Psychology 101 Practice Questions
Course
Introduction
Psychology 101 is an introductory course that explores the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Covering fundamental topics such as biological bases of behavior, learning, memory, perception, motivation, development, personality, and psychological disorders, the course provides students with a broad understanding of psychological concepts, theories, and research methods. By examining real-world applications and engaging in critical thinking, students gain insight into both individual and group behavior, contributing to a greater appreciation for how psychology impacts everyday life.
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Psychology 10th Edition by Douglas Bernstein
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Chapter 1: Introduction to the Science of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Achmed claims that men are more aggressive than women because in the past,being aggressive increased men's reproductive chances.Clarisse argues that this difference is a result of men being rewarded and women being punished for being aggressive.Achmed is taking the ____ approach,while Clarisse is taking the ____ approach to understanding aggressiveness.
A) evolutionary; behavioral
B) behavioral; biological
C) humanistic; biological
D) biological; behavioral
Answer: A
Q2) Psychology is best defined as the ____.
A) search for the most successful mental health treatments.
B) use of scientific methods to examine human consciousness
C) study of the human experience from birth to old age
D) science of behavior and mental processes
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Research in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher wants to know if intelligence is based more prominently on factors of family environment or on heredity.Her research focuses on identical twins who are raised together in the same home and those who were separated at birth and raised in different homes by different parents.According to the textbook,this researcher is conducting a(n)____ study.
A) sibling
B) adoption
C) twin
D) family
Answer: B
Q2) One can say that the results of a study are not statistically significant when the results ____.
A) could reasonably be expected to have occurred by chance
B) are extremely unlikely to have occurred by chance
C) are not scientifically valuable
D) are extremely unlikely to have occurred by chance and are not scientifically valuable
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Biological Aspects of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Veronica bent over in her garden to pick up a squash but bumped her head on a fence post and passed out.When she came to,she could not let go of the squash in her left hand; the hand would not open or close.She most likely injured cells in her ____ lobe.
A) right frontal
B) left frontal
C) right parietal
D) left parietal
Answer: A
Q2) After a back injury,Riamsalat has no feeling below his waist,though he can still move his legs and feet.Riamsalat has probably damaged his ____neurons.
A) motor
B) output
C) processing
D) sensory
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) When he watches the movie Halloween,Julio gets creeped out by the music.When you laugh at him,he says,"Those repetitive high notes on the piano scare me out of my mind! Even if I can barely hear the music,it still freaks me out." Julio is referring to the ____ of the music.
A) loudness
B) timbre
C) pitch
D) compression
Q2) Azul's job is to create an exhibit at the science museum that lets people walk through a giant "eye" so they can understand how it works.The current group of visitors has stepped through the pupil to see a structure that bends light rays and focuses them onto a surface at the back of the eye.This structure that bends and focuses the light rays is known as the ____.
A) lens
B) cornea
C) retina
D) pinna
Q3) Explain the theories that describe how people see color.
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6
Chapter 5: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) While she was growing up,Lindsay was repeatedly told by others that she simply does not understand math concepts and she'll never be any good at it.By the time Lindsay reaches high school math classes,she doesn't put any effort into the classes because she thinksthat no amount of effort will help her excel at math.This is an example of ____.
A) classical conditioning
B) higher-order conditioning
C) learned helplessness
D) stimulus discrimination
Q2) As the months pass,Kurt begins taking more and more heroin as each dose doesn't seem to give him the same high.Eventually,Kurt is addicted to heroin.According to opponent-process theory,____ may be the basis of Kurt's dangerous addiction.
A) sensitization
B) learning
C) habituation
D) classical conditioning
Q3) Explain the various types of intermittent schedules of reinforcement and how rates of responding differ for the different schedules.
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Chapter 5: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alexander learns the names of all fifty states of the United States while he is in a very happy mood.Later,while he was in a sad mood,he can remember only twenty of the states.However,when Alexander was again happy,he can remember all fifty states.The principle that best explains this memory effect is ____.
A) melancholic inhibition
B) positive facilitation
C) context-specific memory
D) mood congruency
Q2) While walking across the quad with your friend Dan,you run into an old girlfriend,Wendy.Only seconds after being introduced to Dan,Wendy says to him,"So,Stan,what's your major?" Noticing that Dan appears agitated about his name being messed up,you explain,"Hey,Dan,information is usually ____ encoded into short-term memory,and this kind of error is common."
A) visually
B) semantically
C) procedurally
D) acoustically
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Chapter 7: Thought and Language
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Q1) From the time he was born,Rory was raised in a home in which both English and Greek were spoken.The most likely result is that Rory has ___.
A) demonstrated superior cognitive flexibility
B) problems with concept formation
C) learned neither language well
D) acquired unique speech-generating properties
Q2) When asked why she decided to attend the University of Illinois over all the other Big Ten schools,Dornita said that the school's proximity to home was a major reason.The importance Dornita places on proximity is called ____.
A) weighted value
B) expectancy
C) objective value
D) utility
Q3) The sentence "The musician knowed a great tune to play" violates the rules of ____.
A) semantics
B) syntax
C) morphemes
D) deep structure
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9
Chapter 8: Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals diagnosed with intellectual development disorder ____.
A) vary greatly in their cognitive abilities and in their ability to function independently
B) are unable to live independently
C) are unable to work outside the home
D) have speech and communication impairments
Q2) Dwight,Pam,and Jim are having a debate about the nature of intelligence.Dwight argues that to understand intelligence,one need look only at the results of IQ tests.Pam says that one must consider many different tasks encountered in the real world,not just tests.Jim says that one must look to experimental evidence measuring processing speed,attentional resources,and memory capacity.Dwight adheres to the ____approach,Pam adheres to the ____approach,and Jim adheres to the ____approach.
A) information-processing; triarchic; psychometric
B) psychometric; information-processing; triarchic
C) psychometric; triarchic; information-processing
D) information-processing; psychometric; triarchic
Q3) The early days of IQ tests contained many misconceptions and abuses.Describe some of the errors and misuses of IQ tests during the early 1900s.
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Chapter 9: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jess memorizes a list of words.One week later,he is asked to write as many of the words as he can recall,but he remembers only a few of the words.Then Jess is asked to fill in the missing letters of word fragments.Some of the words on this task are from the list he had been asked to memorize a week ago,and some are not.Jess fills in the blanks of the words he had seen a week ago faster and more accurately,compared to words that had not been on the list.This study demonstrates the effect of ____.
A) parallel distributed processing
B) mnemonic strategies
C) priming
D) mental models
Q2) A sensory experience in the absence of the appropriate external stimuli is known as a(n)____.
A) delusion
B) obsession
C) hallucination
D) compulsion
Q3) Your friend learns you are taking psychology and asks you,"Why do people dream?" Based on the theories and research on dreams you've learned about in this course,what answer would you give your friend?
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Three-year-old Simeon is at the top of a tall and scary slide.At the bottom of the slide,Simeon's older brother is smiling and laughing.When Simeon sees this,he goes down the slide.Simeon's behavior is an example of ____.
A) social referencing
B) attribution
C) transferred excitation
D) social facilitation
Q2) Stone has just received the opportunity to advance to assistant manager at the car wash.He really wants the extra pay and the additional experience,but unfortunately,the only slot available for this new position is nights (midnight to 8:00 a.m.).What type of conflict is Stone facing?
A) approach-approach conflict
B) avoidance-avoidance conflict
C) approach-avoidance conflict
D) multiple approach-avoidance conflict
Q3) Explain why people date from the perspective of the four theories of motivation: instinct doctrine,drive reduction theory,arousal theory,and incentive theory.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wilhelmine,a ninety-year-old former accountant,has recently had difficulty balancing her checkbook and remembering to get her mail.Reading,which used to be her recreation in life,has now become difficult.Wilhelmine is most likely experiencing
A) a cognitive coping strategy
B) a midlife crisis
C) the generativity vs. stagnation crisis
D) terminal drop
Q2) Tim loves Sarah and asks her to marry him.He is disappointed when she says she needs time to think about whether she wants to make a lifelong commitment to him.According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development,Sarah is struggling with
A) trust vs. mistrust
B) integrity vs. despair
C) intimacy vs. isolation
D) generativity vs. stagnation
Q3) Bernadette is ten years old and in the fourth grade.Describe what may be occurring in her life according to Piaget,Erikson,and Kohlberg.
Q4) Describe the newborn's sensory and motor abilities.
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Chapter 12: Health, stress, and Coping
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Q1) When Alyson faces a stressful problem,she concentrates on controlling negative thoughts and reassuring herself that she can handle the situation.She also plans her day so that she doesn't have time to think about the problem.Alyson is using ____ coping to deal with her stress.
A) emotion-focused
B) outcome-oriented
C) solution generation
D) problem-focused
Q2) T-cells are leukocytes in the bloodstream that mature in the thymus and ____ other cells.
A) kill
B) mimic
C) engulf and digest
D) bind to
Q3) Describe the steps in a stress-coping program.
Q4) Which of the following is best classified as an emotional stress response?
A) ruminative thinking and a narrowed scope of attention
B) feelings of anxiety and depression
C) trembling hands and a shaky voice
D) increased heart rate and perspiration
14
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Chapter 13: Personality
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Q1) Marshall is a harsh,critical person.More often than not,he is in a bad mood and acts grumpily toward other people.According to Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory,Marshall is more likely to experience more negative emotions because ____.
A) he has an active behavioral approach system
B) his brain lacks reward centers
C) he has an active flight or freeze system
D) he has an insensitive punishment system
Q2) Hank is conducting research on cross-cultural differences in personality.He is investigating personality in Eastern cultures where the group is valued more than the individual.Which aspect of personality is least emphasized in these cultures?
A) maintaining harmonious relations
B) self-esteem
C) trying not to diminish others
D) sense of independence
Q3) Describe the three basic assumptions of the trait approach to personality,and explain the difference between a type and a trait.
Q4) If you were asked to assess your psychology instructor's personality,what methods would you use?
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Thomas Szasz,the concept of mental illness ____.
A) is inappropriate and harmful
B) seems perfectly appropriate
C) is appropriate only for behavior disorders with no clear physical basis
D) is inappropriate only for organic mental disorders
Q2) Biological,psychological,and social factors have all been suggested as contributing to somatic symptoms disorders.For example,illness anxiety disorder has been associated with abnormal ____.
A) social skills
B) cognitive factors
C) serotonin functioning
D) genetics
Q3) Spencer is about to be evaluated at his job,when he wakes up Monday morning and finds he is paralyzed and cannot go to work.On Friday evening,Spencer is miraculously able to walk again,yet the following Monday,he is once again paralyzed.Spencer is most likely suffering from ____ disorder.
A) panic
B) illness anxiety
C) conversion
D) generalized anxiety
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Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Haldol is a neuroleptic drug that works by blocking the receptors for dopamine.Therefore,Haldol acts as a dopamine ____.
A) antagonist
B) agonist
C) reuptake inhibitor
D) deactivist
Q2) The most significant difference between client-centered and Gestalt therapies is that Gestalt therapy ____.
A) incorporates more direct and dramatic methods
B) utilizes more free association techniques
C) does not include imaginary dialogue and role playing
D) has an eclectic approach to therapy
Q3) What is a community support service designed to help individuals develop the social and occupational skills necessary for semi-independent living?
A) behavior modification
B) institutionalization
C) psychosocial rehabilitation
D) unconditional positive regard
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Chapter 16: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a child is rewarded for stating a particular view,her or his attitude about that object or concept is influenced.This shows the importance of ____ in attitude formation.
A) operant conditioning
B) the mere-exposure effect
C) observational learning
D) classical conditioning
Q2) The Smurfs have to decide who will rescue Papa Smurf from the clutches of Gargamel.Most everyone agrees that Hefty Smurf should be the rescuer,but Grouchy Smurf is not so sure Hefty can pull it off.Grouchy listens to their reasons and decides that the argument for Hefty sounds legitimate.Grouchy Smurf has conformed to the other Smurfs' decision based on ____.
A) private acceptance
B) public conformity
C) social desirability
D) a descriptive norm
Q3) What are the key factors that influence whether you will be attracted to someone?
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Chapter 17: Industrial and Organizational Psychology
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Q1) Doctor Jen Etticks researches how genetic factors influence behavior and attitudes in the workplace.Her recent study of the influence of genetics on job satisfaction will most likely suggest that genetics ____.
A) heavily influence job satisfaction
B) influence workers' characteristics, which can influence job satisfaction
C) have no influence on job satisfaction
D) influence job satisfaction in identical twins only
Q2) Nora is an author who has spent the last six months writing a novel.Now that she has finished the novel,she is spending time catching up with family and friends.Nora's behavior is best explained by ____ theory.
A) existence, relatedness, growth
B) goal-setting
C) leader-member exchange
D) expectancy
Q3) Discuss the three main methods that employers use to measure the personal characteristics of job candidates.
Q4) Describe the characteristics of effective leaders in the workplace.
Q5) Discuss the personal and environmental factors that can affect job satisfaction.
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Chapter 18: Neuropsychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Next semester,you are enrolling in a Neuropsychology class.This class will involve the study of the relationship between ____.
A) heredity and environment
B) brain processes, behavior, and psychological functioning
C) neurotransmitters and hormones
D) personality, biology, and environment
Q2) You are required to find and critique a movie that portrays a neuropsychological disorder.You are looking for a movie in which a person's ability to be fully aware of the world around him is impaired.In other words,you are looking for a movie that portrays a(n)____.
A) amnestic disruption
B) consciousness disturbance
C) language disruption
D) perceptual disturbance
Q3) Yasuo has damaged his reticular formation.He is most likely to develop ____.
A) alexia without agraphia
B) phonemic but not semantic paraphasias
C) mild cognitive impairment
D) a persistent vegetative state
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Appendix A: Statistics in Psychological Research
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Q1) Maria and Juanita are identical twins.Therefore,they have ____.
A) the same phenotype and the same genotype
B) the same phenotype but not necessarily the same genotype
C) the same genotype but not necessarily the same phenotype
D) neither the same genotype nor the same phenotype
Q2) A cell in a human body has divided into two new cells.Because the cell divided through a process known as mitosis,how many chromosomes will be found in each of the two new cells?
A) 46
B) 32
C) 23
D) 16
Q3) If speaking with an Australian accent is controlled by a recessive gene,which combination would result in someone who speaks with an Australian accent?
A) recessive-recessive
B) dominant-recessive
C) dominant-dominant
D) recessive-recessive and dominant-recessive
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Chapter 20: Appendix B: Behavioral Genetics
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Q1) Abby,Chrissy,and Kate are teammates playing "Win,Lose,or Draw." They need exactly 10 points to win and must choose who will draw next.They have some statistics on the points each girl gets when she draws: Abby has a mean of 10 points,Chrissy has a median of 10 points,and Kate has a mode of 10 points.Which girl should draw to have the best chance of winning?
A) Abby
B) Chrissy
C) Kate
D) Both Kate and Abby
Q2) Descriptive statistics will allow you to compute ____.
A) a t-test
B) central tendency
C) the likelihood that results came about by chance
D) analysis of variance
Q3) What does it mean if the standard deviation of a distribution of quiz grades is 0?
A) An equal number of people received each grade (A, B, C, D, and E).
B) The distribution is a normal, bell-shaped curve.
C) Everyone in the class received the same grade or score.
D) Everyone in the class received a different grade.
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