Psychology 101 Question Bank
Course Introduction
Psychology 101 is an introductory course that explores the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. Students will examine foundational concepts such as perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, emotion, and personality. The course also covers research methods used in psychology, introduces major psychological theories and perspectives, and discusses how psychological principles apply to everyday life. Through lectures, discussions, and practical examples, students gain an understanding of how psychologists investigate questions about the mind and behavior, laying the groundwork for further study in the field.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Psychology 11th Edition by James W. Kalat
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29 Chapters
4396 Verified Questions
4396 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following correctly states how a particular type of psychologist would study behavioral differences between boys and girls?
A)A cross-cultural psychologist would compare boys and girls in several countries.
B)A forensic psychologist would ask boys and girls to describe their thought processes.
C)A psychoanalyst would investigate brain differences between boys and girls.
D)An evolutionary psychologist would change the environment to try to get boys and girls to act the same way.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is a major concern of cross-cultural psychologists?
A)In what ways human behavior differs from that of other animal species
B)What is part of human nature, and what varies depending on our background
C)To what extent people understand the causes of their own behavior
D)What is the best way to teach children to behave ethically
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Scientific Methods in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does p < 0.05 mean?
A)The results are so unlikely that there has to be some explanation.
B)The results are so unlikely that we are entitled to look for an explanation.
C)The results are so unsurprising that we do not need an explanation.
D)The results are so hard to replicate that we should not look for an explanation.
Answer: B
Q2) If the results of an experiment indicate that p < 0.05,which of these is correct?
A)There is less than a 5 percent probability that chance produced this result.
B)Chance alone would produce this result less than 5 percent of the time.
C)We are 95 percent confident that the conclusion is correct.
D)We are less than 5 percent confident that the conclusion is correct.
Answer: B
Q3) What is meant by a "falsifiable" theory?
A)It is based on results that are not replicable.
B)Someone has reported evidence that contradicts the theory.
C)We can imagine evidence that would contradict the theory.
D)The theory disagrees with common sense.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: A: Scientific Methods in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some statistically significant results represent only random fluctuations in the data.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) A statement that leads to a clear prediction is called a ____________.
Answer: hypothesis
Q3) To say a result is replicable means that other investigators can get similar results.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) If someone makes an interesting claim,such as extrasensory perception,anyone who doubts it has the "burden of proof."
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) If different researchers consistently get similar results,we say the results are _________.
Answer: replicable
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Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do opiate drugs such as heroin and morphine reduce pain?
A)They prevent sodium from crossing the axon membrane.
B)They block reuptake of dopamine into presynaptic neurons.
C)They block pain receptors in the skin.
D)They bind to specific receptors in the brain.
Q2) How do genes influence development?
A)Genes combine with other chemicals to form membranes.
B)Genes control the production of proteins.
C)Genes conduct electrical charges.
D)Genes communicate between one cell and another.
Q3) Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)measures brain activity by what means?
A)It compares the amount of radiation emitted by cells in various brain areas.
B)It compares the electrical activity to the magnetic activity within each brain area.
C)It compares the electrical activity of a brain area to the volume of the area.
D)It compares the amount of oxygen attached to hemoglobin in various brain areas.
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Chapter 3: A: Biological Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ritalin (methylphenidate)works at the same synapses,by the same mechanism (except for how fast or slowly it works)as the often abused drug __________.
Q2) The part of the nervous system most important for controlling the heart,digestive organs,and other organs is the __________.
Q3) People become temporarily motion blind while they are making voluntary eye movements.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Some people can indicate where a visual stimulus occurred even though they weren't conscious of seeing it.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Marijuana decreases the release of both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
A)True
B)False
Q6) If you lose part of your brain,you lose part of your mind.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you misjudge the distance to something you see,what will you probably also misjudge?
A)Its brightness
B)Its size
C)Its color
D)Its direction of movement
Q2) Which condition might cause someone to insist that some melody smells like a rose?
A)Huntington's disease
B)Confabulation
C)Motion parallax
D)Synesthesia
Q3) You stare at narrow black-and-white lines for a minute and then look at wider lines.The second set of lines appears even wider than usual.What did staring at the first set of lines cause?
A)Retinal disparity
B)Fatigue of feature detectors
C)A shift in the signal-detection function
D)Motion parallax
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Page 8
Chapter 4: A: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) People taste very dilute sugar or salt solutions more easily than equally dilute bitter substances.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is a feature detector,and what evidence do we have for feature detectors?
Q3) Certain drugs that relieve physical pain can relieve hurt feelings also.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Subliminal messages to improve memory,quit smoking,or lose weight are no more effective than a placebo.
A)True
B)False
Q5) About a thousand years ago,an Arab scholar demonstrated that we see because light enters the eyes.
A)True
B)False
Q6) A subliminal message to buy popcorn increases people's likelihood of buying it. A)True
B)False
Q7) The retinal receptors adapted for color vision are the _______.
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Chapter 5: Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Infants show object permanence if the investigator measures which of the following?
A)How long infants stare at an apparently impossible event
B)Where infants hold their hands after seeing a toy covered or hidden
C)How often the infant looks back and forth between the mother and the experimenter
D)What sounds the infant makes after seeing a toy covered or hidden
Q2) Differences in the tendency to be active or inactive,outgoing or reserved,are known as what?
A)Parasympathetic tone
B)Dysphoria
C)Temperament
D)Schemata
Q3) A psychologist wishes to study whether students who do well on the first test also do well on the final exam.What type of research does this question require?
A)A single-blind experiment
B)A double-blind experiment
C)A longitudinal study
D)A cross-sectional study
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Chapter 5: A: Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Piaget's first stage,marked by simple responses to current stimuli,is known as the ____________ stage.
Q2) Expressions of anger tend to be more effective in the United States than in Asia.
A)True B)False
Q3) Infants may or may not seem to understand object permanence,depending on how we test them.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to terror-management theory,how do people react to reminders that they will die?
Q5) To measure or predict attachment behavior in a 3-month-old infant,a parent plays with a child and then shifts to an unresponsive,unexpressive face.This procedure is called the _____-_____ Paradigm.
Q6) When newborns hear a sound,they increase their sucking.After some repetitions of the sound,their sucking decreases.If a change in the sound increases their sucking,we say that it produced _________________.
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Page 11
Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Operant conditioning and classical conditioning apply primarily to what type of responses?
A)Operant conditioning: skeletal responses. Classical conditioning: visceral responses.
B)Operant conditioning: visceral responses. Classical conditioning: skeletal responses.
C)Operant conditioning: reflexive responses. Classical conditioning: skeletal responses.
D)Operant conditioning: visceral responses. Classical conditioning: reflexive responses.
Q2) Someone who became nauseated after eating a mushroom also avoids a similar but harmless mushroom.This behavior is an example of what?
A)Stimulus generalization
B)Stimulus discrimination
C)Spontaneous recovery
D)Extinction
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Chapter 6: A: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) As soon as the TV show Jeopardy! is over,Tom feeds his dog.Now the dog starts salivating as soon as the program ends.Identify the UCS,UCR,CS,and CR.
Q2) In classical and operant conditioning,any stimulus can be paired equally easily with any possible outcome.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The individual's behavior controls the presence or absence of reinforcement in both classical and operant conditioning.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If one stimulus predicts a second stimulus,which occurs regardless of the individual's behavior,then this type of learning is __________ conditioning.
Q5) Correlational studies have found that children who are spanked tend to be more aggressive and more prone to antisocial behavior later in life when compared to other children.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe how classical conditioning could explain drug tolerance.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following occurs when the hippocampus forms many new neurons?
A)Improved procedural learning but impaired declarative learning
B)Improved reaction times but impaired accuracy of responses
C)Improved language comprehension but impaired language production
D)Improved learning but more rapid forgetting
Q2) After damage to the hippocampus,what type of amnesia did patient H.M.suffer?
A)Retrograde amnesia for procedural memories
B)Anterograde amnesia for procedural memories
C)Anterograde amnesia for implicit memories
D)Anterograde amnesia for declarative memories
Q3) When you read the word tie on a list,you think of it as a tie score in a game.Later when someone asks what word on the list refers to something to wear,you don't think of tie.Why not?
A)Serial order effect
B)Anterograde amnesia
C)Representativeness heuristic
D)Encoding specificity
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Chapter 7: A: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) People with Korsakoff's syndrome confabulate on all types of questions,even nonsensical ones.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Memory of principles and facts,such as what you learn in school,is a special kind of declarative memory known as __________ memory.
Q3) Define executive functioning and describe one way to measure it.
Q4) If you want to remember something for as long as possible,and you plan to spend 10 hours studying,it is best to study the material for 10 hours all at once.
A)True
B)False
Q5) You read a list of words including envelope,address,stamp,and seal.Later someone asks you what word on the list refers to a kind of animal,and you do not think of the word seal.This result is an example of the __________ specificity principle.
Q6) People memorize a list of words best if they think about each word and form as many associations as possible with each word.This is known as the ____________________ principle.
Q7) What are several ways in which memory is different from replaying a recording?
Page 15
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Chapter 8: Cognition and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a common advantage when people use a maximizing strategy?
A)A better than average decision, according to objective criteria
B)A tendency to be content with the decision, both immediately and later
C)A cheaper than average decision
D)A quicker than average decision
Q2) If you are trying to decide whether someone is reaching for his wallet (common)or reaching for a gun (rare),what should you consider?
A)Base-rate information
B)The maximizing strategy
C)The framing effect
D)Functional fixedness
Q3) Suppose you hear one syllable while the lip movements that you see imply a different syllable.What do you perceive?
A)You perceive the syllable you heard.
B)You perceive what the lip movements implied.
C)You perceive a compromise between the two.
D)You perceive both the sound you heard and the one the lips implied.
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Chapter 8: A: Cognition and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) How fast young children progress through stages of language development depends mainly on how often they hear their parents and other people talking.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When people imagine whether one object could rotate to match another object,we can use a graph to predict how long they will think about it before answering.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One hypothesis about language is that humans evolved language as an accidental by-product of evolving overall intelligence.What evidence argues against that hypothesis?
Q4) Talking on a cell phone distracts a driver,and so does listening to a passenger who is talking on a cell phone.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Attention deficit disorder is treated by behavioral methods or by drugs.The most frequently used category of drugs is _______
Q6) The most typical or familiar examples of a category are known as __________.
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Chapter 9: Intelligenceintelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The observation that each generation tends to do better than the previous generation on IQ tests is known as what?
A)The Stroop effect
B)Spearman's g factor
C)The Flynn effect
D)The depth of processing principle
Q2) What resemblance between twins occurs in their IQ scores?
A)Monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins resemble each other to an equal degree.
B)Monozygotic twins resemble each other more closely than dizygotic twins do.
C)Dizygotic twins resemble each other more closely than monozygotic twins do.
D)Monozygotic twins resemble each other more closely in childhood, but both types of twin resemble each other equally in adulthood.
Q3) IQ scores tend to be lowest in which countries?
A)Countries with the highest levels of gluten in the diet
B)Countries in which one political party has been in power for a long time
C)Countries with the coldest weather in the middle of winter
D)Countries with the greatest prevalence of infectious diseases
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Chapter 9: A: Intelligence Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Flynn effect is mostly due to improved education.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Classifying someone as intellectually "gifted" implies that the person has an IQ score of at least _________.
Q3) We can use IQ scores to explain why one child does better in school than another child does.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Charles Spearman identified a g factor in intelligence.The g stands for _______.
Q5) If you have been told that your group tends to do poorly on a particular test,you become distracted and fail to perform as well as you could.This tendency is known as ______ _______.
Q6) The process of establishing rules for administering a test and for interpreting its scores is known as ____________________.
Q7) If one group does better on some test,on average,than another group does,we can conclude that the test is biased.
A)True
B)False
Page 19
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Chapter 10: Consciousnessconsciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers present a series of stimuli,but prevent you from being conscious of certain ones of those stimuli.What happens when you are conscious of a stimulus?
A)The pineal gland becomes active.
B)The corpus callosum prevents the left and right hemispheres from synchronizing.
C)Brain activity becomes confined to one central area.
D)Activity spreads more widely in the brain.
Q2) Which of these can hypnosis achieve effectively?
A)To improve the accuracy of memory
B)To reduce pain
C)To give people strength far beyond their normal capacity
D)To alleviate the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease
Q3) What is characteristic of someone in a vegetative state?
A)No brain activity and no response to any stimulus
B)Low, steady brain activity and no response to any stimulus
C)Limited responsiveness, such as increased heart rate in response to pain
D)Brief periods of purposeful actions and speech comprehension
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Chapter 10: A: Consciousnessconsciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) A dream that occurs when the person is aware of being asleep and dreaming is called a _______ dream.
Q2) The major postural muscles are most relaxed during the _____ sleep stage.
Q3) In trials with less and less backward masking,you would gradually move from being totally unconscious of a stimulus to being partly conscious,a bit more conscious,and so forth.
A)True
B)False
Q4) During the time of sleep when the brain is most active,the muscles are least active. A)True
B)False
Q5) What evidence suggests that some people in a vegetative state may be conscious?
Q6) The highest prevalence of long,slow,high-amplitude brain waves occurs during ______ sleep.
Q7) Dreaming occurs only during REM sleep.
A)True
B)False
Q8) Describe the key differences between REM sleep and other stages of sleep.
Q9) Briefly describe sleep apnea and narcolepsy.
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Chapter 11: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these trends has occurred over the last 100 years in the United States and Europe?
A)The average difference between husband's age and wife's age has more than doubled.
B)The average delay between puberty and marriage has more than doubled.
C)The percentage of men reporting satisfaction with their sex life has more than doubled.
D)The percentage of couples having more than two children has more than doubled.
Q2) People who received half-off coupons at a pizza buffet ate less than average.What conclusion did the researchers draw?
A)People who eat a less expensive meal eat more rapidly.
B)People assume that less expensive food is less tasty.
C)People's appetite depends on hormones more than it does on taste.
D)People try to eat until they get their money's worth.
Q3) What is the difference between allostasis and homeostasis?
A)Allostasis refers to maintaining a constant level of some variable.
B)Allostasis refers to trying to minimize the level of some variable.
C)Allostasis refers to adaptively changing the level of some variable.
D)Allostasis refers to substituting one variable for another.
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Chapter 11: A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors
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Q1) According to drive-reduction theories,people are motivated to satisfy all their needs and then become inactive.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In most cases,people with anorexia nervosa showed signs of anxiety or depression before becoming anorexic.
A)True B)False
Q3) Overweight people are more than twice as likely as other people to be seriously depressed.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A condition in which people alternate between eating huge amounts and eating almost nothing is known as __________ ___________.
Q5) Just putting a larger portion of food on the plate influences people to eat more. A)True
B)False
Q6) What causes some children to be born with an intersex anatomy?
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Chapter 12: Part 1 Emotions,stress,and
Healthemotions,stress,and Health
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Q1) Why is a comparison of happiness between two countries difficult to interpret?
A)More psychologists live in some countries than in others.
B)The laws about informed consent for research differ among countries.
C)The meaning of a self-rating varies among countries.
D)Some countries have much larger populations than others do.
Q2) A polygraph attempts to detect lies by measuring what?
A)Attention
B)Eye movements
C)Nervousness
D)Coordination
Q3) What would count as stress,under Selye's definition of stress?
A)Any event that caused a major change in a person's life
B)Only the events that the person regarded as highly unpleasant
C)Only the difficult circumstances that were present beginning in childhood
D)Only the experiences that lead to a feeling of rejection by other people
Q4) How much do smiling,frowning,laughing,and crying vary among cultures?
A)Each of these occurs in some cultures and not in others.
B)Smiling and laughing occur in all cultures, but frowning and crying vary.
C)These expressions occur in all cultures, and their meaning is the same in all.
D)These expressions occur in all cultures, but their meaning varies.
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Chapter 12: A: Emotional,stress,and
Healthemotional,stress,and Health
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Q1) Most people who experience extremely traumatic events develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
A)True
B)False
Q2) The study of the features that enrich life,such as happiness,hope,creativity,courage,spirituality,and responsibility,is known as __________ psychology.
Q3) One of the main problems facing the developers of emotional intelligence tests is determining what the correct answers are.
A)True
B)False
Q4) People who cried in a sad situation feel less depressed afterward than those who didn't.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Sad people tend to make impulsive decisions without considering the evidence. A)True
B)False
Q6) The brain area most responsible for variations in the level of anxiety is the
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Chapter 13: Social Psychologysocial Psychology
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Q1) What is the "sleeper effect"?
A)A message is more persuasive if it is accompanied by soft, soothing background music.
B)People often wake up thinking about a persuasive message they heard the day before.
C)People might reject a message at first and then accept it later.
D)If you listen to a message while you are asleep, it becomes highly persuasive.
Q2) When are you most likely to offer help to a person who appears possibly hurt?
A)When you are not sure whether the person needs help
B)When you are in a hurry
C)When you are surrounded by people you don't know
D)When you are alone
Q3) What term refers to assuming that everyone else understands what is happening better than you do?
A)Cognitive dissonance
B)Social loafing
C)Diffusion of responsibility
D)Pluralistic ignorance
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Chapter 13: A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology
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Q1) The actor-observer effect is the tendency to attribute the behavior of other people mostly to ____________________ causes.
Q2) Sometimes a group pressures members into suppressing their doubts and supporting an ill-advised decision.This process is called _________.
Q3) One method of measuring prejudices or other attitudes that people don't want to admit is the __________ association test.
Q4) Far more people will conform if they are outnumbered ten to one than if they are outnumbered only three to one.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Suppose you hear someone you regard as unintelligent suggest a new idea.At first you ignore the idea,but later you forget who said it,and start to take it seriously.This tendency is known as the _________ effect.
Q6) Many people deny having racial or other prejudices,and it seems likely that many of them are reporting incorrectly.Name and describe a method that social psychologists use to measure prejudices or other attitudes that people don't want to admit.
Q7) An unfavorable attitude toward a group of people is called ________.
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Chapter 14: Personalitypersonality
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Q1) In Freud's theory,what is the "ego"?
A)A set of biological drives that seek gratification
B)The memory of rules and prohibitions that our parents taught
C)The system that moves thoughts from the conscious mind into the unconscious
D)The rational part of personality that makes decisions
Q2) The NEO PI-R is based on which theory of personality?
A)Sigmund Freud's theory
B)Carl Jung's theory
C)Learning theory
D)The Big Five theory
Q3) In Freud's theory,what is the "id"?
A)A set of biological drives that seek gratification
B)The memory of rules and prohibitions that our parents taught
C)The system that moves thoughts from the conscious mind into the unconscious
D)The rational part of personality that makes decisions
Q4) What was Freud's concept of denial?
A)Refusal to believe something
B)Making an unpleasant thought or memory unconscious
C)Returning to the behavior of an earlier age of life
D)A large river in Egypt
Page 29
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Chapter 14: A: Personalitypersonality
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Q1) A test that tries to measure some aspect of your personality,without your being aware that it is a personality test,is called a(n)_______________ personality test.
Q2) In Freud's theory,attempting to reduce your anxiety by attributing your own undesirable characteristics to other people is called ____________.
Q3) If researchers have established rules and norms for how to administer a test and interpret each individual's results,then the test is said to be_______________.
Q4) The strong similarity in personality between parents and their adopted children indicates a strong influence of family environment on personality development.
A)True B)False
Q5) The research evidence strongly supports Freud's concept of repression. A)True B)False
Q6) The earliest of Freud's stages of psychosexual development,the one characteristic of infants,is the _______ stage.
Q7) The opposite of emotional stability is ____________.
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Chapter 15: Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and
Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment
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295 Verified Questions
295 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which therapy concentrates on changing people's interpretation of events?
A)Behavior therapy
B)Cognitive therapy
C)Psychodynamic therapy
D)Person-centered therapy
Q2) What is an alternative to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?
A)Smaller than average ventricles
B)Inability to metabolize acetaldehyde into acetic acid
C)Inability to metabolize phenylalanine
D)Deficient release of glutamate
Q3) Compared to the mid-1900s,how is psychotherapy different today?
A)Therapists are less likely to attempt to make a specific diagnosis.
B)Health insurance pays the cost for a high percentage of clients.
C)Therapy concentrates on talk, without use of antidepressants or other drugs.
D)Therapy is likely to last for more sessions.
Q4) In psychoanalysis,what does "transference" mean?
A)Advancing from one stage of psychosexual development to another
B)Moving unpleasant thoughts or motives into your unconscious
C)Reacting to your therapist as you would toward your parents
D)Attributing your unpleasant attributes to other people
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Chapter 15: A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and
Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26441
Sample Questions
Q1) In the United States and Britain,how does a court determine whether someone accused of a crime is not guilty by reason of insanity?
Q2) Schizophrenia is more common in rural areas and small towns.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A drug sometimes used in the treatment of alcohol,because it alters the way the body metabolizes alcohol,is disulfiram,available under the trade name
Q4) Southeast Asians are less likely than most other people to become alcoholics or binge drinkers.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Almost all people with schizophrenia continue deteriorating steadily unless they receive treatment.
A)True
B)False
Q6) People whose only symptom is frequent,exaggerated worries are diagnosed with
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Q7) What evidence supports the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia?