Psychology for Educators
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Psychology for Educators explores the foundational principles of psychology as they apply to teaching and learning environments. This course examines topics such as cognitive development, motivation, classroom management, student diversity, and the impact of psychological theories on instructional methods. By understanding how students think, learn, and behave, educators will be better equipped to create effective learning experiences, respond to diverse learner needs, and foster supportive educational settings. The course integrates real-world case studies and practical strategies to bridge theory with classroom practice.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology From Inquiry to Understanding 3rd Edition by Scott O. Lilienfeld
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Chapter 1: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
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Q1) Which of the following psychologists would be most likely to argue that free will is something that does not truly exist,and that we are simply unaware of the environmental influences that affect our behaviors at any given moment?
A)B)F.Skinner
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Wilhelm Wundt
D)Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
Answer: A
Q2) A group of animal behaviorists has discovered several new species of insects in the Amazon jungle.They collect the new species for later study back at the camp.Due to advances in computer technology,they are able to transfer their findings immediately to other researchers studying insects.Their willingness to share these findings with other scientists shows their commitment to
A)critical thinking.
B)falsifiability.
C)peer review.
D)pseudoscience.
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 1: Exsetntion: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
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Q1) What famous American psychologist also heavily influenced the field of advertising?
A)William James
B)Carl Rogers
C)B.F.Skinner
D)John Watson
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following ideas is the most compelling evidence against the idea of free will?
A)Most of people's behavior is deliberate and controlled.
B)People often lack direct access to the causes of their behavior.
C)Recent brain imaging studies have shown that readiness potential and conscious intention to behave co-occur .
D)We select when,where,and how to assert our option to engage in one behavior rather than in another.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Research Methods
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Q1) Sarah,a graduate student in psychology,just heard about a five-year-old child who has already learned calculus.She is thinking about doing an in-depth study of the child for her dissertation because such early-life math skill is so rare.Sarah is considering which research method?
A)Naturalistic observation
B)Experiment
C)Independent study
D)Case study
Answer: D
Q2) What is the purpose of an institutional review board?
A)To help protect research participants from abuse
B)To hinder the research process by placing unnecessary hurdles in the way of researchers
C)To help protect the university from lawsuits from unhappy research participants
D)To encourage the use of deception in medical and psychological research with humans
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Exsetntion: Research Methods
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Q1) Dr.Potter,an English professor,is curious about his students' attitudes toward one of his favorite books.What research method is he most likely to use to gather this information?
A)Survey
B)Case Study
C)Experiment
D)Naturalistic observation
Q2) A graph that can be used to represent the pattern of relationship between scores from two variables is called a
A)bar graph.
B)frequency polygon.
C)histogram.
D)scatterplot.
Q3) A mechanism by which experts in a field carefully screen the work of their colleagues is known as
A)experimental validity.
B)experimenter bias effect.
C)peer review.
D)peer assessment.
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Page 6
Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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Q1) Andy has decided to seek medical help for mood disturbances and appetite problems.Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in the problems Andy is experiencing?
A)GABA
B)Dopamine
C)Serotonin
D)Acetycholine
Q2) People's genetic makeup is their
A)genotype.
B)phenotype.
C)mRNA.
D)genome.
Q3) According to _____ theory,memories are initially stored at multiple sites.Over time,storage strengthens at some sites,but weakens at others.
A)memory transfer
B)multiple trace
C)memory consolidation
D)neural realignment
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Chapter 3: Exsetntion: Biological Psychology
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true?
A)Many parts of the brain appear to have no useful function in today's world.
B)Losses of small areas of certain parts of the brain rarely cause devastating,often permanent,losses of function.
C)All the brain areas become active on brain scans at one time or another as we think,feel,and perceive.
D)Every part of the brain has a redundant backup,which is why brain injuries are so rarely serious.
Q2) Ali is in the hospital about to undergo a brain-imaging process that involves taking many X-rays from different angles.What type of imaging technique is being used?
A)electroencephalography (EEG)
B)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
C)positron-emission tomography (PET)
D)computed tomography (CT)
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) The difference between high-definition television and regular television is analogous to which component of sound?
A)Pitch
B)Loudness
C)Amplitude
D)Timbre
Q2) The somatosensory system responds to sensory information about
A)body position and equilibrium.
B)temperature,touch and pain.
C)taste and smell.
D)sound and vision.
Q3) Clara,the psychic,is addressing her audience prior to the show.She notices that two of the audience members are wearing military uniforms.After a brief conversation with one of the soldiers,she suggests to him that he may be experiencing some doubt over recent events that took place.Which process is Clara engaging in?
A)Cold reading
B)Precognition
C)Telepathy
D)Clairvoyance
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Page 9
Chapter 4: Exsetntion: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) Infant Esme is just waking up from her nap.As her mom enters the room,Esme turns her head in Mom's direction.Which of the following allowed Esme to know the direction Mom would be entering from?
A)Echolocation
B)Sound shadow
C)Auditory perceptual cues
D)Binaural cues
Q2) Brightness refers to the intensity of light.The corresponding term when discussing sound is
A)hue.
B)loudness.
C)pitch.
D)timbre.
Q3) Which of the following most closely mimics the process of transduction?
A)Betty mixes eggs,flour,and sugar together to make a cake.
B)While painting,Stan combines the colors red and blue to make purple.
C)Gas companies convert crude oil into a fuel that car engines can run on.
D)Nike changes its logo from a "swoosh" to a "panther."
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Chapter 5: Consciousness
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Q1) The positive effects that have been noted when using hypnosis have been explained in a number of ways.One suggestion is that the relaxed state that accompanies a "hypnotic trance" is uniquely responsible for all of the effects.This reminds us of which principle of critical thinking from your book?
A)Replicability
B)Ruling out rival hypotheses
C)Correlation vs.causation
D)Falsifiability
Q2) Which of the following statements might help you determine if an individual has narcolepsy?
A)"I sometimes fall into a deep sleep in the middle of a conversation."
B)"I don't have an adverse reaction to sleeping pills."
C)"I have difficulty getting to sleep."
D)"When I get up in the morning,I have the feeling that I had really bad nightmares."
Q3) Which of the following drugs is categorized as a depressant?
A)Cocaine
B)LSD
C)Alcohol
D)Marijuana
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Page 11
Chapter 5: Exsetntion: Consciousness
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Q1) Abdulkadir had a very strange thing happen to him last night.He was sound asleep in bed,and he was dreaming that he was at a party when he won the $250 million dollar lottery spin.As everyone was screaming,jumping up and down,and celebrating,Abdulkadir had the strangest sensation that he was actually dreaming.As it turns out,unfortunately,he was right.What principle explains this experience?
A)Lucid dreaming
B)Conscious dreaming
C)Unconscious dreaming
D)Sentient dreaming
Q2) Which theorist,attempting to explain what dreams are all about,suggested that there are two levels of content to each dream-the manifest content and the latent content.
A)Freud
B)Cartwright
C)Domhoff
D)Van de Castle
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12
Chapter 6: Learning
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Q1) The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called _____.
A)operant conditioning
B)classical conditioning
C)effective based learning
D)discovery learning
Q2) Whenever five-year-old Claire goes to the dentist,she becomes anxious and cries.Since she was not afraid of the dentist on her first visit,her fear was a learned behavior.The UCS in this case was probably
A)the dentist's beard.
B)sweet toothpaste.
C)the pain associated with teeth cleaning.
D)the sound of the music in the dentist's waiting room.
Q3) Omar and Patrick sell magazine subscriptions by telephone.Omar is paid $1.00 for every 5 calls he makes,while Patrick is paid $1.00 for every subscription he sells.Omar is paid on a _____ _____ schedule while Patrick is paid on a _____schedule.
A)fixed ratio; variable ratio
B)fixed ratio; fixed interval
C)variable ratio; fixed ratio
D)fixed ratio; variable interval
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Page 13
Chapter 6: Exsetntion: Learning
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Q1) The situation of a student's final grade improving one letter grade for every three books read represents which schedule of reinforcement?
A)Fixed interval
B)Fixed ratio
C)Variable interval
D)Variable ratio
Q2) Mitzi and her husband went out for a nice dinner,where Mitzi ordered a Diet Coke to go with her meal.When her drink was served,she took one sip and made a disgusted face."That's not Diet Coke," Mitzi said with an irritated look."That's a Diet Pepsi." Mitzi's ability to distinguish one soda from another demonstrates
A)stimulus overlap.
B)stimulus discrimination.
C)stimulus generalization.
D)higher-order stimulation.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
A)Giving a child candy for completing their homework
B)Removing a child's chores when he or she completes homework
C)Allowing students homework passes if they work hard during class
D)Taking away privileges if a child does not follow classroom rules
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Page 14
Chapter 7: Memory
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Q1) When one attempts to recreate a retrieval environment that is as similar as possible to the initial encoding,or learning,environment as possible,he or she is making use of the principle of A)distributed practice.
B)encoding specificity.
C)parsimony.
D)priming.
Q2) As we age,our ability to recognize the strengths and limitations of our own memories improves.This is known as A)meta-cognition.
B)meta-memory.
C)permastore.
D)transience.
Q3) With regard to the idea of patients' memories being shaped by suggestive psychotherapy techniques,psychologists
A)are in agreement that this frequently happens.
B)are in agreement that this rarely happens.
C)are divided about whether such memories are real or false memories.
D)need more evidence to demonstrate that false memories can be implanted.
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Page 15
Chapter 7: Exsetntion: Memory
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Q1) The first day of class,Sheila asked her professor what was the best way to learn and remember the material for the course.The professor responded,"Focus on identifying and understanding the meaning of the important terms and concepts." The instructor is advocating a _____ level of processing.
A)phonological
B)semantic
C)verbal
D)visual
Q2) For students to show the best performance on their exams,they are advised to engage in
A)delayed practice.
B)distributed practice.
C)massed practice.
D)processed practice.
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16
Chapter 8: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language
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Q1) Eduardo is from Brazil.He is fluent in both Portuguese and English.When he uses English to speak to you of his home in Brazil,he seems to have trouble remembering details.Yet when he is speaking Portuguese to another Brazilian,he has no trouble remembering.This phenomenon can be best explained by
A)linguistic determinism.
B)linguistic relativity.
C)extralinguistic information.
D)cryptophasia.
Q2) The average reader uses _____ to read the vast majority of printed words.
A)phonetic decomposition
B)whole word recognition
C)surface salience
D)the representativeness heuristic
Q3) People with cancer tend to be more optimistic if their doctor says "You are 90% certain to survive" as opposed to "There is a 1 in 10 chance you will die." This is an example of
A)poor bedside manners.
B)a heuristic.
C)framing information.
D)developing a healthful concept.
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Chapter 8: Exsetntion: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language
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Q1) It is possible to increase both our reading speed and comprehension,as long as our speed does not exceed _____ words per minute.
A)100
B)200
C)300
D)400
Q2) Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding sign language and talking?
A)Learning sign language speeds up the process of learning to talk.
B)Deaf children who rely on sign language rarely acquire any true vocal skills.
C)Children who are partially deaf and who use sign language have the worst chance of learning to talk because they use sign language as a "crutch."
D)Research has found that only deaf children who get cochlear implants ever truly learn to talk effectively.
Q3) As symbolic systems of communication,most languages
A)generally match sounds to the meaning of words.
B)are arbitrary in the relationship between words and meaning.
C)can be translated to another without impaired meanings of complex concepts.
D)do not have concepts that are unique to just one particular language.
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Page 18
Chapter 9: Intelligence and IQ Testing
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Q1) The "Flynn effect" refers to
A)the finding that IQ scores have stayed the same over the last decade.
B)the finding that IQ scores have steadily increased over the last decade.
C)the finding that IQ scores have steadily decreased over the last decade.
D)the finding that IQ scores are negatively correlated with education levels.
Q2) Sterilization laws beginning in the early 1900s remained on the books in the United States until the A)1940s.
B)1950s.
C)1960s.
D)1970s.
Q3) Kenneth is especially skilled when it comes to chart reading,map reading,and graph reading tasks.According to Gardner,Kenneth's skills reflect _____ intelligence.
A)spatial
B)linguistic
C)logic-mathematical
D)naturalistic
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Chapter 9: Exsetntion: Intelligence and IQ Testing
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Q1) Which subdivision of the cortex is most active on tasks involving planning,reasoning,and short-term memory?
A)Parietal cortex
B)Temporal lobes
C)Prefrontal cortex
D)Occipital cortex
Q2) Dr.Cho wants to know if differences in the growth rate of fish are based on genetics or the environment.He buys two fish.Fish 1 is fed everyday,while fish 2 is fed every other day.At the end of a month,fish 1 is nearly 15 percent larger than fish 2.Considering the fish have a nearly identical genetic makeup,what can Dr.Cho conclude?
A)Environmental changes can account for all the differences in growth rate.
B)Genetic influences must account for a majority of the differences in growth rate.
C)Environmental conditions were more favorable for fish 2.
D)Differences in growth rate cannot be determined by his simple experiment.
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Chapter 10: Human Development
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Q1) Which of the following is not a known symptom of fetal alcohol syndrome?
A)Facial malformations
B)Respiratory difficulties
C)Behavioral disorders
D)Learning disabilities
Q2) Which of the following statements is illustrative of the post hoc fallacy?
A)Believing that because most professional athletes lift weights,weightlifting produces professional athletes
B)Believing that because someone is muscular in body type,she is more likely to become a professional athlete
C)Believing that because someone is specially trained,he is more likely to become a professional athlete
D)Believing that because someone has benefited from the best coaching,she will have a good chance of becoming a professional athlete
Q3) Which of the following physical changes is associated with aging in men?
A)A loss of ability to hear low-pitched sounds
B)A reduction in testosterone levels
C)A reduction in interest in his career
D)An increase in the speed at which a man gets an erection
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Page 21
Chapter 10: Exsetntion: Human Development
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Q1) "Man,I cannot believe how smart David is! He is so much more intelligent than other kids his age,and he also seems to have a good head on his shoulders when it comes to making decisions.He is polite,doesn't get into trouble,and seems to naturally make good decisions.It is hard to believe he is only 13 years old!" David's _____ age appears to be well ahead of his _____ age.
A)chronological; mental
B)mental; social
C)social; chronological
D)chronological; social
Q2) During the _____ stage of development,a child will not have developed object permanence.
A)preoperational
B)sensorimotor
C)concrete operational
D)formal operational
Q3) The correct order of the stages of prenatal development is
A)fetal stage,embryonic stage,zygotic stage.
B)germinal stage,embryonic stage,fetal stage.
C)zygotic stage,fetal stage,germinal stage.
D)zygotic stage,embryonic stage,germinal stage, fetal stage.
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Chapter 11: Emotion and Motivation
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Q1) According to the glucostatic theory,the level of _____ is a primary control mechanism for the regulation of hunger.
A)lipids in the liver
B)glucose in the blood
C)metabolites in the pancreas
D)phospholipids in the spleen
Q2) Jane just met Allen at a bar.They talked for awhile and shared a cab home.She tells her roommates that she cannot stop thinking about him.What type of love is she experiencing?
A)Fatuous
B)Empty
C)Romantic
D)Infatuation
Q3) Who proposed the triangular theory of love?
A)Robert Sternberg
B)Soloman Asch
C)Stanley Milgram
D)Philip Zimbardo
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23
Chapter 11: Exsetntion: Emotion and Motivation
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Q1) "Look at those two,they can't keep their hands off of each other! They've only been on two dates,and they barely know each other!" What type of love is being depicted?
A)Companionate
B)Infatuation
C)Committed
D)Intimate
Q2) Which of the following factors is the best predictor of homosexuality?
A)Being left-handed or right-handed
B)Engaging in gender nonconformity
C)Being sexually attracted to the members of the same sex
D)Feeling estranged from your same sex peers
Q3) Manipulations that decrease glucose levels cause _____; ones that increase glucose levels cause _____.
A)an increase in arousal; a decrease in arousal
B)a decrease in hunger; an increase in hunger
C)a decrease in arousal; an increase in arousal
D)an increase in hunger; a decrease in hunger
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Chapter 12: Stress, Coping, and Health
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Q1) Research has consistently shown that having a good _____ is of critical importance in a person's ability to cope with stressors.
A)friendship
B)camaraderie
C)therapist
D)social support system
Q2) Which of the following has been shown to be an outcome of using meditation?
A)Increased blood pressure
B)Increased blood flow to the brain
C)Decrease in blood glucose levels
D)Decreases in nightmares and night terror episodes
Q3) Edgar is learning deep-breathing techniques to reduce anxiety about having been robbed at knifepoint.This is an example of _____.
A)problem-focused coping
B)emotion-focused coping
C)avoidance
D)reappraisal
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Chapter 12: Exsetntion: Stress, Coping, and Health
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Q1) Vanna's mother is ill and Vanna is feeling overwhelmed and sad.To cope with this stress of her mother's illness,Vanna has been writing her feelings down in a journal.Vanna is using _____.
A)problem-focused coping
B)emotion-focused coping
C)distraction
D)reappraisal
Q2) Tad seems to thrive when faced with difficult challenges and usually feels in control of his life.He would probably be labeled a _____ personality.
A)stressed
B)Type B
C)Type C
D)hardy
Q3) The Type A behavior pattern is a significant predictor of _____.
A)mental illness
B)coronary heart disease
C)cancer
D)respiratory illnesses
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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Q1) When their friend Vincent was walking down the hall after a pleasant conversation,Neil and Michaela watched as he suddenly tripped and fell to the floor,scattering his schoolbooks all over the hallway.They ran over to him,helped him pick up his books,and commented,"I didn't know that the floor was so slippery in this part of the hall!" Neil and Michaela have made a _____ attribution to explain why Vincent fell over.
A)dispositional
B)assistive
C)situational
D)cooperative
Q2) Who is least likely to be aggressive?
A)Cody,a Southerner who has just been insulted by a neighbor
B)Juan,who just watched a daylong marathon of slasher movies
C)Jeff,who has been drinking heavily at a bar
D)Shoshone,who lives in Anchorage,Alaska
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Chapter 13: Exsetntion: Social Psychology
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Q1) According to research,humans have a biological need for interpersonal interactions.This is called the
A)need for friends theory.
B)need for intimacy theory.
C)need for interpersonal interactions theory.
D)need to belong theory.
Q2) _____ is the claim that our attributions and behaviors are shaped by a belief that the world is fair and people always get what they deserve.
A)The just-world hypothesis
B)The scapegoat hypothesis
C)The bandwagon hypothesis
D)The maladaptive gullibility hypothesis
Q3) Who is more likely to engage in physical aggression?
A)Billy,who was raised in North Dakota
B)Mao Lin,who was raised in Beijing,China
C)Beau,who was raised in Savannah,Georgia
D)Tanaka,who was raised in Tokyo,Japan
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28
Chapter 14: Personality
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Q1) The practice of physiognomy,as well as that of phrenology,have been summarily discredited by modern scientific research.As it turns out,the bumps on a person's head and one's facial characteristics give virtually no information about their personality characteristics.This is an important reminder of the importance of the critical thinking principle of
A)falsifiability.
B)correlation versus causation.
C)extraordinary claims.
D)ruling out rival hypotheses.
Q2) Cailee and Rick's parents take them to church every week.What type of influence on personality is being exhibited?
A)Genetic
B)Nonshared environmental
C)Shared environmental
D)Sociological
Q3) The MMPI and MMPI-2 are personality tests that are designed to
A)detect individual differences in personality patterns.
B)detect symptoms of mental disorders.
C)detect relationships between body types and personality patterns.
D)detect differences in interpretation of ambiguous stimuli.
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Chapter 14: Exsetntion: Personality
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Q1) The book suggests that criminal profiling can fall victim to A)social durability bias.
B)the P.T.Barnum effect.
C)confirmation bias.
D)projective hypotheses.
Q2) A key criticism of the trait perspective on personality development is that it A)fails to explain the cause of the differences in the various trait dimensions.
B)focuses too much on the role of unconscious forces in personality development. C)ignores the evil and selfishness that humans are capable of.
D)lacks supportive evidence for the existence of multiple trait dimensions.
Q3) What theorist strongly disagreed with Freud's ideas about women and their feelings of inferiority and the Oedipus complex?
A)Adler
B)Horney
C)Jung
D)Klein
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered abnormal because it creates _____.
A)deviance
B)distress
C)disapproval
D)impairment
Q2) Tommy is a seven year old boy with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Which of the following would be inconsistent with this diagnosis?
A)He has difficulty with language skills.
B)He enjoys playing with his older brother.
C)He isn't interested in playing with anything except his Tickle-Me-Elmo toy.
D)His symptoms first showed up when he was 8 months old.
Q3) Which psychological disorder has the strongest evidence for a genetic link?
A)Antisocial personality disorder
B)Bipolar disorder
C)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)Schizophrenia
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Chapter 15: Exsetntion: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) The diathesis-stress model suggests that schizophrenia develops from A)genetic influences entirely.
B)environmental influences entirely.
C)exposure to stress.
D)a combination of a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia and exposure to significant stressors in their life.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true regarding suicide?
A)More men than women attempt suicide.
B)More women than men attempt suicide.
C)Depression is a better predictor of suicide than are feelings of hopelessness.
D)There is no relationship between age and attempting suicide.
Q3) Major changes in sleep patterns,weight level,and a loss of interest in pleasurable activities,characterize A)agoraphobia.
B)major depressive disorder.
C)schizophrenia.
D)social anxiety.
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Chapter 16: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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Q1) _____ practitioners teach clients that negative thoughts such as "I'm worthless" are merely thoughts,not facts,while encouraging them to accept and tolerate the full range of their feelings,and act in keeping with their goals and values.
A)Avoidance and commitment therapy
B)Acceptance and commitment therapy
C)Dissonance and commitment therapy
D)Dialectical and behavioral therapy
Q2) Trina attempts to overcome her fear of clowns by learning how to shift from a feeling of tension to one of calm and relaxation.Next,she is asked to imagine different situations,each more anxiety-provoking than the previous.She only proceeds to the next situation if she can maintain her feeling of relaxation.Trina's therapist is using _____ to remove her fear.
A)exposure therapy
B)modeling
C)person-centered therapy
D)systematic desensitization
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Chapter 16: Exsetntion: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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Q1) Dedric is being asked to anticipate an upcoming tennis match against a highly ranked opponent.He is to imagine falling behind by one set,in a best of two of three sets match,and what he would say to himself in such a scenario.This example illustrates what Meichenbaum would call
A)systematic desensitization.
B)person-centered therapy.
C)rational emotive behavior therapy.
D)stress inoculation training.
Q2) In what brand of psychotherapy would a clinical psychologist attempt to uncover the underlying unconscious conflicts and impulses that are the cause of one's psychological difficulties?
A)Behavioral
B)Cognitive-behavioral
C)Humanistic
D)Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
Q3) Psychotherapy is an intervention designed to help people to deal with and manage
A)legal problems.
B)financial problems.
C)interpersonal problems only.
D)behavioral,emotional,and interpersonal problems.
Page 34
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