Psychology 101 Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Psychology 101 introduces students to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. This course covers foundational topics such as the history of psychology, research methods, biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social influences. By exploring key theories and empirical findings, students gain a broad understanding of how psychologists think, investigate, and apply knowledge to real-world problems, setting the stage for more advanced study in the field.
Recommended Textbook
PSYCH 3rd Edition by Spencer A. Rathus
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14 Chapters
3208 Verified Questions
3208 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: What Is Psychology
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222 Verified Questions
222 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How the group affects the individual and the effects of the individual on the group are the concerns of __________ psychologists.
A)clinical
B)consumer
C)sport
D)social
Answer: D
Q2) The bias stemming from the likelihood that those who offer to participate in certain kinds of surveys differ systematically from those who are less likely to offer is known as
A)selection factors.
B)volunteer bias.
C)self-selection.
D)stratified selection.
Answer: B
Q3) __________ psychologists study the changes that occur throughout the life span.
Answer: Developmental
Q4) The psychological approach that emphasizes __________ processes is called psychoanalysis.
Answer: unconscious
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Chapter 2: Biology and Psychology
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257 Verified Questions
257 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ remove dead neurons and waste products from the nervous system, nourish and insulate neurons, and direct their growth.
A)Schwann cells
B)Neurons
C)Glial cells
D)Myelin sheaths
Answer: C
Q2) Since no critical part of the brain was damaged during Phineas Gage's accident, he was fine afterwards.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The amygdala is involved in all of the following <b>EXCEPT</b>
A)aggression.
B)fear.
C)vigilance.
D)balance.
Answer: D
Q4) Language areas of the cortex usually lie in the ______ hemisphere.
Answer: left
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Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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230 Verified Questions
230 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a prediction of Weber's constant for noticing differences?
A)A person of 200 pounds would have to lose twice as much weight as a person of 100 pounds in order for the difference to be noticed.
B)The maximum difference in stimuli that can be detected is the same for all senses.
C)The constant is the same for all sense modalities.
D)Motivation, attention, and past experience are factors in the constant.
Answer: A
Q2) Which factor listed below does <b>NOT</b> affect a person's ability to perceive sensory stimuli or a difference between stimuli?
A)The intensity of the stimuli.
B)The sharpness or acuteness of a person's biological sensory system.
C)Psychological factors, such as motivation, expectations, and learning.
D)None of these.
Answer: D
Q3) Sensation is the stimulation of sensory receptors and transmission of sensory information to the_______ for processing.
Answer: brain
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Chapter 4: Consciousness
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208 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Physiological functions like blood pressure, heart rate, and sweating are not able to be altered voluntarily.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Barbiturates are dangerous street drugs that have no useful medical application.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the instrument called that is used to measure brain waves?
A)electroencephalograph.
B)EEG.
C)EGG.
D)electroencephalograph and EEG.
Q4) As we sleep, periods of REM sleep become shorter as periods of Stage 4 sleep become longer.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Role theory explains hypnotic events in terms of the person's ability to act as though he or she were hypnotized.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Learning
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225 Verified Questions
225 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study of taste aversion, rats were conditioned with sweetened water, light, and a clicker. What did the results show?
A)Nauseated rats were more likely to acquire an appropriate taste aversion to the sweetened water.
B)Shocked rats were more likely to develop an appropriate aversion to light.
C)For each group of rats, learning was adaptive.
D)All of these.
Q2) a) Discuss four ways in which depictions of media violence contribute to aggression.
b) Discuss the circular relationship between media violence and aggression.
Q3) A __________ schedule is one in which reinforcement is provided after a specific number of correct responses.
Q4) How do behaviorists explain Pavlov's classical conditioning results?
A)The dog has learned that the meat powder is contingent upon presentation of the bell.
B)The dog has made a mental representation of the bell and meat powder.
C)The dog has learned the association between paired stimuli.
D)The dog has come to expect that the meat powder will come in the presence of the bell.
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Chapter 6: Memory: Remembrance of Things Past--And Future
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210 Verified Questions
210 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many of our long-term memories can be affected by the way we conceptualize our world, known as our _________.
Q2) In __________ amnesia, there are memory lapses for the period following a trauma such as a blow to the head, electric shock, or a surgical operation.
A)infantile
B)anterograde
C)dissociative
D)retrograde
Q3) The vivid, detailed recollection of what you were doing when you learned about an emotionally arousing event, like the attacks of September 11, 2001, is called a
A)flashbulb memory.
B)semantic memory.
C)flashback memory.
D)hot flash.
Q4) The appearance of new information in long-term memory displaces old information.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Mental representations of visual stimuli are called ______.
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Chapter 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
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271 Verified Questions
271 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The developmental period of infant babbling represents the transition between A)crying and cooing.
B)first words and holophrases.
C)overextension and holophrases.
D)prelinguistic vocalizations and first words.
Q2) When Francine formulated her New Year's resolutions for her health, finances, and relationships, she probably used __________ to formulate her goals and subgoals for each resolution.
A)analogous application
B)trial and error
C)an algorithm
D)means-ends analysis
Q3) George has just completed an assessment of his intellectual abilities. Nine areas of mental abilities were tested. This assessment is most likely based on ________ theory of intelligence.
A)J. P. Guilford's
B)L. L. Thurstone's
C)Charles Spearman's
D)Robert Sternberg's
Q4) We tend to organize concepts into ___________.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Motivation and Emotion
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205 Verified Questions
205 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The eating behavior of the hyperphagic rat suggests there is A)anorexia in rats.
B)satiety in rats.
C)an "off" center in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.
D)an "off" center in the lateral hypothalamus.
Q2) Many artists and intellectuals pursue creative and intellectual goals without recognition or reward. The fact that they pursue growth motives in the absence of safety and security argues against Maslow's idea that needs are organized as A)psychic energy.
B)drives.
C)a hierarchy.
D)stimulus motives.
Q3) Which of the following is a stimulus motive?
A)exploration
B)hunger
C)thirst
D)homeostasis
Q4) Sensory stimulation, activity, exploration, and manipulation of the environment are all ________ motives.
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Chapter 9: The Voyage Through the Life Span
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245 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most competent children tend to have A)uninvolved parents.
B)authoritarian families.
C)authoritative parents.
D)permissive learning styles.
Q2) The prenatal stage during which the majority of the organ formation takes place is the _____ stage.
Q3) An adolescent's belief that their feelings and ideas are special, even unique, and that they are invulnerable is called the A)personal fable.
B)imaginary audience.
C)pretend view.
D)personal fantasy.
Q4) A primitive heart begins to beat and pump blood during the A)period of the ovum.
B)fetal period.
C)fourth week.
D)first days after implantation.
Q5) Erik Erikson characterized young adulthood as the stage of intimacy versus _____.
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Chapter 10: Personality: Theory and Measurement
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236 Verified Questions
236 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Carl Rogers would claim that we are motivated to reduce the discrepancy between our self-concept and our
A)self-aggrandizement.
B)self-ideal.
C)self-mirage.
D)self-confidence.
Q2) The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a(n) __________ measure.
A)projective
B)objective
C)forced-choice
D)mercurial
Q3) Regina always speaks her mind and has an easy time relating to others in social situations. She would be described as A)stubborn.
B)thrifty.
C)introverted.
D)extraverted.
Q4) The MMPI scales were constructed on the basis of psychological theory.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Stress, Health, and Coping
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196 Verified Questions
196 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The concept of social support has many definitions. What are these, as described in the text, and how do these types of social support serve to reduce the effects of stress?
Q2) Individuals who are more likely to exhibit irrational beliefs that can put them at a higher risk for anxiety and depression are
A)perfectionists and dependent on social approval.
B)Type B personalities.
C)high in self efficacy.
D)competent.
Q3) Vinnie takes steroids (corticosteroids) prescribed by his doctor. These drugs
A)increase the immune response.
B)increase inflammation.
C)fight off viral agents only.
D)interfere with the production of antibodies.
Q4) What is the study of how psychological issues affect physical illness called?
A)stress psychology
B)health psychology
C)illness psychology
D)cognitive dissonance
Q5) _____ lightens the burdens of life and helps people cope with stress.
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Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders
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226 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suicide is often associated with which of the following?
A)insanity
B)psychosis
C)loss of contact with reality
D)none of these
Q2) A man cancels an important business trip to the mountains because he cannot control his fear of heights. He goes to a doctor to discuss the problem. What diagnosis is the doctor likely to consider?
A)agoraphobia
B)acrophobia
C)social phobia
D)claustrophobia
Q3) Which of the following is <b>NOT</b> a characteristic of psychological disorders?
A)a faulty perception or interpretation of reality
B)personal distress
C)socially appropriate behavior
D)self-defeating behavior
Q4) ______ attempt suicide more often than ______, who are more likely to complete an attempt.
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Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy
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230 Verified Questions
230 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ led efforts in the United States to improve the conditions for people with psychological disorders.
A)Philippe Pinel
B)William Tuke
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Dorothea Dix
Q2) Most modern psychodynamic therapists continue to focus on insight alone.
A)True
B)False
Q3) You go to a therapist because you are having trouble finishing your schoolwork. Your therapist suggests that you gradually increase your study time by five minutes per evening. In addition, after each hour of studying, you are told to reward yourself with a five-minute rest. Your therapist is using the operant conditioning method of A)successive approximations.
B)token rewards.
C)negative reinforcement.
D)study skills training.
Q4) _____ _____ is an aversive-conditioning method designed to help smokers quit.
Q5) Rational emotive behavior therapy was devised by _____ _____.
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Chapter 14: Social Psychology
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247 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Men are viewed as more attractive by women when they are A)introverted.
B)agoraphobic.
C)submissive.
D)fond of children.
Q2) _____ psychology studies the nature and causes of behavior and mental processes in social situations.
Q3) Changing our behavior in order to adhere to social norms is called _____.
Q4) What are the factors that contribute to interpersonal attraction? How do men and women differ when choosing a mate?
Q5) When Milgram replicated his original study in 1974, but did so in a dingy storefront, the percentage of people who complied with the experimenter
A)increased from 45% to 68%.
B)remained the same.
C)decreased from 65% to 48%.
D)decreased from 95% to 6%.
Q6) Sources of prejudice include information processing and social categorization.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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