Psychology 101 Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Psychology 101 provides an introduction to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. Covering a broad range of foundational topics, the course explores areas such as sensory perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, emotion, personality, psychological disorders, and the principles of social interaction. Students engage with classic theories as well as contemporary research, gaining an understanding of how psychological principles are applied in everyday life. This course lays the groundwork for further studies in psychology and related disciplines by building critical thinking and analytical skills essential for exploring human behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology Themes and Variations 9th Edition by Wayne Weiten
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) B.F.Skinner's conclusion that "free will is an illusion" was based on his belief that people are under the control of their ____________________.
Answer: environment
Q2) Psychology is based on systematic observation rather than pure reasoning or common sense.We can say,therefore,that psychology is A) behavioral.
B) speculative.
C) empirical.
D) rational.
Answer: C
Q3) The area of psychological research that is MOST interested in the causation,prevention,and treatment of illness is A) health psychology.
B) physiological psychology.
C) social psychology.
D) psychiatry.
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Research Enterprise in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain why "a correlation does not prove causation."
Answer: A correlation suggests that two variables may be related and allows researchers to address the goal of prediction.However,the correlation does not tell us whether a cause-effect relationship exists because correlation does not address the third variable problem,in other words it does not tell HOW the variables are related.X may cause Y; Y may cause X,or Z may cause X and Y.
Q2) While a(n)____ is the group of individuals actually observed in a research study,the ____ is the group of individuals that researchers want to generalize or extend their findings to describe.
A) experimental group; control group
B) control group; experimental group
C) population; sample
D) sample; population
Answer: D
Q3) In an experiment the investigator varies the dependent variable and measures the independent variable.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: The Biological Bases of Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) When nicotine acts on the brain it acts like acetylcholine and binds to ACh receptor sites causing postsynaptic potentials.Nicotine is
A) an antagonist.
B) an agonist.
C) a monoamine.
D) a reuptake agent.
Answer: B
Q2) The ____________________ is the junction between two neurons.
Answer: synapse
Q3) Synaptic transmission takes place when the electrical neural impulse (action potential)jumps across the fluid-filled synaptic cleft between neurons much like the spark from a sparkplug does in an automobile.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The primary processing for auditory sensations is in the ____________________ lobes of the cerebrum.
Answer: Temporal
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) \The physical stimuli for the sense of taste
A) are chemical substances that are insoluble in water.
B) are chemical substances that are soluble in water.
C) are the vibrations of molecules.
D) are tactile stimulation.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the primary skin sensations?
A) pressure
B) pain
C) temperature
D) wetness
Q3) A variety of physical stimuli including mechanical,thermal,and chemical energy are the stimuli for the sense of
A) touch.
B) smell.
C) taste.
D) both taste and smell.
Q4) Sensory adaptation is an automatic process that helps to keep people tuned into changes in their sensory experiences.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Variations in Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Freud,the ____________________ content of a dream is the actual content of the dream at the surface level.
Q2) For the past two weeks Cameron has been taking a mild sedative to help him fall asleep.He is likely to find that
A) he now needs to take a larger dose in order to fall asleep because over time sedatives become less effective.
B) he can take less of the drug because the effects of sedatives tend to be cumulative. C) he will spend more of the night dreaming than he did without the sedative. D) after two weeks his insomnia should be cured, and he can stop using the sedative.
Q3) Pain-relieving drugs thar are derived from opium are called
Q4) According to the cognitive view on dreams proposed by Rosalind Cartwright,dreams are simply the by-product of bursts of activity emanating from subcortical areas in the brain.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is REM rebound and when does it occur?
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Raul's parents make certain they thank Raul every time he clears the dishes from the table without being asked.Sadie's parents try to remember to thank Sadie every time she clears the table without being asked,but about half the time they forget.Based on principles of operant conditioning,you should predict that
A) both children's table clearing will be equally resistant to extinction.
B) Sadie's table clearing will be more resistant to extinction than Raul's.
C) Raul's table clearing will be more resistant to extinction than Sadie's.
D) Raul will develop stimulus generalization, and Sadie will develop stimulus discrimination.
Q2) In classical conditioning,an unconditioned stimulus is
A) an unlearned reaction to a stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning.
B) a learned reaction to a stimulus that occurs as a result of previous conditioning. C) a stimulus that evokes a response without previous conditioning.
D) a previously neutral stimulus that has acquired the capacity to evoke a learned response.
Q3) What is extinction? How does it differ from forgetting?
Q4) Describe how negative reinforcement differs from punishment.
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8
Chapter 7: Human Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ memory involves remembering events from the past or previously learned information.
Q2) Damage to which of the following is MOST likely to cause deficits in long-term memory?
A) limbic system
B) hippocampal region
C) sympathetic nervous system
D) Broca's area
Q3) The memory improvement strategies of elaboration,using visual imagery,and engaging in deeper processing all involve which memory process?
A) encoding
B) storage
C) retrieval
D) interference
Q4) Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in ____ memory.
A) sensory
B) short-term
C) intermediate-term
D) long-term
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Chapter 8: Language and Thought
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evolutionary theorists argue that if decision problems were stated in terms of raw frequencies,then
A) base rate neglect and the conjunction fallacy would both disappear.
B) base rate neglect and the conjunction fallacy would both become more pronounced.
C) base rate neglect would disappear, but the conjunction fallacy would become more pronounced.
D) base rate neglect would become more pronounced, but the conjunction fallacy would disappear.
Q2) Compare and contrast the behaviorist,nativist,and interactionist perspectives on language acquisition.
Q3) Semantics is the component of language concerned with A) understanding the meaning of words and word combinations.
B) specifying rules for how words can be arranged into sentences.
C) creating novel messages from a finite number of symbols.
D) correctly pronouncing the prefixes, suffices, and root words of a language.
Q4) The ____________________ heuristic involves basing probability estimates for an outcome on the ease with which relevant examples can be retrieved from long-term memory.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Intelligence and Psychological Testing
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Featured Study concerning racial stereotypes and test performance found that when students believed a test measured general verbal ability,the performance of African American students was
A) similar to the performance of white students.
B) significantly lower than the performance of white students.
C) significantly higher than the performance of white students.
D) significantly higher than the performance of female students.
Q2) What occurs when a hypothetical,abstract concept is given a name and then treated as though it were a concrete tangible object?
A) divergent thinking
B) a fallacy
C) a reification
D) convergent thinking
Q3) Compared to those who score low on IQ tests,people who score high are more likely to end up in high-status jobs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the similarities and differences between current views on the nature and assessment of intelligence and creativity.
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your textbook describes a number of approaches for explaining the experience of emotion.From this discussion,we can see that
A) psychology is empirical.
B) psychology is theoretically diverse.
C) psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
D) behavior is determined by multiple causes.
Q2) Recent research into the biological roots of homosexuality has focused on A) the organizing effects of prenatal hormones on neurological development.
B) the anatomical differences in the brain between homosexual and heterosexual men.
C) the genetic differences between homosexual men who are identical twins.
D) hormone level differences between gay and straight men.
Q3) Imagine that an individual has taken medication that has lowered his or her overall level of autonomic arousal.If this person reports less intense emotional experiences,it would provide some support for
A) the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion.
B) the common-sense view of emotion.
C) the facial feedback hypothesis.
D) the James-Lange theory of emotion.
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Chapter 11: Human Development Across the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) Premature babies who survive are typically born during the A) germinal stage.
B) embryonic stage.
C) fetal stage.
D) postnatal stage.
Q2) If Lawrence Kohlberg were to present you with a moral dilemma,in which of the following would he be MOST interested?
A) your judgment of right and wrong in this situation
B) what you would do in this situation
C) whether your intended behavior in this situation is consistent with your moral judgment about it
D) your reasons for whatever moral judgment you had about the situation
Q3) At what age does an infant typically first exhibit separation anxiety?
A) one to two weeks
B) one to two months
C) six to eight months
D) around one year
Q4) Dementia occurs in ____________________ of people over the age of 75.
Q5) Define the concept of attachment and summarize the patterns of attachment seen in infants
13
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Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the five-factor model of personality,people who score high in ____ tend to be sympathetic,trusting,cooperative,and modest.
A) neuroticism
B) extraversion
C) conscientiousness
D) agreeableness
Q2) Ten-year-old Benjamin is often nervous about bringing report cards home to his parents.Although his parents say they love him,he feels that they only really love him when he obtains excellent grades in school.Based on the theory developed by Carl Rogers,Benjamin perceives his parents' affection as
A) conditional, and he is likely to develop congruence in his self-concept.
B) unconditional, and he is likely to develop incongruence in his self-concept.
C) unconditional, and he is likely to develop congruence in his self-concept.
D) conditional, and he is likely to develop incongruence in his self-concept.
Q3) List and describe the three components into which Freud divided the personality,and indicate how these are distributed across three levels of awareness.
Q4) In Maslow's hierarchy of needs,the ____________________ needs are considered to be the most basic needs and the first priority.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Social Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fact that physical appearance can color people's perception of a person's ability and that social schemas lead people to see what they expect to see illustrates which of your textbooks unifying themes?
A) Psychology is theoretically diverse.
B) Behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage.
C) Psychology is empirical.
D) Our experience of the world is highly subjective
Q2) When advertisers use extremely attractive models to demonstrate products,they are relying,in part,on the power of ____ to change consumers' attitudes.
A) observational learning
B) classical conditioning
C) reinforcement
D) punishment
Q3) Research on dissonance theory has been favorable,but only when the subjects have been young children.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe how various aspects of physical appearance may influence our impressions of others.
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Chapter 14: Stress,Coping,and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Being prevented from reaching a goal will cause most individuals to experience
A) conflict
B) frustration
C) pressure
D) vacillation
Q2) Prior to 1996-97,the average length of survival for people after the onset of the AIDS syndrome was
A) 18 to 24 months
B) less than 6 months
C) just over 60 months
D) 36 to 48 months
Q3) Describe the evidence linking personality and emotional factors to coronary heart disease.
Q4) Smoking is to lung cancer as Type A behavior is to
A) coronary disease
B) AIDS
C) defensive coping
D) mental disorders
Q5) Describe the three levels of people's response to stress.
Q6) Distinguish between acute and chronic stress.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Use of marijuana may precipitate schizophrenia in young people who use it by amplifying neurotransmitter activity in the
A) endorphin circuits.
B) norepinephrine circuits.
C) serotonin circuits.
D) dopamine circuits.
Q2) The most common psychological disorders in the United States are
A) schizophrenic disorders.
B) personality disorders.
C) mood disorders.
D) substance use disorders.
Q3) Correlations between mood disorders and a variety of structural abnormalities in the brain suggest that reduced volume in the ____ is related to depression.
A) amygdala
B) hypothalamus
C) hippocampus
D) thalamus
Q4) According to Susan Nolen-Hoeksema,excessive ____________________ tends to prolong and intensify depressive episodes.
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Chapter 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The side effect associated with taking traditional antipsychotic drugs that is characterized by chronic tremors and involuntary spastic movements is
A) infindibular recidivism.
B) tardive dyskinesia.
C) tachycardia palpitations.
D) MAO inhibition.
Q2) Explain the logic of psychoanalysis and describe the techniques by which analysts probe the unconscious.
Q3) Systematic desensitization is a therapy designed to A) create a negative response to a stimulus that has elicited problematic behavior. B) correct habitual thinking errors and maladaptive beliefs.
C) reduce phobic responses.
D) improve interpersonal skills.
Q4) The first step in the process of systematic desensitization is to A) train in deep muscle relaxation.
B) build an anxiety hierarchy.
C) relax while visualizing a fearful stimulus.
D) achieve successive goals approximations.
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18
Chapter 17: Statistical Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following correlations will yield the highest coefficient of determination?
A) -.70
B) -.40
C) .30
D) .50
Q2) In a normal distribution,most scores fall near the ____ of the distribution,and the number of scores gradually ____ as one moves away from the mean.
A) low end; increases
B) center; declines
C) center; increases
D) high end; declines
Q3) If two variables are correlated,the percentage of variation in one variable that can be predicted from the other variable
A) increases for positive correlations and decreases for negative correlations.
B) increases for negative correlations and decreases for positive correlations.
C) increases as the magnitude of the correlation coefficient increases.
D) decreases as the magnitude of the correlation coefficient increases.
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Chapter 18: Industrial organizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would not be representative of on-the-job training?
A) job rotation
B) a lecture on safety
C) mentoring
D) an apprenticeship
Q2) The process organizations use to identify potential employees for a job is
A) training
B) education
C) identification
D) recruitment
Q3) Organizational psychologists are most likely to focus on
A) test validation
B) designing more efficient workplaces
C) designing safer work places
D) organizational culture
Q4) I/O psychologists
A) usually work from the employers perspective
B) never integrate the subfields
C) often have expertise in more than one subfield
D) usually work from the employees perspective
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Chapter 19: Psychology and Environmental Sustainability: Conservation Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________ is a term used to describe how people intuitively perceive,categorize,and think about living things.
A) Anthropocentric
B) Folkbiology
C) Availability heuristic
D) False consensus
Q2) John lives in a country where individuals have the largest ecological footprint in the world,consuming far more resources than is sustainable.John is a citizen of which country?
A) United States
B) Russia
C) Nigeria
D) Brazil
Q3) All of the following are associated with attitudes toward the treatment of animals EXCEPT
A) neuroticism.
B) empathy.
C) imaginativeness.
D) aggreeableness.
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