Psychology 101 Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Psychology 101 offers a comprehensive introduction to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The course explores foundational concepts including biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, development, personality, and psychological disorders. Through lectures, discussions, and research exposure, students gain an understanding of major psychological theories, research methods, and the application of psychological principles to everyday life. This foundational course serves as a gateway to advanced topics in psychology and equips students with critical thinking skills for analyzing human behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Exploring Psychology 10th Edition by Myers
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Chapter 1: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ivan Pavlov pioneered the study of A) learning.
B) perception.
C) personality.
D) mental illness.
Answer: A
Q2) To assess reactions to a proposed tuition hike at her school,Ariana sent a questionnaire to every fifteenth person in the registrar's alphabetical listing of all currently enrolled students.Ariana is ensuring that her survey results are accurate by using
A) random assignment.
B) naturalistic observation.
C) replication.
D) random sampling.
Answer: D
Q3) Julie,a physics major,has difficulty believing that psychology is a science,because people cannot observe other people's thoughts and sensations.Explain how Edward Titchener and John B.Watson would have responded to Julie's skepticism regarding psychology's scientific status.
Answer: no answer
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Chapter 2: The Biology of Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neurotransmitters are molecules that travel across the A) cell body.
B) synaptic gap.
C) myelin sheath.
D) threshold.
Answer: B
Q2) A state in which the fluid outside an axon has a mostly positive charge and the fluid inside the axon has a mostly negative charge is called
A) the action potential.
B) the resting potential.
C) the refractory period.
D) depolarization.
Answer: B
Q3) Information from higher brain regions is transmitted to the medulla through the A) hypothalamus.
B) hippocampus.
C) amygdala.
D) thalamus.
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sleep apnea is a disorder involving
A) temporary cessations of breathing during sleep.
B) periodic uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness.
C) hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating weightlessly.
D) the excessive use of sleeping pills or other sleep-inducing drugs.
Answer: A
Q2) If heavy drinking follows a period of moderate drinking,people may poison themselves with an overdose because the moderate drinking
A) stimulates their secretion of serotonin.
B) reduces their body's level of free radicals.
C) depresses their vomiting response.
D) increases their inhibitions.
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following is a sleep-inducing hormone?
A) epinephrine
B) serotonin
C) norepinephrine
D) melatonin
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Developing Through the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive to most people that they immediately recognize it as shamefully immoral.This best illustrates that moral judgments may reflect
A) a rite of passage.
B) delay of gratification.
C) affectively laden intuitions.
D) formal operations.
Q2) When people recognize the inaccuracy of ethnic stereotypes and revise their beliefs,they are demonstrating the process of A) maturation.
B) assimilation.
C) imprinting.
D) accommodation.
Q3) According to Piaget,the preoperational stage is to the concrete operational stage as ________ is to ________.
A) assimilation;accommodation
B) object permanence;stranger anxiety
C) egocentrism;conservation
D) responsive parenting;temperament
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mr.Jen experiences distressing and recurrent urges to inflict suffering on other people in order to become sexually aroused.His difficulty best illustrates A) sexual orientation.
B) a paraphilia.
C) a sexual dysfunction.
D) erotic plasticity.
Q2) The human immunodeficiency virus has been found to be the cause of A) herpes.
B) refractory periods.
C) paraphilias.
D) AIDS.
Q3) At the beginning of the twentieth century,only one country in the world granted women the right to vote.Today,only one country in the world denies women this right.This best illustrates a dramatic shift in A) gender roles.
B) sexual orientation.
C) gender identity.
D) secondary sex characteristics.
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Chapter 6: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stimuli below the absolute threshold are said to be
A) adaptive.
B) primed.
C) subliminal.
D) transduced.
Q2) People hypnotized for pain relief may show brain activity in areas that receive sensory information but not in areas that normally process pain-related information.This fact most clearly supports
A) place theory.
B) the McGurk effect.
C) the volley principle.
D) dissociation theory.
Q3) If hikers perceive a hill as steeper when carrying heavy backpacks rather than light backpacks,this would best illustrate
A) embodied cognition.
B) synesthesia.
C) phantom limb sensations.
D) psychokinesis.
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Chapter 7: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) A fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n):
A) specified time period has elapsed.
B) unpredictable time period has elapsed.
C) specified number of responses have been made.
D) unpredictable number of responses have been made.
Q2) The infant Albert developed a fear of rats after a white rat was associated with a loud noise.In this example,fear of the white rat was the:
A) US.
B) UR.
C) CS.
D) CR.
Q3) Former crack cocaine users often feel a drug craving when they are again in places they associate with previous highs.Their reactions are best explained in terms of:
A) operant conditioning.
B) spontaneous recovery.
C) classical conditioning.
D) observational learning.
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Chapter 8: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Storage is to encoding as ________ is to ________.
A) recognition;recall
B) rehearsal;retrieval
C) retention;acquisition
D) explicit memory;implicit memory
Q2) Conscious memories of facts and personal experiences are called ________ memories.
A) echoic
B) procedural
C) explicit
D) iconic
Q3) Researchers observed that people exposed to very convincing arguments about the value of frequent toothbrushing tended to
A) quickly forget the arguments if they were in the habit of brushing frequently.
B) quickly forget the arguments if they were not in the habit of brushing frequently.
C) exaggerate how frequently they had brushed their teeth in the past.
D) exaggerate how infrequently they had brushed their teeth in the past.
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Chapter 9: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Binet and Simon designed a test of intellectual abilities in order to:
A) provide a quantitative estimate of inherited intellectual potential.
B) distinguish between academic and practical intelligence.
C) identify children likely to have difficulty learning in regular school classes.
D) assess general capacity for goal-directed adaptive behavior.
Q2) Overconfidence refers to the tendency to:
A) cling to our initial beliefs,even though they have been proven wrong.
B) search for information that supports our preconceptions.
C) underestimate the extent to which our beliefs and judgments are wrong.
D) judge the likelihood of an event based on its availability in memory.
Q3) The word chimps contains ________ phoneme(s)and ________ morpheme(s).
A) 5;2
B) 6;1
C) 2;5
D) 1;6
Q4) You have been hired by a large public school system to construct a musical aptitude test.Describe how you would standardize your test and assess its reliability and validity.Explain why it might be more difficult to develop a valid musical aptitude test than a reliable one.
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The arousal that lingers after an intense argument may intensify sexual passion.This best illustrates
A) the Cannon-Bard theory.
B) the spillover effect.
C) the low road of emotional processing.
D) parasympathetic activation.
Q2) Home-life satisfaction is more strongly predictive of subjective well-being in wealthy nations than in poor ones.This fact would be most clearly anticipated by:
A) arousal theory.
B) hierarchy of needs theory.
C) instinct theory.
D) drive-reduction theory.
Q3) Feelings of hunger are decreased by the hormone:
A) ghrelin.
B) orexin.
C) serotonin.
D) PYY.
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Chapter 11: Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe two continuing sources of stress at this time in your life.For each source of stress,propose a specific problem-focused or a specific emotion-focused coping strategy that is likely to effectively reduce your stress.
Q2) Shortly after exercising ________,people become less restrained in their aggressive responses to provocation.
A) self-control
B) emotion-focused coping
C) biofeedback
D) mindfulness meditation
Q3) Walter Cannon perceived the stress response to be highly adaptive because it prepared the organism for:
A) acculturative stress.
B) the production of lymphocytes.
C) tend and befriend.
D) fight or flight.
Q4) Use your understanding of our biological responses to stressful situations to explain why relaxation and mindfulness meditation are associated with reduced stress and better health.
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Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Internet-formed friendships and romantic relationships are,on average,slightly ________ likely than relationships formed in person to last and be satisfying.When conversing online with someone for 20 minutes,participants in one study felt ________ liking for that person than they did for someone they talked with face to face.
A) more;less
B) less;more
C) more;more
D) less;less
Q2) When his dog stretches its legs,Mason finds himself stretching his legs.This is an example of
A) informational social influence.
B) automatic mimicry.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) personal control.
Q3) Verbal behavior intended to hurt another person is an example of A) scapegoating.
B) prejudice.
C) social scripts.
D) aggression.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychodynamic theorists emphasize the importance of A) schemas.
B) the Oedipus complex.
C) unconscious mental processes.
D) epigenetics.
Q2) A willingness to switch jobs and move from one part of the country to another best illustrates one of the consequences of A) collectivism.
B) reciprocal determinism.
C) individualism.
D) self-serving bias.
Q3) One night after he heard his parents arguing,4-year-old Wei had a vivid dream in which he saved his mother from being bitten by a large snake.A psychoanalyst would most likely suspect that Wei's dream reflects a(n)
A) oral fixation.
B) reaction formation.
C) projective test.
D) Oedipus complex.
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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bipolar disorder is most likely to be characterized by A) a low grade but persistent depression.
B) flashbacks of a past trauma.
C) a single manic episode with no history of depression.
D) alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.
Q2) At different seasons of the year,one survey asked Americans "Have you cried today?" The percentage who said "yes" was highest in A) March.
B) June.
C) September.
D) December.
Q3) Jaclyn believes that her brother's social anxiety disorder stems from repressed unconscious conflicts with their mother.Jaclyn's interpretation reflects a ________ perspective.
A) biopsychosocial
B) psychoanalytic
C) biological
D) conditioning
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Chapter 15: Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many self-help groups have emulated the use of ________ by Alcoholics Anonymous.
A) free association
B) progressive relaxation
C) a 12-step program
D) systematic desensitization
Q2) Dialectical behavior therapy is a form of
A) client-centered therapy.
B) exposure therapy.
C) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
D) meta-analysis.
Q3) In one study,people were taught to attribute their compulsive urges to abnormal brain functioning.Instead of giving in to an urge,they participated in an alternative activity that engaged other parts of the brain.This strategy for dealing with their difficulty best illustrates
A) systematic desensitization.
B) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
C) biomedical therapy.
D) psychodynamic therapy.
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Chapter 16: Exploring the Role of Industrial-Organizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Effective leaders of large corporations as well as smaller work teams have been found to exude a charisma that involves
A) using a directive management style.
B) understanding human factors psychology.
C) inspiring others with a goal-based vision.
D) viewing one's work as a career.
Q2) The on-time completion of major work projects is most clearly facilitated by
A) reducing flow.
B) scripting structured interviews.
C) receiving 360-degree feedback.
D) stating implementation intentions.
Q3) An observed difference between two sample groups is more likely to be statistically significant if
A) the observed difference is small.
B) the sample groups are small.
C) the standard deviations of the sample groups are small.
D) both samples are drawn from the same population.
Q4) Describe how a company might initiate annual reviews of employee performance without discouraging worker satisfaction and engagement.
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