Psychology 101
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Psychology 101 offers an overview of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The course introduces students to major theoretical perspectives, research methods, and key concepts in areas such as biological psychology, learning, memory, sensation and perception, motivation, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social behavior. Through engaging lectures, discussions, and assignments, students gain foundational knowledge to better understand themselves and others while developing critical thinking skills applicable to various fields related to psychology.
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Psychology An Introduction 10th Edition by Benjamin Lahey
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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Q1) The ____________ approach is concerned with the relationship between the structures of the brain and psychological processes.
A) sociocultural
B) behavioral
C) neuroscientific
D) humanistic
Answer: C
Q2) Mary Whiton Calkins was a student of William James.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Wilhelm Wundt and William James developed the viewpoint known as structuralism.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Private thoughts,feelings,emotions and motives are referred to as ____________.
Answer: mental processes
Q5) ____________ studied digestion in dogs prior to identifying the process he termed conditioning.
Answer: Ivan Pavlov
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Chapter 2: Research Methods in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nancy is assisting her professor in conducting a survey on domestic violence,which involves asking adult males if they have ever been aggressive toward their partners.What is a significant disadvantage of her method of research?
A) She can gather only a limited amount of information in a short period of time.
B) She may be giving participants "ideas" about using physical force with their partners.
C) Participants may not be honest about their actual behavior due to the sensitive nature of the topic.
D) This method of research is very costly and time-consuming.
Answer: C
Q2) How spread out scores are from the mean is measured by the: A) median.
B) standard deviation.
C) normal distribution.
D) correlation coefficient.
Answer: B
Q3) Sigmund Freud developed his theories by using the ____________ method. Answer: clinical
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4
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations in Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are a neuron that is depolarizing.What is happening?
A) Your membrane is becoming less permeable to sodium ions.
B) Gates in your membrane are opening,and proteins are crossing the membrane.
C) You are moving negatively charged particles to the outside of your membrane.
D) Your membrane is becoming more permeable,and sodium ions are flowing in.
Answer: D
Q2) Clusters of cell bodies of neurons the central nervous system are referred to as:
A) glials.
B) vesicles.
C) interneurons.
D) ganglia.
Answer: D
Q3) Messages can travel across synapses in either direction.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) ___________ is a principal cause of what we commonly refer to as "senility."
Answer: Alzheimer's disease
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Chapter 4: The Interplay of Nature and Nurture
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Q1) Lucy and Lois are identical twins.What percentage of their genes do they have in common?
A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 100
Q2) In twin studies,if one monozygotic twin has schizophrenia,the other has about a 50% chance of developing the disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When does a recessive gene produce a trait?
A) when there are three of the same recessive genes
B) when there is no dominant gene to give contrary instructions
C) never
D) always
Q4) List three differences in brain structure between men and women and discuss how those differences may relate to differential cognitive or emotional functioning.
Q5) List and describe three cognitive differences between men and women.
Q6) ____________ is the subjective experience of being a male or female.
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) Which of the following is a true statement about the influence of pheromones on humans?
A) Effects of pheromones may be due to their pleasant odor.
B) There is no evidence of pheromones affecting humans.
C) Pheromones and chemicals that humans detect as odors are processed in the same area of the brain.
D) Women's mood appears to improve when they inhale a male sex hormone found on the skin.
Q2) Your house looks the same to you whether you look at it at nine in the morning in the full sunlight,or at five in the evening when it is in the shade.The fact that you don't perceive your house as two different colors is due to which of the following?
A) The light reflected from your house is in fact the same color at both times of the day.
B) Your perceptual system recalculates the color based on the change in lighting.
C) The actual change in color is too small for your perceptual system to detect.
D) Opponent processes in the visual cortex regulate your color vision.
Q3) ____________ are free nerve endings in the skin that are specialized to receive pain.
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Chapter 6: States of Consciousness
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Q1) Which of the following is a true statement about the use of marijuana?
A) It is clear that it does not cause physical or psychological harm.
B) It decreases the action of male sex hormones.
C) Stopping causes no uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms.
D) It increases the efficiency of cognitive processing.
Q2) Dorcas is lethargic,moody,and irritable all day because she has trouble falling asleep and staying asleep at night.What is Dorcas suffering from?
A) insomnia
B) sleeptalking
C) narcolepsy
D) sleep apnea
Q3) Freud referred to the literal content of a dream as its ____________ content.
Q4) Any substance powerful enough to change the functioning of the brain generally carries with it serious medical and psychological risks.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Marijuana use does not impair driving ability.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Basic Principles of Learning
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Q1) In Watson's experiments with Little Albert,the loud noise produced by banging the steel bar behind Albert's head was a(n):
A) unconditioned response.
B) conditioned response.
C) unconditioned stimulus.
D) conditioned stimulus.
Q2) Which of the following phrases most closely matches psychology's definition of learning?
A) changing behavior
B) becoming educated
C) acquiring understanding
D) studying
Q3) Women who breast-feed their infants often notice that the crying of any infant will trigger a reflex in which breast milk is ejected even when they are not nursing at the moment.In this case,the ejection of milk is a(n):
A) unconditioned stimulus.
B) conditioned response.
C) unconditioned response.
D) conditioned stimulus.
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Chapter 8: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) An important difference between visual information in the sensory register and auditory information in the sensory register is that the auditory information:
A) has a smaller storage capacity.
B) can be held longer than visual information.
C) cannot be held as long as visual information.
D) is limited to about seven pieces.
Q2) According to research on eyewitness testimony,leading questions can:
A) intimidate the witness.
B) confuse the witness.
C) increase the chance of reconstructive errors.
D) help jog the witness's memory.
Q3) Which of the following questions would be considered a "leading question"?
A) Did she hit the child?
B) How hard did she smack the child?
C) Can you describe what happened to the child?
D) Where did this incident occur?
Q4) Together,semantic memory and episodic memory make up declarative memory.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Procedural memory can be best accessed through ____________.
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Chapter 9: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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Q1) Although not universally accepted among professionals,educational programs for the gifted are often partially based on the assumption that:
A) creativity is more important than intelligence.
B) extremely bright children are at risk for psychological problems.
C) all children are gifted in some way.
D) gifted children are self-educators.
Q2) Going beyond the information that is presented to reach a conclusion is referred to as inferential reasoning.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Researchers are often involved in the final step of creative problem solving,in which the solution of the problem is tested.Which step of Wallas's creative problem-solving model is this?
A) incubation
B) verification
C) preparation
D) illumination
Q4) A ____________ is a habitual way of approaching or perceiving a problem.
Q5) ____________ thinking is thinking that is logical,conventional,and focused.
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Chapter 10: Developmental Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Baumrind,authoritarian parenting is:
A) punitive and critical.
B) indulgent.
C) firm,consistent,and democratic.
D) neglectful and uninvolved.
Q2) A ____________ is a biologically determined period in the life of some animals during which certain forms of learning take place more easily.
Q3) Imprinting is:
A) a purely innate process.
B) a purely learned process.
C) both an innate and learned process.
D) neither an innate nor a learned process.
Q4) Which of the following is a true statement about contemporary opinions regarding the role of early,abnormal experiences in humans?
A) It is clear that such experiences produce irreversible damage.
B) It is clear that such experiences can be reversed under favorable conditions.
C) It is clear that such experiences have no influence on later development.
D) Psychologists are not in agreement regarding this issue.
Q5) List and briefly describe Kubler-Ross's stages of grief.
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Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
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Q1) Of the 44 muscles in the human face,how many are devoted solely to the expression of emotion?
A) 44
B) 40
C) 35
D) 10
Q2) Which of the following will stimulate the lateral hypothalamus?
A) high glucose levels
B) high glycerol levels
C) stomach contractions
D) high leptin levels
Q3) In a nutshell,the James-Lange theory claims that:
A) physiological arousal precedes conscious emotional experience.
B) conscious emotional experience can either precede or follow physiological arousal.
C) conscious emotional experience and physiological arousal occur at the same time.
D) conscious emotional experience precedes physiological arousal.
Q4) Both the liver and the small intestine send signals about blood sugar levels to the
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Chapter 12: Personality Theories and Assessment
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Q1) Describe the personality theory of Alfred Adler and discuss how his theory differs from classic Freudian theory.
Q2) Both the psychoanalytic and humanistic theories recognize the influence of society in shaping our moral behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT),a person is asked to:
A) make up a story.
B) draw a picture.
C) describe an inkblot.
D) solve a problem.
Q4) The inkblot test is also called the:
A) Thematic Apperception Test.
B) Beck Depression Inventory.
C) Rorschach.
D) MMPI-2.
Q5) According to Freud,the id uses secondary process thinking to get its needs met.
A)True
B)False
Q6) According to Abraham Maslow,the ultimate in completed growth is
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Chapter 13: Stress and Health
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Q1) Which of the following is a true statement about defense mechanisms?
A) They are completely ineffective in both the short term and the long term at reducing stress.
B) They inhibit long-term reactions to stress if they distort reality to a great extent.
C) They are effective in both the short term and the long term at reducing stress.
D) Freud believed that defense mechanisms are the property of the superego.
Q2) Stephanos hates everyone he meets.He turns around and states that,"people are worthless because they are so full of hate." Stephanos is using the defense mechanism of:
A) avoidance.
B) projection.
C) rationalization.
D) repression.
Q3) When you do not allow threatening thoughts to enter your conscious awareness,you are using the defense mechanism of ____________.
Q4) When events or circumstances strain an individual's coping abilities,____________ is present.
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Chapter 14: Abnormal Behavior
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Q1) Aaron Beck proposed that ____________ views of oneself,the world,and the future lead some individuals to develop depression.
Q2) Clara is uninterested in social interactions and leads a nearly solitary life,working alone in the mailroom of a manufacturing plant.Attempts at conversations are met with looks of disdain or a completely blank expression,and Clara never smiles or seems to get angry or upset.Of the following personality disorders,Clara's behaviors are MOST consistent with a:
A) schizotypal personality disorder.
B) paranoid personality disorder.
C) borderline personality disorder.
D) schizoid personality disorder.
Q3) In what percentage of rapes is the perpetrator a stranger?
A) 50%
B) 25%
C) 15%
D) 4%
Q4) From the reign of Hammurabi to shortly before the American Revolution,the predominant view of mental illness was that is was caused by ____________.
Q5) ____________ involves sexual relations between relatives.
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Chapter 15: Therapies
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Q1) In ____________,shaping and positive reinforcement are used to teach persons with social deficiencies the basics of appropriate communication.
Q2) Cognitive-behavior therapists believe that the main element needed to eliminate a phobia is:
A) unconditional regard.
B) assertiveness training.
C) exposure.
D) cognitive talk.
Q3) Dr.Rendleman believes that abnormal behavior is the result of faulty learning that has been reinforced.Which view of psychology does Dr.Rendleman support?
A) psychoanalytic perspective
B) biological perspective
C) social learning perspective
D) humanistic perspective
Q4) Explain why client-centered therapy is called "client-centered" therapy.
Q5) Gestalt therapists tend to be quite confrontational in their therapeutic approach.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Social Psychology
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Q1) According to Zimbardo,why were there problems in his prison study?
A) The guards were instructed to be exceptionally harsh to the prisoners.
B) There was no control group,and sampling was unavoidably nonrandom.
C) Prisons create social roles that lead to the mistreatment of prisoners.
D) Correlation cannot prove causation.
Q2) Of the following,which conclusion is BEST supported by the Zimbardo prison study?
A) Social roles can have a greater impact on behavior than personal values.
B) People will believe what others believe despite strong contradictory evidence.
C) Media violence can be translated into actual behavior if relevant social cues are available.
D) Minority groups can resist assimilation into larger groups if they maintain close contact with other minority members.
Q3) "If you hear yourself say it,you'll find yourself believing it." This statement is MOST akin to:
A) diffusion of responsibility.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) social loafing.
D) deindividuation.
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Chapter 17: Psychology Applied to Business and Other Professions
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Q1) Jurors who are which of the following are MORE likely to convict a defendant,independent of the facts of the case?
A) young
B) poorly educated
C) white
D) politically liberal
Q2) What is an intelligent tutoring system?
A) a technique where faster students teach slower students
B) an enrichment program for gifted children
C) a computer program for teaching concepts on an individualized level
D) an instructional method that assumes that all students are gifted if given the opportunity to display their talents
Q3) Binet's contribution to educational psychology was primarily in the area of:
A) curriculum development.
B) advising.
C) intelligence testing.
D) teacher training.
Q4) Public Law 94-142 and the current IDEA essentially assert that all children,regardless of functioning level,have a right to ____________.
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