Psychological Testing and Measurement Final Exam
Course Introduction
Psychological Testing and Measurement introduces students to the principles, methods, and applications of psychological assessment. The course covers the construction, validation, and standardization of psychological tests, exploring concepts such as reliability, validity, norms, and ethical considerations. Students learn about the various types of tests used to measure intelligence, personality, aptitude, and achievement, as well as the limitations and cultural implications of testing. Through theoretical discussions and practical examples, the course emphasizes both the scientific foundations and the responsible use of psychological measurement in diverse settings.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Clinical Psychology 4th Edition by John Hunsley
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Clinical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Mental Health Commission of Canada (MHCC)is designed to
A) illustrate the incomplete and patchwork nature of mental health services that are available across Canada.
B) spearhead fundraising and awareness efforts to promote the need for mental health services among Canadians.
C) explicitly distinguish between provincial and federal responsibilities for health care. D) encourage collaboration between those who provide and require services for mental health (such as government, service providers, and clients).
Answer: D
Q2) Most psychologists agree that assessment data should be obtained
A) from multiple methods and informants.
B) mainly from the client.
C) mainly from expert assessment.
D) mainly from psychological testing.
Answer: A
Q3) Define the term syndrome.
Answer: Suggested answer:
a)Syndrome - a group of mental disorder symptoms that frequently co-occur.
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3
Chapter 2: Contemporary Clinical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Surveys of clinical psychologists in Canada by Hunsley,Ronson and Cohen (2013)and in the USA by Norcross and Karpiak (2012)revealed that:
A) the majority of psychologists specialize in one major professional activity.
B) almost half of them report devoting time to research, but it is a small proportion of their professional time.
C) the majority of clinical psychologists spend at least part of their work week teaching.
D) clinical supervision is undervalued by clinical psychologists.
Answer: B
Q2) A meta-analysis by Lee,Lim,Yang,and Lee (2011)of studies of psychologists' work-lives found that those who:
A) were less committed to their professional roles worked shorter hours.
B) received constructive criticism felt greater sense of accomplishment.
C) believed they worked harder than their clients did felt more satisfaction.
D) were traumatized by the stories they heard from clients became suicidal.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Classification and Diagnosis
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Q1) In the 2004 survey of prevalence rates of mental disorders across 14 countries,the Mental Health Survey Consortium (World Health Organization)found that across most countries,________ disorders were the most common,followed by _______ disorders.
A) mood; anxiety
B) anxiety; impulse-control
C) anxiety; mood
D) mood; substance abuse
Answer: C
Q2) Cole et.al.(2002)conducted a study to investigate the emergence of depression in children and adolescents.What were the results of the study?
A) There was a significant increase in the rate of depressive symptoms between the sixth and seventh grade.
B) Depressive symptoms developed differently across males and females.
C) The rate at which depressive symptoms occurred in children and adolescents was inconsistent over the course of their development.
D) Depressive symptoms decreased between sixth and seventh grade.
Answer: A
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5
Chapter 4: Research Methods in Clinical Psychology
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Q1) List and provide examples of three sources of research ideas.
Q2) Relying on common sense as a guide to appropriate decision-making can be problematic because
A) Information processing and decision-making can be illogical
B) rational decision making is based on observation.
C) rigidity in thought patterns can lead to faulty reasoning.
D) flexibility in thought patterns can lead to faulty reasoning.
Q3) _____________ refers to the extent to which the interpretations drawn from the results of a study can be justified and alternative interpretations can be reasonably ruled out.
A) External validity
B) Internal validity
C) Statistical conclusion validity
D) Internal reliability
Q4) Concluding there is no effect when a true effect exists is known as a
A) type I error.
B) type II error.
C) type III error.
D) low effect size.
Q5) Describe three threats to the internal validity of a study.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Assessment: Overview
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Q1) The extent to which a test provides a relatively pure measure of a psychological construct,and is not contaminated by other psychological constructs,is referred to as
A) discriminant validity.
B) concurrent validity.
C) predictive validity.
D) convergent validity.
Q2) Describe the term prognosis as it relates to the assessment process.
Q3) Provide an example of a specific assessment-focused service.What is the goal of the service?
Q4) Psychological assessment and psychological testing
A) refer to the same activities.
B) are related activities, but are not synonymous.
C) usually end up examining the same phenomena.
D) are different, in that testing is more complex and integrated than assessment.
Q5) Name and describe three of the purposes of psychological assessment.
Q6) Why do psychologists use screening measures?Why do psychologists use screening measures
Q7) What is the difference between treatment monitoring and treatment evaluation?
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Chapter 6: Assessment: Interviewing and Observation
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Q1) Clinical assessment interviews differ from social conversations in that
A) clinical assessment interviews are more free-flowing than are social conversations.
B) clinical assessment interviews do not involve reciprocally sharing of information between client and psychologist.
C) in social conversations, friends are more likely to interrupt each other, whereas in a clinical assessment interview, the psychologist shows greater patience.
D) none of the above
Q2) Problem definition questions address
A) frequency of the problem.
B) duration of the problem.
C) intensity of the problem.
D) all of the above.
Q3) Semi-structured diagnostic interviews were developed primarily to
A) help mental health professionals agree on the general features of a disorder.
B) help the client feel more comfortable in the interview setting.
C) improve inter-rater reliability in assigning diagnoses among mental health professionals.
D) all of the above.
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8
Chapter 7: Assessment: Intellectual and Cognitive Measures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Digit Span,Arithmetic,and Letter-Number Sequencing are subtests of the WAIS-IV that contribute to the ___________ index.
A) processing speed
B) working memory
C) perceptual reasoning
D) verbal comprehension
Q2) What is premorbid IQ?
Q3) Thurstone proposed that primary mental abilities
A) were distinct.
B) often overlapped.
C) overlapped moderately.
D) measured one factor.
Q4) Raymond Cattell proposed ____ general factors of intelligence,known as
A) 2 ; fluid intelligence and genetic intelligence
B) 2 ; fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence
C) 3 ; fluid, genetic, and crystallized intelligence
D) 3 ; fluid, genetic, and specialized intelligence
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Q5) What is the key difference between fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence?
Chapter 8: Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures
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Q1) The MCMI-III is designed to measure
A) clinical personality patterns.
B) major clinical syndromes.
C) clinical personality patterns and major clinical syndromes.
D) personality functioning in a non-clinical population.
Q2) The NEO Personality Inventory-3 is based on what model of personality?
A) Cognitive-social
B) Five-factor
C) Personality type categories
D) Triarchic theory of personality
Q3) A self-report measure,derived from descriptive characteristics of an experience or an event rather than from personality theories in which the person is asked to rate the frequency,intensity,or duration or particular behaviours or experiences is known as a(n)
A) behaviour checklist.
B) projective test.
C) intelligence test.
D) objective personality test.
Q4) List the three incremental steps for determining a measure's clinical utility by Hunsley and Bailey (1999):
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Assessment Integration and Clinical Decision-Making
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Q1) Research on the use of biases and heuristics has shown that clinicians tend to over-predict the violence of
A)black psychiatric inpatients and male patients.
B)black prison inmates and female patients.
C)white prison inmates and female patients.
D)white prison inmates and male patients.
Q2) Case formulation is required when:
A) there are complex issues of differential diagnosis.
B) the psychologist works within a psychodynamic framework.
C) there are no evidence based treatments to meet the person's symptom profile.
D) the psychologist has been asked to make recommendations about treatment.
Q3) Judgments that are systematically different from what a person should conclude based on logic or probability are known as _______,whereas mental shortcuts that make decision-making easier and faster but often lead to less accurate decisions are known as ________.
A)heuristics; biases
B)cognitive vulnerabilities; biases
C)biases; heuristics
D)biases; cognitive vulnerabilities
Q4) Describe two advantages of reviewing assessment reports with clients?
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Chapter 10: Prevention
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Q1) Which is Indicated preventive interventions?
Q2) Tobler and colleagues (2000)found substance abuse prevention programs were most effective when they were
A)non-interactive.
B)lecture-based.
C)interactive.
D)taught by psychologists rather than by teachers.
Q3) Meta-analytic data indicates that the positive effects of intensive preschool interventions for disadvantaged children are evident
A)only in the short-term.
B)in the short-term and medium-term,but not long-term.
C)in the short-term,medium-term,and long-term.
D)none of the above.
Q4) Research has shown that _______________ can be effective for children exposed to traumatic events.
A)psychodynamic therapy
B)cognitive-behaviour therapy
C)play therapy
D)psychological debriefing
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Chapter 11: Intervention: Overview
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Q1) On what basis did Barlow (2004)suggest that the terms psychological treatments and psychotherapy be differentiated?
Q2) Lilienfeld (2007)described the growing research base of psychological treatments that can cause harm.Two examples of this are:
A)cognitive-behavioural therapy and "Scared Straight" programs.
B)"Scared Straight" programs and rebirthing therapy.
C)rebirthing therapy and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy.
D)short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy.
Q3) Across different types of short term psychodynamic psychotherapies,therapy involves:
A)helping the client to understand phases of psychological development.
B)making unconscious processes conscious.
C)re-enacting in the relationship with the therapist issues that have troubled the client in the past.
D)all of the above.
Q4) List three questions that all clinical psychologists should be prepared to answer for potential clients about psychotherapy services.
Q5) What is transference?
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Chapter 12: Intervention: Adults and Couples
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Q1) What made it difficult to compare research conducted by behavioural therapists and traditional therapists in the mid-1900s?
A)Each research group used different criteria for including studies in their review.
B)Different criteria were used to evaluate whether therapy worked.
C)Interpretation of results was influenced by each group's biases.
D)All of the above.
Q2) The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)stepped care model for the management of depression includes the following possible treatments except:
A)electroconvulsive therapy.
B)antidepressant medication.
C)interpersonal psychotherapy.
D)transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Q3) Unpublished research is also known "grey literature" research,and can include
A)unpublished studies provided by researchers
B)only materials controlled by commercial publishers
C)peer-reviewed books
D)peer-reviewed journals.
Q4) Define benchmarking strategy.What is the main goal of this strategy?
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Chapter 13: Intervention: Children and Adolescents
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Q1) Patterson (2005)found that adolescent-parent contempt is associated with ____________,which in turn is associated with ___________.
A)delinquency; inconsistent and disrupted parental monitoring.
B)inconsistent and disrupted parental monitoring; delinquency
C)inconsistent and disrupted parental monitoring; school attendance.
D)delinquency; school attendance.
Q2) What are the NICE guidelines for treatment of depression in youth?
Q3) Evidence-based parenting programs are based on the assumption that oppositional child behaviour can be changed by modifying the child's social environment
A)through family therapy.
B)by role-playing with the child to teach him/her more appropriate conflict resolution skills.
C)by having the child challenge the underlying schemas that influence his/her behaviour.
D)by working with parents rather than by working directly with the child.
Q4) Briefly describe Evidence-based Parenting Programs and Multisystemic Therapy (MST)programs.List one thing these programs have in common,and one way in which they are different.
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Chapter 14: Intervention: Identifying Key Elements of Change
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Q1) List three client variables that influence treatment,and the manner in which they influence treatment.
Q2) In terms of psychological reactance,low-reactant clients usually experience greater therapeutic gains in ____ directive treatment,and high-reactant clients usually experience greater therapeutic gains in ____ directive treatment. A)more; less B)less; more
C)less; less D)more; more
Q3) Smith,Glass,and Miller (1980)conducted a meta-analysis of treatment outcome studies and found that ________________treatments had the largest effect sizes.
A)cognitive-behavioural
B)psychodynamic
C)humanistic
D)vocational counseling
Q4) Describe Jerome Frank's (1973,1982)model to explain all treatment effects.
Q5) How does psychological reactance influence the effectiveness of therapeutic directiveness?
16
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Chapter 15: Health Psychology, Clinical Neuropsychology, and Forensic Psychology
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Q1) What is clinical neuropsychology?
Q2) Define the conceptualization of disability within both a)a medical model and b)a social model.
Q3) Are cognitive-behavioural interventions for reducing symptoms in those suffering from insomnia effective? Further,how does CBT compare to pharmacotherapy in the treatment of insomnia?
Q4) What is the term used to describe the act of committing a crime after release from incarceration?
A)Relapse
B)Lapse
C)Recidivism
D)Recriminalization
Q5) In recent decades and many quality-of-life assessment tools have been developed for use with people suffering from mental and physical problems,for example,there is now considerable research on quality of life.
A)primarily with very elderly patients.
B)among children suffering from depression.
C)among people with cancer.
D)focusing on mental and not physical problems.
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