Psychology 101
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Psychology 101 provides an introduction to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Covering foundational theories and concepts, the course explores topics such as biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, emotions, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions. Through discussion, experiments, and case studies, students gain insight into how psychologists conduct research and apply findings to understand human thought, emotion, and behavior in everyday life. This course serves as a gateway to advanced studies in psychology and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
The Science of Psychology An Appreciative View 2nd Edition by Laura A. King
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17 Chapters
2124 Verified Questions
2124 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Science of Psychology
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125 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which perspective of psychology most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses?
A) neuroscience
B) behavioral
C) evolutionary
D) behavior genetics
Answer: B
Q2) Many colleges use students' S.A.T. scores to determine who they will accept into their programs. Which goal of psychological science are they utilizing?
A) describe
B) explain
C) predict
D) control
Answer: C
Q3) Describe the concept of functionalism. Who was most closely associated with this approach?
Answer: Discuss how functionalism focuses on the functions of the mind; mention how functionalism had the largest impact on psychology. Include reference to William James.
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Psychologys Scientific Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a formal experiment, the group that is NOT subjected to a treatment condition is referred to as the ________ group.
A) control
B) dependent
C) experimental
D) independent
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is an example of research using the survey method?
A) Dr. Adele watches children as they learn to read.
B) Dr. Gomes studies his patients while they undergo psychological counseling.
C) Dr. Trooper collects children's school grades and test scores.
D) Dr. Frank asks people how many hours of TV they watch per week.
Answer: D
Q3) The first step of the scientific method is to formulate hypotheses.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Biological Foundations of Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which subpart of the brain is located at the rear base of the skull?
A) forebrain
B) corpus callosum
C) midbrain
D) hindbrain
Answer: D
Q2) Depression is associated with low levels of what neurotransmitter?
A) acetylcholine
B) serotonin
C) dopamine
D) norepinephrine
Answer: B
Q3) What area of the brain is associated with the recognition of faces and/or the recognition of other familiar objects?
A) amygdala
B) hippocampus
C) fusiform face area
D) Wernicke's area
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Looking at a quarter in your hand casts a different image on your retina compared to looking at a quarter across the room, yet we know that the quarter is the same and retains the same dimensions. This phenomenon is known as A) size constancy.
B) the figure-ground phenomenon.
C) the Ponzo illusion.
D) gestalt closure.
Q2) An architect is designing apartments and wants them to be soundproof. She asks a psychologist what the smallest amount of sound is that can be heard. Her question is most related to the ________ threshold.
A) absolute
B) difference
C) transduction
D) sensory
Q3) There is no specific organ that contains the kinesthetic senses.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Give examples of each of the five gestalt principles that are found in everyday life.
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6
Chapter 5: States of Conciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) The concept of "theory of mind" is best described as
A) thinking about thinking.
B) an understanding that everyone thinks, feels, perceives, and has private experiences.
C) one's misinterpretation of subconscious thoughts.
D) the principles that govern controlled processing.
Q2) Kathy says that when she meditates, she feels like she becomes one with the universe. Kathy experiences ________ during her meditative sessions.
A) an altered state of consciousness
B) latent mesmerism
C) a peak experience
D) a period of divided consciousness
Q3) Circadian rhythm refers to
A) the pattern of emotional ups and downs we routinely experience during the day.
B) a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour schedule.
C) the jet lag experienced following an extensive transoceanic flight.
D) the five stage cycle that we experience during a normal night of sleep.
Q4) Discuss the nature and applications of hypnosis.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of instinctive drift?
A) A rat learns to run a maze for a cheese food reward instead of a peanut butter reward.
B) A raccoon learns to play basketball in a swimming pool.
C) A pig shoves an object on the ground instead of learning to carry it in his mouth.
D) A pigeon learns to guide a warhead to its target.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT associated with Skinner?
A) Skinner box
B) operant conditioning
C) schedules of reinforcement
D) conditioned stimulus
Q3) Which of the following is NOT one of the processes involved in observational learning?
A) attention
B) motor reproduction
C) reinforcement
D) replication
Q4) Provide one example of vicarious reinforcement and one example of vicarious punishment.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) On the ride home from her senior prom, Mary's date ran a red light and crashed into another vehicle. Twenty years later, Mary can still remember the song that was playing on the radio at the time of the crash. This memory is best described as a(n) ________ memory.
A) flashbulb
B) iconic
C) procedural
D) serial
Q2) Short-term memory has a ________ capacity than sensory memory and a ________ duration.
A) more limited; longer
B) larger; longer
C) larger; shorter
D) more limited; shorter
Q3) ________ memory is the conscious recollection of facts and events that you can verbally communicate.
A) Declarative
B) Nondeclarative
C) Procedural
D) Implicit
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe links between cognition and language.
Q2) The bicycle talked the boy into buying a candy bar. This sentence is
A) pragmatically correct but syntactically incorrect.
B) semantically correct but syntactically incorrect.
C) syntactically correct but semantically incorrect.
D) syntactically and pragmatically incorrect.
Q3) In everyday situations, finding and framing problems can be difficult because most real-life problems
A) are vague and ill-defined.
B) suggest complex operations need to be employed.
C) cannot be solved by the average person.
D) All of these.
Q4) Which theory of intelligence is best suited to explain the abilities of individuals with savant syndrome, or individuals with extremely high levels of intelligence in one area and virtually little or none in other areas?
A) Binet
B) Wechsler
C) Terman
D) Gardener
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The older adult who sees meaning in his or her life continues to live a satisfying existence. Erikson refers to this as
A) despair.
B) generativity.
C) intimacy.
D) integrity.
Q2) One of the greatest struggles infant researchers face is the fact that infants
A) sleep most of the time.
B) need to eat constantly.
C) are resistant to change.
D) cannot use language.
Q3) In Harry and Margaret Harlow's classic attachment study, they found that monkeys
A) were more attached to the artificial mothers who provided milk.
B) were more attached to the artificial mothers who were warm and soft.
C) displayed no preference for either cloth or wire mothers.
D) preferred wire mothers over cloth ones.
Q4) Ethnic identity is less important during adolescence because the changes experienced during that time are universal.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Extrinsic motivation always reduces intrinsic motivation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe the characteristics of a person with anorexia nervosa and the circumstances that may contribute to the development of this condition.
Q3) ________ antagonists have been used to treat obesity.
A) Dopamine
B) Serotonin
C) Acetylcholine
D) Norepinephrine
Q4) While free breakfast and lunches provided at school are an attempt to satisfy one of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, students may still fail to achieve unless they
A) reach self-actualization.
B) feel like they are leaders.
C) feel safe at school.
D) have advanced thinking abilities.
Q5) Describe drive reduction theory. Give specific examples of a drive and a need and explain how they are related to one another. Present the criticisms of drive reduction theory.
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Chapter 11: Gender, Sex, and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) If we refer to Martin as a male, we are referring to his
A) sex.
B) gender.
C) sexual orientation.
D) sexual preference.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an example of a secondary sex characteristic?
A) development of penis
B) facial hair
C) development of breasts
D) pubic hair
Q3) Darlene is uncertain if the person who just approached her is a male or a female.
The best indicator may be
A) the ratio of arm to torso length.
B) the length of his/her pointer and ring fingers.
C) whether or not he/she is wearing makeup.
D) the firmness of his/her grip.
Q4) Breast development in women is triggered by the SRY gene.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the physical differences between male and female brains.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a defense mechanism?
A) castration anxiety
B) Oedipus complex
C) fixation
D) reaction formation
Q2) Which of the following statements about projective measures is accurate?
A) They have high validity and they are popular in clinical settings.
B) They have high validity but they are not very popular in clinical settings.
C) They have low validity but they are popular in clinical settings.
D) They have low validity and they are not very popular in clinical settings.
Q3) If you had to write a research paper on ego defense mechanisms, which of the following would be the most appropriate summary position?
A) Defense mechanisms are a person's conscious attempts to escape their problems.
B) The most effective way to deal with a problem is to use an ego defense mechanism.
C) The use of defense mechanisms can be beneficial to psychological health.
D) The use of defense mechanisms usually indicates an impending psychological breakdown.
Q4) Describe the differences between a Type A and Type B personality.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The advertising committee for a politician is going door to door and asking people to put a big ugly election sign on their lawn. If people refuse, they ask them if they would consider putting a smaller sign on the lawn. The committee is using
A) the foot-in-the-door strategy.
B) the door-in-the-face strategy.
C) the elaboration likelihood model.
D) the negative appeal approach.
Q2) Dr. McCall found that class projects were of poorer quality when students worked in groups compared to when each student did an individual project. This difference can be explained by the phenomenon of
A) inoculation.
B) social loafing.
C) mere exposure effect.
D) polarization.
Q3) In a jigsaw classroom, educators overlook the ethnic/racial composition of their classes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the relationship between gender and altruism.
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Chapter 14: Industrial and Organizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the big five personality traits is NOT associated with being a leader?
A) high extraversion
B) high conscientiousness
C) low neuroticism
D) low agreeableness
Q2) The mastermind of scientific management was
A) Frederick Winslow Taylor.
B) Frank Gilbreth.
C) Elton Mayo.
D) Donald Clifton.
Q3) Describe the three types of employee commitment.
Q4) What are some predictors of job satisfaction, and how do they vary for different jobs and cultures? Give some examples.
Q5) Sam has the strongest organizational identity within his workplace. What type of work orientation does he likely exhibit?
A) transactional
B) calling
C) job
D) idealized
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) A classification system for psychological disorders allows clinicians to do all of the following except make predictions about
A) the prevalence of a disorder.
B) which individuals might be susceptible to a disorder.
C) how the disorder is likely to progress.
D) how other people might react to the diagnosis of a disorder.
Q2) The main controversy surrounding the DSM-IV-TR is that it
A) places little emphasis on adaptive functioning.
B) ignores an individual's social relationships.
C) fails to use people-first language.
D) reflects the medical model.
Q3) Mood disorders can include a disturbance in all of the following areas EXCEPT A) cognition.
B) behavior.
C) somatic characteristics.
D) cultural identity.
Q4) In the absence of ADHD, exposure to Ritalin can predispose individuals to later addiction problems.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following persons is engaging in reflective speech?
A) Mary - after listening to Joel describe his anxiety, she tells him not to worry
B) Tabitha - after listening to Gus talk about his frustration with his boss, she tells him that it sounds like he is facing obstacles at work.
C) Horace - after listening to his mother complain about a rude customer at work, he tells her to quit her job.
D) All of these.
Q2) Alice is trying to decide on a type of therapy. Her counselor recommends that she choose between Kohut's contemporary psychodynamic therapy and humanistic psychotherapy. Which of the following statements best describes how these two types of therapies are most similar?
A) A healthy relationship with the therapist replaces the patient's unhealthy childhood relationships.
B) Therapeutic sessions focus on the past rather than the present.
C) Empathy and understanding play a key role in therapeutic interactions.
D) Repressed sexual motives are uncovered in order to determine the extent of emotional disturbance.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Health Psychology
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Sample
Questions
Q1) Claire has a problem with smoking. If she were in the ________ stage of change, the best stage-matched intervention would be to inform her about the dangers of continuing this unhealthy behavior. However, if she were in the ________ stage, you would do well to provide her with training in specific skills that can help her to actually stop smoking.
A) contemplation; preparation
B) preparation; action
C) preparation; contemplation
D) precontemplation; preparation
Q2) Who is NOT engaged in what psychologists refer to as health behaviors?
A) Mary is eating an apple.
B) Jim is studying his history notes.
C) Alice is walking with a friend.
D) Little Melanie is brushing her teeth.
Q3) According to research findings, is being lean, or being fit, more important to good health?
Q4) Discuss the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior.
Q5) Describe three common methods used to quit an addictive habit like smoking.
Q6) Outline the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome. What is a weakness of this model?
Page 19
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