Psychology for Educators Final Exam
Course Introduction
Psychology for Educators explores foundational concepts and theories in psychology that directly inform effective teaching practices and student learning. The course examines cognitive, social, and emotional development across childhood and adolescence, emphasizing how these factors influence classroom behavior, motivation, and achievement. Students will analyze individual differences, learning processes, and classroom management strategies, gaining insight into how to create supportive learning environments for diverse learners. By bridging psychological theory with real-world educational practices, the course equips future educators with practical tools to foster positive outcomes for all students.
Recommended Textbook
Child Development An Introduction 14th Edition by John W Santrock
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16 Chapters
1915 Verified Questions
1915 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The idea that a tadpole stops being a tadpole when it enters the frog stage of development is an example of development viewed in terms of A)cohesiveness.
B)nurture's role.
C)discontinuity.
D)developmental stability.
Answer: C
Q2) A hypothesis should be
A)simple.
B)testable.
C)accurate.
D)predictable.
Answer: B
Q3) A(n)________ is an interrelated,coherent set of ideas that helps to explain and to make predictions.
A)theory
B)doctrine
C)explanation
D)observation
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was NOT one of the factors identified by researchers as external influences on the excitation or inhibition of genetic expression?
A)stress
B)radiation
C)temperature
D)intelligence
Answer: D
Q2) According to your text,________ are assembled and then become capable of producing phenotypic traits.
A)proteins
B)vitamins
C)bones
D)calories
Answer: A
Q3) Describe the epigenetic view of development.
Answer: The epigenetic view states that development is the result of an ongoing,bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.Heredity and environment operate together-or collaborate-to produce various observable traits of a person.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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119 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A cluster of abnormalities that appear in a newborn and include facial and limb deformities and defects of the limbs,face,and heart,and also often include neurocognitive difficulties and learning problems,are known as A)cocaine-induced syndromes.
B)embryonic nicotine syndromes.
C)drug-induced fetal disorders.
D)fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
Answer: D
Q2) Folic acid,a B-complex vitamin,is important in preventing A)brittle bones.
B)neural tube defects.
C)facial deformities.
D)cognitive problems.
Answer: B
Q3) The greatest risk for prenatal defects exists when a mother contracts rubella
A)in the third month of pregnancy.
B)in the second trimester of pregnancy.
C)right before birth.
D)in the third or fourth week of pregnancy.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) The second stage of birth begins when the
A)baby's head starts to move through the cervix and the birth canal.
B)cervix begins to stretch and open to about 4 inches to facilitate the baby's movement.
C)placenta emerges from the mother's body.
D)baby completely emerges from the mother's body.
Q2) All of the following are associated with doula-assisted pregnancies EXCEPT
A)fewer birth complications.
B)fewer low birth weight infants.
C)fewer cesarean deliveries.
D)fewer people in the delivery room.
Q3) Which of the following are risk factors for developing postpartum depression?
A)history of depression
B)depression during pregnancy
C)lack of social support
D)all of these
Q4) What is afterbirth? What are the events associated with afterbirth?
Q5) Compare and contrast infants who have low birth weight with those who are small for date.
Q6) Compare and contrast natural and prepared childbirth methods.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy
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118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Benefits of breast feeding for the mother include all of the following EXCEPT
A)lower incidence of breast cancer.
B)reduction in ovarian cancer
C)reduction in type 2 diabetes.
D)lower incidence of osteoporosis.
Q2) A(n)________ is a nerve cell that handles information processing.
A)tendon
B)neuron
C)axon
D)collagen
Q3) Daphne Maurer's research on the perceptual abilities of infants has provided evidence for a ________ period in the development of visual perception.
A)critical
B)sensitive
C)necessary
D)crucial
Q4) Describe any two diseases that can occur in infants due to malnutrition.
Q5) List the developmental changes that occur in neurons and different regions of the brain in infancy.
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence focus on?
A)caregiver interactions with the infant
B)the infant's ability to process information
C)social interaction with the infant's siblings
D)fine and gross motor skills
Q2) Attention plays an important role in memory as part of a process called ________,which is the process by which information gets into memory.
A)encoding
B)maintaining
C)filtering
D)inhibiting
Q3) Child-directed speech involves
A)using a higher-pitch and simple words.
B)two infants babbling to each other.
C)parents cooing to other parents.
D)using only holophrases when communicating with infants.
Q4) What is joint attention? Give an example of how joint attention plays an important role in many aspects of infant development.
Q5) What is perceptual categorization?
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Chapter 7: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) John Bowlby,on the basis of ethological evidence,suggested that A)both infants and their primary caregivers are biologically predisposed to form attachments.
B)the critical element in the attachment process of infants is constant care and contact comfort.
C)infants' sense of trust developed due to sensitive care is the foundation for attachment.
D)infants become attached to a person who provides oral satisfaction and food.
Q2) ________ is critical as a means of developing a new social skill and is a key social signal.
A)Fear
B)Smiling
C)Anxiety
D)Crying
Q3) What are the direct and indirect effects of subsystems on each other in a family,as stated by Jay Belsky?
Q4) What is emotion? Give one example each for positive and negative emotions.
Q5) How does the development of social referencing help infants?
Q6) What is the Bringing Home Baby project? How has it helped new parents?
Q7) How does Erikson describe the second stage of development in infants?
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Darla will only eat her peanut butter and jelly sandwich with the crust cut off.Darla would likely be labeled as a(n)________ eater.
A)fussy
B)peculiar
C)restricted
D)over
Q2) Charlie,a 4-year-old boy,fills his sketchbook with drawings that mostly consist of a circle within a triangle,a square within a circle,and other complex patterns he can make by using pairs of shapes.From this information,we can infer that Charlie is in the ________ stage of artistic drawings devised by Rhoda Kellogg.
A)placement
B)pictorial
C)design
D)shape
Q3) List some of the gross motor skills that children in the age group of 37 to 48 months can exercise.
Q4) What effect does increased myelination have on the child's abilities?
Q5) List a few instances of fatal non-vehicle-related deaths in young children.
Q6) Why are some children unusually short?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some developmentalists believe that Montessori schools neglect the development of ________ skills.
A)social
B)physical
C)cognitive
D)information processing
Q2) What is a developmentally appropriate practice (DAP)?
Q3) What are some strategies for using books effectively with preschool children?
Q4) During an experiment in which Lisa can eat a cookie right away or wait until the experimenter returns and get a second cookie,Lisa is singing the alphabet song to herself while she waits.According to your text,Lisa is using ________ thoughts.
A)cool
B)hot
C)educational
D)frozen
Q5) Describe the child-centered kindergarten approach to education.
Q6) What is centration?
Q7) What are the factors that influence the accuracy of a young child's memory?
Q8) Describe the concept of the zone of proximal development.
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a self-conscious emotion?
A)joy
B)fear
C)shame
D)anger
Q2) Which of the following is the MOST common form of child maltreatment?
A)emotional abuse
B)physical abuse
C)child neglect
D)sexual abuse
Q3) ________ refers to a way of responding to another person's feelings with an emotion that echoes the other's feelings.
A)Embarrassment
B)Pity
C)Apathy
D)Empathy
Q4) How did Daniel Berlyne describe play?
Q5) What are the developmental consequences of child abuse?
Q7) What are the negative effects of television on children? Page 12
Q6) What is pretense/symbolic play? How does it influence development in children?
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What treatment is recommended by experts for children who are overweight?
Q2) Describe two speech disorders.
Q3) How does heredity affect children's weight?
Q4) Distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Q5) Children who are ________ blind cannot use their vision in learning and must use their hearing and touch to learn.
A)night
B)educationally
C)stereo
D)color
Q6) According to a recent study of 8-year old children who began participating in sports and continued for 24 months,which gender benefits the MOST from participating in sports?
A)boys
B)girls
C)neither
D)both equally
Q8) What are the causes of asthma? Page 14
Q7) What are the possible causes of learning disabilities?
Q9) How is a learning difficulty identified?
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Page 15
Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following questions requires divergent thinking?
A)What is 45 times 37?
B)Do you like chocolate ice cream?
C)How do you interpret the book Moby Dick?
D)How many dimes can you get for $10?
Q2) Lucienne watches as an experimenter takes one of two identical balls of clay and rolls it into a long, thin piece.Lucienne says that the two clay shapes are the same.Lucienne's reasoning indicates that Lucienne
A)has entered the sensorimotor stage of development.
B)is capable of reversing a mental action applied to a real,concrete object.
C)has entered the symbolic function substage of the preoperational stage of development.
D)is capable of understanding the falsity of animism.
Q3) Which of the following is a characteristic of gifted people?
A)They tend to be less mature than an average person.
B)They tend to have fewer emotional problems than others.
C)They are socially maladjusted.
D)They have some type of mild mental disorder.
Q4) Describe the Wechsler scales.
Q5) Compare and contrast critical thinking and creative thinking.
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Chapter 13: Socioemotional Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jane and Cara often speak to each other about happenings at school,their weekend plans,or even something new they learned.Their friendship grew even more when Jane's parents separated and Cara was there to listen to Jane's fears about her parents' impending divorce.Cara then told her how her parents fought very often too and that she was fearful that her parents may opt for a divorce as well.The communication in their friendship is characterized by
A)relational aggression.
B)self-assertion.
C)features of report talk.
D)intimacy.
Q2) ________ children are infrequently nominated as someone's best friend and are actively disliked by their peers.
A)Controversial
B)Average
C)Neglected
D)Rejected
Q3) What are the five different peer statuses?
Q4) What are Gilligan's criticisms of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
Page 17
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Chapter 14: Physical Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Concerns about attractiveness,questions about how to engage in sexual activity,and incorporating sexuality into identity are most prominent during
A)late childhood.
B)adolescence.
C)middle adulthood.
D)late adulthood.
Q2) Approximately what percentage of U.S.15-year-olds reported having a meaningful relationship outside of their family with a caring adult that helped them to succeed?
A)5 percent
B)20 percent
C)50 percent
D)75 percent
Q3) According to your text,sexual identities emerge in the context of physical,social,and ________ factors.
A)cultural
B)intellectual
C)unknown
D)informational
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18
Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Summarize some of the recommendations of the 1989 report Turning Points: Preparing American Youth for the Twenty-First Century for how to improve American middle schools.
Q2) Moving from the oldest student in middle school to the youngest in high school is known as the
A)top-of-the-heap phenomenon.
B)bottom-of-the-pile phenomenon.
C)top-dog phenomenon.
D)younger sibling syndrome.
Q3) A recent study linked higher levels of church engagement with increased
A)delinquency in adolescents.
B)suicidal ideation in adolescents.
C)risky behavior in adolescents.
D)academic performance in adolescents.
Q4) Driving recklessly at high speeds is an example of ________ invulnerability.
A)psychological
B)natural
C)danger
D)induced
Q5) What is adolescent egocentrism? What are its key components?
Page 19
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eriksonian researcher James Marcia argues that Erikson's theory of identity development contains four statuses of identity.Which of the following is one of these four statuses?
A)Identity inquisition
B)Identity stagnation
C)Identity evolution
D)Identity diffusion
Q2) Adolescents are more likely to confirm to peers when they A)are sure about their social identity.
B)have high self-esteem.
C)are in the presence of someone they perceive to have higher status than themselves. D)experience low levels of social anxiety.
Q3) According to Erik Erikson's theory,what are the consequences of an adolescent failing to resolve an identity crisis?
Q4) Suicidal behavior is MOST likely to occur in A)middle childhood.
B)late childhood.
C)adolescence.
D)emerging adulthood.
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