Psychology Capstone Seminar
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
The Psychology Capstone Seminar is a culminating experience designed for advanced undergraduate psychology students to integrate and apply knowledge acquired throughout their coursework. The seminar emphasizes critical analysis, synthesis of psychological theories, and advanced research methods as students engage in discussions of current topics, ethical considerations, and contemporary issues in psychology. Through collaborative projects, presentations, and independent research, students demonstrate their proficiency in psychological inquiry and prepare for transition to graduate study or professional practice.
Recommended Textbook
Pioneers of Psychology A History 4th Edition by Raymond E. Fancher
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15 Chapters
450 Verified Questions
450 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Foundational Ideas from Antiquity
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Descartes' theory of visual perception,
A) the mind's conscious percept bears no necessary relationship to the real observed object.
B) the mind's conscious percept is a nearly perfect replica of the real observed object.
C) the relationship between percept and object is inconsequential, so long as mechanical action is initiated.
D) the conscious percept is an inverted, double copy of the observed object.
Answer: B
Q2) Descartes hypothesized that when the pineal gland is moved by eddies and currents in the cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds it:
A) it causes all the nerves in the brain to be more open to the passage of animal spirits.
B) the soul becomes conscious of a passion.
C) the soul becomes conscious of an innate idea.
D) the body is immediately set into motion.
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Pioneering Philosophers of Mind:
Descartes,Locke,and Leibniz
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Sample Questions
Q1) Leibniz's conception of the mind-body relationship holding that monads do not mutually influence one another,but rather pursue independent but parallel and harmonious courses,is an example of:
A) Pantheism.
B) Interactive Dualism.
C) Psychophysical Parallelism.
D) The Psychophysical Law.
Answer: C
Q2) Leibniz defined apperception as:
A) the process by which ideas are accompanied by self-awareness and interpreted in terms of underlying laws and principles.
B) the process by which sensations in consciousness are responded to in light of prior learning and experience.
C) the experiencing of two or more ideas, either simultaneously or in rapid succession.
D) the interconnection of associations of various neurologically mediated stimulus-response connections, reflexes, or conditioning.
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Physiologists of Mind: Brain Scientists from Gall to Penfield
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why was Donald O.Hebb's seminal work entitled The Organization of Behavior (1949)important?
A) It related learning and other behavior to the hypothetical functioning of "neurological networks."
B) It confirmed many of the localization theories previously put forth by Broca and Wernicke.
C) It confirmed Penfield's epilepsy theories.
D) It related sensation and perception to the hypothetical functioning of "neurological networks."
Answer: A
Q2) A rare condition in which patients' only linguistic symptoms are frequent mispronunciations and an inability to repeat back what has been said to them is called:
A) Broca's aphasia.
B) sensory aphasia.
C) conduction aphasia.
D) oral aphasia.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: The Sensing and Perceiving Mind: From Kant
through the Gestalt Psychologists
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Sample Questions
Q1) Helmholtz's attempt to measure the speed of the nervous impulse in human subjects:
A) gave consistent results almost identical with those for the frog's nerve.
B) helped introduce the "reaction time" method into psychology.
C) indicated that the speed was too fast to be measurable in humans.
D) both a and b above
Q2) The "squareness" of a square and the musical melody are both examples of:
A) elements of consciousness.
B) elementary sensations.
C) Gestalt qualities.
D) figure-ground reversals.
Q3) According to Helmholtz's distinction,the discontinuous patches of colored light you experience when viewing a landscape are your ____________________,while the "trees," "grass," and "sky," etc.,you are aware of are_________________.
A) unconscious inferences; conscious inferences
B) perceptions; sensations
C) sensations; perceptions
D) primary colors; perceptions
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Chapter 5: Wundt and the Establishment of Experimental Psychology
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30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the major topics covered in Wundt's Völkerpsychologie was:
A) language.
B) mental chronometry.
C) the tri-dimensional theory of feeling.
D) all of the above
Q2) For Wundt,the most basic unit of thought is:
A) any word which expresses a distinct concept.
B) a "general impression" capable of being expressed by many different combinations of words.
C) a "train" of associated ideas.
D) an unconscious sensation.
Q3) Structuralism was an approach to experimental psychology that:
A) focused on the function of the mind rather than the biology of the brain.
B) focused on what the mind is rather than what the mind is for.
C) was completely in keeping with the Wundtian framework.
D) focused solely on physiology, omitting subjective introspection.
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Chapter 6: The Evolving Mind: Darwin and His Psychological Legacy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The English geologist Charles Lyell promoted and supported which geological theory?
A) catastrophism
B) natural selection
C) uniformitarianism
D) sexual selection
Q2) Darwin's so-called "variation hypothesis" suggests that:
A) males have been more modified by evolution and show more variation than females.
B) females have been more modified by evolution and show more variation than males.
C) males and females have been equally modified by evolution but males show more variation.
D) reproduction between males and females causes variation in the human species.
Q3) What was the most revolutionary aspect of Darwin's theory as published in his 1859 Origin of Species?
A) the notion of natural selection as the mechanism for evolution
B) the notion of the inheritance of acquired characteristics
C) the notion of evolution itself
D) all of the above
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Chapter 7: Measuring the Mind: Galton and Individual Differences
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Sample Questions
Q1) Galton's word association experiments may well have had an influence on:
A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Wilhelm Wundt.
C) Charles Darwin.
D) Gustav Fechner.
Q2) According to Galton's data in Hereditary Genius,which kinds of relatives are most likely to share the trait of eminence?
A) any relatives of the first three degrees, so long as they have similar environments
B) uncles and nephews
C) grandfathers and grandsons
D) brothers
Q3) Francis Galton's formal academic training was primarily in the fields of:
A) medicine and mathematics.
B) biology and psychology.
C) geography and statistics.
D) history and botany.
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9
Chapter 8: American Pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike
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Sample Questions
Q1) James's theory of emotion holds that emotions are:
A) the causes of internal bodily changes.
B) the perceptions of internal bodily changes.
C) unstable glandular responses to fleeting external stimuli.
D) the result of specific chemical secretions in the body.
Q2) Which the following was not one of G.Stanley Hall's important contributions?
A) founding of the American Psychological Association
B) introducing the term "adolescence" to a wide audience
C) conducting pioneering research on learning in animals
D) bringing Freud to America and publicizing his theory
Q3) Who was the first African American to earn a PhD in psychology?
A) Francis Cecil Sumner, supervised by Hall
B) Kenneth B. Clark, supervised by James
C) Mamie Phipps Clark, supervised by Thorndike
D) Francis Cecil Sumner, supervised by Calkins
Q4) Who was the first President of the American Psychological Association?
A) William James
B) G. Stanley Hall
C) Edward Lee Thorndike
D) Mary Calkins
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Chapter 9: Psychology as the Science of Behavior:
Pavlov,Watson,and Skinner
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary conditioned stimulus employed in Watson and Rayner's production of a conditioned emotional reaction in Little Albert was:
A) the sudden restriction of his movement.
B) a white rat.
C) the loud clanging of a steel bar.
D) a Santa Claus mask.
Q2) Which of the following did Watson advise for the successful rearing of babies and young children?
A) Repair doors so they won't bang unnecessarily.
B) Dress infants in loose clothing.
C) Avoid responding to their mishaps with physical affection.
D) all of the above
Q3) Watson's major purpose in conducting the "Little Albert" experiment was to:
A) demonstrate the instinctive fears of a human infant.
B) show that human beings are not as conditionable as animals.
C) show that behavioristic methods could be used on humans as well as animals.
D) prove that he could produce a conditioned emotional fear response.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Social Influence and Social Psychology: From
Mesmer to Milgram and Beyond
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was one of the pioneers in the use of mesmerism as a surgical anaesthetic?
A) Jean Charcot
B) The Marquis de Puységur
C) Gustave Le Bon
D) James Esdaile
Q2) When people in a crowd begin behaving the same way they see their neighbors behaving,they illustrate:
A) hypersuggestibility.
B) the social contagion effect.
C) a craze.
D) the autosuggestive effect.
Q3) The model Charcot followed in specifying types and formes frustes for the illnesses he studied was first suggested by:
A) grand mal and petit mal epilepsy.
B) major and minor hysteria.
C) poliomyelitis.
D) hypnotism.
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Chapter 11: Mind in Conflict: Freudian Psychoanalysis and Its
Successors
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cathartic method for treating hysteria was first developed by:
A) Josef Breuer.
B) Sigmund Freud.
C) Jean Charcot.
D) Hippolyte Bernheim.
Q2) Freud's conception of the mind implies that the best adjustment one can hope to make to the human condition is to:
A) effect reasonable compromises among inherently conflicting demands.
B) undo most repressions so the instincts can be more fully gratified.
C) learn to get along without childish pleasures.
D) adjust one's values so they are in accord with one's society.
Q3) Because it considered more than just conscious processes,Freud referred to his general theory of mental functioning as:
A) Psychoanalysis.
B) Dynamic psychology.
C) Metapsychology.
D) Neuropsychology.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Psychology Gets "Personality":
Allport,Maslow,and the Broadening Field
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs,beginning at the bottom?
A) esteem needs, physiological needs, safety needs, love/belonging needs, self-actualization
B) physiological needs, love/belonging needs, safety needs, esteem needs, self-actualization
C) physiological needs, safety needs, love/belonging needs, esteem needs, self-actualization
D) safety needs, physiological needs, love/belonging needs, esteem needs, self-actualization
Q2) Maslow's original two examples of people he regarded as self-actualized personalities were:
A) Harry Harlow and William Sheldon.
B) Ruth Benedict and Max Wertheimer.
C) Alfred Adler and Kurt Goldstein.
D) Carl Rogers and Gordon Allport.
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14
Chapter 13: The Developing Mind: Binet,Piaget,and the Study of Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) A child who thinks he gets more meat by cutting up one large piece into several smaller ones illustrates the particular inability which is characteristic of Piaget's ___________ stage.
A) concretely operational
B) formally operational
C) preoperational
D) preverbal
Q2) Binet's major purpose in developing his intelligence tests was to:
A) help diagnose retarded children.
B) identify the best breeding stock for eugenic purposes.
C) learn how people think about complicated problems.
D) test for the effect of suggestibility on academic performance.
Q3) The idea of summarizing the result of children's intelligence test results by a "quotient," the ratio of mental age to chronological age,was first proposed by:
A) William Stern.
B) Lewis Terman.
C) Theodore Simon.
D) Charles Spearman.
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Chapter 14: Minds,Machines,and Cognitive Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alan Turing did all of the following except:
A) propose a test for determining if a calculating machine was "intelligent."
B) conceive of an architecture for a universal calculating machine.
C) help break German codes during World War II.
D) receive high honors from the British government for his wartime contributions.
Q2) In creating Boolean algebra,George Boole:
A) actualized Leibniz's dream of formally uniting the fields of logic and computational mathematics.
B) laid the groundwork for Whitehad and Russell's Principia Mathematica (1910-1913), which provided a seemingly definitive resolution of all mathematics into the terms of symbolic logic.
C) demonstrated that mathematical "symbolic logic" could deal with logical problems along with those of magnitude and number.
D) all of the above
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16
Chapter 15: Applying Psychology: From the Witness Stand to the
Workplace
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Sample Questions
Q1) To Leta Hollingworth,the professionalization of clinical psychology involved:
A) specifying a doctoral degree as the minimum requirement for clinical practice.
B) working to develop advertising campaigns so the public would know the difference between psychologists and psychiatrists.
C) creating a professional degree that would emphasize clinical training.
D) both a and c above
Q2) "Psychotherapeutics" in American culture in the early 20?? century included all of the following,except:
A) psychophysics.
B) faith healing.
C) Christian science.
D) the Emmanuel Movement.
Q3) "Therbligs" refers to:
A) a unique form of psychotechnics.
B) a unit referring to the 18 independent motions of the hand.
C) a polygraph machine mechanism.
D) a key concept underlying the belief in functional periodicity.
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