Psychology and the Law Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Psychology and the Law explores the intersection between psychological principles and the legal system, examining how human behavior, cognition, and mental processes influence legal practices and policies. The course covers key topics such as eyewitness testimony, jury decision-making, criminal responsibility, competency, risk assessment, and the psychological evaluation of victims and offenders. Through case studies and empirical research, students will analyze the ways psychological knowledge contributes to law enforcement, courtroom procedures, legal decision-making, and corrections, while also considering contemporary debates and ethical issues facing practitioners in forensic psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Forensic Psychology 3rd Edition by Joanna
Pozzulo
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14 Chapters
599 Verified Questions
599 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Forensic Psychology
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40 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What would be considered the most ethical behaviour for a psychologist who is hired as an expert witness?
A) provide testimony consistent with the party that hired you
B) ensure that both the defence and the prosecution have an expert witness
C) provide testimony relevant to the case as you understand it
D) discuss your testimony with both the defence team and the prosecution team
E) provide only a written report rather than testify in person
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following psychologists would be most interested in the expert testimony provided by Von Schrenck-Notzing in 1896?
A) a psychologist interested in the diagnosis of juvenile delinquents
B) a psychologist interested in the effect of pre-trial press coverage
C) a psychologist interested in the problems with hypnotic interviewing
D) a psychologist interested in the accuracy of child eyewitnesses
E) a psychologist interested in lie detection
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Police Psychology
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a psychologist involved in police selection,which measure(s)would you be most confident in administering to an applicant if your goal was to accurately predict their future job performance?
A) IPI
B) SILS
C) MMPI
D) MMPI-2
E) the combined results of the MMPI and the MMPI-2
Answer: A
Q2) Police officers are exposed to a wide range of stressors.Experiencing shift work and being exposed to human suffering are examples of:
A) public stressors
B) organizational stressors
C) criminal justice stressors
D) occupational stressors
E) selection stressors
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Psychology of Police Investigations
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the domain of geographic profiling,it is more likely that a __________ can be accurately profiled than a __________.
A) travelling offender/non-travelling offender
B) non-travelling offender/travelling offender
C) non-serial offender/serial offender
D) serial offender/sequential offender
E) commuter/marauder
Answer: B
Q2) The RCMP's VICLAS system was primarily established in an attempt to remedy the problem of:
A) linkage blindness
B) ambiguous profiles
C) racial profiling
D) police officer bias
E) geographic profiling
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Deception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Comparison Question Test has been criticized for:
A) being susceptible to countermeasures
B) having a high false-false rate
C) using subjective methods of scoring
D) assuming that innocent suspects will show larger responses to the comparison questions as compared to the relevant
E) all of the above
Q2) Which of the following statements is false?
A) Liars consistently provide fewer details than truth-tellers.
B) Truth-tellers are less likely to change their stories.
C) Liars are less likely to admit to lack of memory.
D) Liars' stories are less fluent than the stories of truth-tellers.
E) Liars tell less compelling stories than truth-tellers.
Q3) According to research findings,the most probable explanation of malingering is captured by:
A) a pathogenic model
B) a criminological model
C) an adaptational model
D) an antisocial model
E) none of the above
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Chapter 5: Eyewitness Testimony
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Sample Questions
Q1) On the basis of the research you have read in the textbook,list five recommendations that you would make to police forces regarding how they should conduct police lineups.
Q2) What is the critical difference between a simultaneous lineup and a sequential lineup?
A) Sequential lineups typically involve biased instructions.
B) Sequential lineups require absolute judgments.
C) Simultaneous lineups require absolute judgments.
D) Simultaneous lineups typically include more foils.
E) Sequential lineups require relative judgments.
Q3) What is the most common research method for studying eyewitness issues?
A) field study
B) archival research
C) laboratory simulation study
D) recall study
E) recognition study
Q4) Distinguish between a system variable and an estimator variable as related to eyewitness research.Provide one example of each.
Q5) Distinguish between a simultaneous and a sequential lineup.
Q6) State two difficulties with the use of hypnosis in the eyewitness context.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Child Victims and Witnesses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was not a contributing factor to the renewed interest in research on child witnesses in the 1970s?
A) Expert psychological testimony was becoming more acceptable in the courtroom.
B) Social scientists were interested in research that could be applied to real-world problems.
C) There was increased interest by social scientists in applied research.
D) There was increase in adult eyewitness research.
E) All of the above were contributing factors to the renewed interest in child witness research.
Q2) Criterion-Based Content Analysis (CBCA)is part of which more comprehensive protocol?
A) step-wise interview
B) narrative elaboration
C) cognitive interview
D) statement validity analysis
E) National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Interview protocol
Q3) Describe the changes made to the competency inquiry with the enactment of Bill C-2 (2006).
Q4) Name and briefly explain the first five steps of the Step-Wise Interview.
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Chapter 7: Juries: Fact Finders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following defendant characteristics has been found to influence a verdict?
A) criminal history
B) mental health
C) occupation
D) marital status
E) sex
Q2) Which research method is able to establish cause-and-effect relationships?
A) archives
B) simulation studies
C) post-trial interviews
D) field studies
E) all of the above
Q3) In the context of jury decision making,distinguish between the terms polarization,leniency bias,and black sheep effect.
Q4) List four proposed reforms for judges' instructions aimed at facilitating juror understanding.
Q5) Besides the method of placing a ban on pretrial publicity,name and explain two other methods that courts can employ to increase the likelihood of jury impartiality.
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Chapter 8: The Role of Mental Illness in Court
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Canada,the ____________ is the instrument used to assess criminal responsibility.
A) MacCAT-CA
B) FIT-R
C) R-CRAS
D) NCRMD
E) IFI
Q2) What are the four main objectives of mental health courts?
Q3) Which of the following dispositions can be made following a finding of NCRMD?
A) detention in a psychiatric facility
B) absolute discharge
C) conditional discharge
D) all of the above are potential dispositions
E) none of the above
Q4) Which of the following is not a scale included in the R-CRAS?
A) cognitive control
B) behavioural control
C) psychopathology
D) current emotional state
E) organicity
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Sentencing and Parole in Canada
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Canadian Criminal Code outlines several principles of sentencing.Which of the following is not included in these principles?
A) Sentences should be adjusted to account for relevant aggravating circumstances.
B) Sentences should be adjusted to account for relevant mitigating circumstances.
C) Judges should consider multiple goals when handing down sentences.
D) Where consecutive sentences are imposed, the combined sentence should not be unduly harsh.
E) If possible, sentences other than imprisonment should be considered.
Q2) Provide five general parole conditions that are sometimes specified by the National Parole Board (NPB).
Q3) The most common manner of examining public attitudes toward sentencing and parole is through:
A) simulation studies
B) focus groups
C) public opinion surveys
D) field studies
E) none of the above
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11
Chapter 10: Risk Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.James Grigson was a psychiatrist known to use a(n)_____________ approach to risk assessment.
A) unstructured clinical judgment
B) structured professional judgment
C) actuarial
D) anamnestic
E) risk factor
Q2) Actuarial risk assessment differs from unstructured clinical risk assessment on the basis of:
A) the objectivity of the criteria used
B) the differential effectiveness of each method
C) the uniformity of the criteria use
D) how the risk factors are selected for inclusion
E) all of the above
Q3) Name four ways in which female offenders differ from male offenders.
Q4) Using structured professional judgment,you wish to predict an offender's risk of violent recidivism.Of the assessment instruments described in your textbook,which one would you likely use?
Provide a brief description of your chosen instrument.
Q5) Name and define the two components of the risk assessment process.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Psychopaths
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study measuring psychopathy in a sample of community members ____ of these individuals scored zero on the PCL-SV.
A) 10%
B) 19%
C) 44%
D) 71%
E) 100%
Q2) A diagnosis of psychopathy does fulfill the disease of the mind requirement but it has never fulfilled the second requirement of:
A) knowing the victim
B) not appreciating the nature or quality of the act
C) previously having been committed in a psychiatric institute
D) having spent a night in a psychiatric facility
E) having a diagnosed mood disorder
Q3) Explain who Clifford Olson is and why he is famous.What changes have been made to Canadian legislation as a result of his request?
See p.295.
Q4) Name and describe the most widely used assessment tool for measuring psychopathic traits in adults.
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Chapter 12: Assessment and Treatment of Young Offenders
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the difference between reactive aggression and proactive aggression? Which is related to an earlier onset of problems?
Q2) The following therapy considers the influence of the family,peers,school,neighbourhood,and community environment:
A) parent training
B) cognitive training
C) dual systems approach
D) social-skills training
E) multisystemic therapy
Q3) Which of the following statements is false regarding externalizing problems in youth?
A) They are more difficult to treat than internalizing problems.
B) They are more likely to be experienced by males.
C) They are not very stable.
D) They focus on behavioural difficulties.
E) Internalizing problems might co-occur with externalizing difficulties.
Q4) Provide three criticisms of the Juvenile Delinquents Act (JDA).
Q5) Name the two types of adolescent offenders described by Moffitt.Provide two characteristics associated with each type of adolescent offender.
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Chapter 13: Intimate Partner Violence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Every time a man uses violence against his partner,he gets what he wants.This would be an example of a(n):
A) external punishment
B) observational punishment
C) aversive instigator
D) incentive instigator
E) self-punishment
Q2) Which of the following statements is true concerning criminal harassment (i.e.,stalking)?
A) Men are more likely to be victims of harassment than women.
B) Harassment is more common in university students than the general public.
C) Most people are harassed by strangers.
D) Women are more likely to underreport being victims of harassment than men.
E) None of the above statements are true.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true concerning domestic violence?
A) Domestic violence is not a common problem.
B) Only heterosexual women get battered.
C) Alcohol and/or drugs cause people to act aggressively.
D) The most dangerous time for a battered spouse is after separation.
E) When a woman gets hit by her partner, she has provoked him in some way.
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Chapter 14: Sexual Offenders
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Sample Questions
Q1) A murder that takes place during a sexual offence is considered:
A) first-degree murder
B) second-degree murder
C) manslaughter
D) third-degree murder
E) none of the above
Q2) Obtaining sexual gratification by watching others naked,undressing,or engaging in sexual activity is called:
A) fetishism
B) exhibitionism
C) voyeurism
D) frotteurism
E) necrophilia
Q3) Which of the following is not true regarding sexual offence statistics?
A) In 2008 the rate of sex offences per 100 000 population was 50 000.
B) Official statistics do not provide an accurate estimate of the true incidence of sex offences.
C) Children and youth have high victimization rates.
D) The majority of victims do not report sexual offences to the police.
E) none of the above
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