Q5) Antidepressant drugs increase the availability of serotonin,dopamine,or other neurotransmitters in the synapses.Why is it nevertheless unlikely that this effect fully explains the benefits of the drugs?
Q6) If you want to identify which young people are most likely to develop an alcohol problem,what behavior should you observe?
Q7) What are some of the criticisms or weaknesses of the DSM approach?
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