Psychological Statistics
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Psychological Statistics is a foundational course that introduces students to the principles and methods of statistical analysis as applied to psychological research. The course covers essential topics such as descriptive statistics, probability, hypothesis testing, correlation, regression, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), with a focus on interpreting and presenting data in the behavioral sciences. Students will learn how to choose appropriate statistical tests, analyze real-world data using statistical software, and critically evaluate statistical results in psychological literature. Emphasis is also placed on understanding the ethical use and limitations of statistics in psychological research, preparing students for advanced coursework and practical applications in psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences 9th Edition by Gravetter
Available Study Resources on Quizplus 15 Chapters
1269 Verified Questions
1269 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1194
Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23638
Sample Questions
Q1) A characteristic,usually a numerical value,which describes a sample is called a
A)parameter
B)statistic
C)variable
D)constant
Answer: B
Q2) A high school gym teacher records how much time each student requires to complete a one-mile run.This is an example of measuring a continuous variable.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which of the following is done last in the order of operations?
A)Squaring
B)Multiplication
C)Addition
D)Summation ( )
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
3
Chapter 2: Frequency Distributions
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23639
Sample Questions
Q1) For the following frequency distribution,what is ?X? \[\begin{array} { l l }
X & \mathrm { f } \\
\hline 30 - 34 & 1 \\
25 - 29 & 1 \\
20 - 24 & 3 \\
15 - 19 & 2 \\
10 - 14 & 1
\end{array}\]
A)8
B)90
C)110
D)Cannot be determined
Answer: D
Q2) Briefly explain what information is available in a regular frequency distribution table that is not available in a grouped table.
Answer: A regular table identifies each individual score.However,in a grouped table,you only know that an individual score is located in a particular interval,but you do not know its exact value.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Central Tendency
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
88 Verified Questions
88 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23640
Sample Questions
Q1) After every score in a sample is multiplied by 3,the mean is calculated and found to be M = 21.What was the mean for the original scores?
A)7
B)21
C)63
D)Cannot be determined from the information given
Answer: A
Q2) For a 100-point exam,a score of X = 65 is definitely above the median.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) One sample with n = 4 scores has a mean of M = 12,and a second sample with n = 6 scores has a mean of M = 8.If the two samples are combined,what is the mean for the combined set of scores?
A)4.8
B)9.6
C)10.0
D)19.2
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 5
Chapter 4: Variability
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23641
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following symbols identifies the population standard deviation?
A)s
B)s<sup>2</sup>
C)?
D)? <sup>2</sup>
Q2) For a population,a deviation score is computed as X - . A)True B)False
Q3) A sample with SS = 40 and a variance of 8 has n = 5 scores. A)True B)False
Q4) A sample of n = 7 scores has SS = 42.The variance for this sample is s² = 6. A)True B)False
Q5) The range is usually considered to be a relatively crude measure of variability. A)True B)False
Q6) The value for SS can never be less than zero. A)True B)False
Page 6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: z-Scores: Location of Scores and Standardized
Distributions
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23642
Sample Questions
Q1) Using z-scores,a population with µ = 37 and = 6 is standardized so that the new mean is µ = 50 and = 10.After the standardization,one individual has a score of X = 55.What was this individual's score in the original distribution?
A)X = 40
B)X = 42
C)X = 43
D)Cannot be determined with the information given
Q2) Last week Sarah had exams in math and in Spanish.On the math exam,the mean was µ = 40 with = 5,and Sarah had a score of X = 45.On the Spanish exam,the mean was µ = 60 with = 8,and Sarah had a score of X = 68.For which class should Sara expect the better grade?
A)Math
B)Spanish
C)The grades should be the same because the two exam scores are in the same location.
D)There is not enough information to determine which is the better grade.
Q3) Describe what happens to the mean,the standard deviation,and the shape of a distribution when all of the scores are transformed into z-scores.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Probability
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23643
Sample Questions
Q1) For a normal distribution,proportions in the right-hand tail are positive,and proportions in the left-hand tail are negative.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What proportion of a normal distribution is located between z = -1.50 and z = +1.50?
A)0.9332
B)0.0668
C)0.4332
D)0.8664
Q3) Which of the following accurately describes the proportions in the tails of a normal distribution?
A)Proportions in the right-hand tail are positive, and proportions in the left-hand tail are negative.
B)Proportions in the right-hand tail are negative, and proportions in the left-hand tail are positive.
C)Proportions in both tails are positive.
D)Proportions in both tails are negative.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
8
Chapter 7: Probability and Samples: The Distribution of Sample Means
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23644
Sample Questions
Q1) A sample is obtained from a population with = 20.If the sample mean has a standard error of 5 points,then the sample size is n = 4.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If random samples,each with n = 4 scores,are selected from a normal population with µ = 80 and = 36,what is the standard error for the distribution of sample means?
A)4
B)9
C)18
D)36
Q3) A random sample of n = 60 scores is selected from a population.Which of the following distributions will definitely be normal?
A)The scores in the sample will definitely form a normal distribution.
B)The scores in the population definitely will form a normal distribution.
C)The distribution of sample means will definitely form a normal distribution.
D)None of the distributions (the sample, population, or distribution of sample means) will definitely be normal.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 9
Chapter 8: Introduction to Hypothesis Testing
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23645
Sample Questions
Q1) When is there a risk of a Type I error?
A)Whenever H0 is rejected
B)Whenever H1 is rejected
C)Whenever the decision is "fail to reject H0"
D)The risk of a Type I error is independent of the decision from a hypothesis test.
Q2) A researcher expects a treatment to increase the scores for individuals in a population.The treatment is evaluated using a one-tailed hypothesis test,and the test produces z = +2.40.Based on this result,what is the correct statistical decision?
A)The researcher should reject the null hypothesis with = .05 but not with = .01.
B)The researcher should reject the null hypothesis with either = .05 or = .01.
C)The researcher should fail to reject H0 with either = .05 or = .01.
D)Cannot answer without additional information
Q3) A Type I error occurs when a treatment has no effect but the decision is to reject the null hypothesis.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 10
Chapter 9: Introduction to the t Statistic
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23646
Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher selects a sample from a population with a mean of µ = 40 and administers a treatment to the individuals in the sample.If the treatment is expected to decrease scores,which of the following is the correct statement of the null hypothesis for a one-tailed test?
A)µ > 20
B)µ < 45
C)µ > 40
D)µ < 80
Q2) What is the sample variance and the estimated standard error for a sample of n = 9 scores with SS = 72?
A)s<sup>2</sup> = 9 and sM = 3
B)s<sup>2</sup> = 9 and sM = 1
C)s<sup>2</sup> = 3 and sM = 3
D)s<sup>2</sup> = 3 and sM = 1
Q3) A sample of n = 4 scores has SS = 60.What is the variance for this sample?
A)30
B)20
C)16
D)15
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 11
Chapter 10: The t Test for Two Independent Samples
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23647
Sample Questions
Q1) If other factors are held constant,the larger the difference between the two sample means,the greater the likelihood that the independent-measures t test will find a significant difference.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following confidence intervals also indicates a significant difference between treatments with = .05?
A)Estimate that 1 - 2 is in an interval between 2 and 10 with 90% confidence
B)Estimate that 1 - 2 is in an interval between -2 and 8 with 90% confidence
C)Estimate that 1 - 2 is in an interval between 2 and 10 with 95% confidence
D)Estimate that 1 - 2 is in an interval between -2 and 8 with 95% confidence
Q3) If an independent-measures design is being used to compare two treatment conditions,then how many different groups of participants would be needed and how many scores would there be for each participant?
A)1 group, 1 score each
B)2 groups, 1 score each
C)1 group, 2 scores each
D)2 groups, 2 scores each
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: The t Test for Two Related Samples
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23648
Sample Questions
Q1) The following data were obtained from a repeated-measures research study.What is the value of SS for the difference scores? \[\begin{array} { l c c }
\text { Subject } & 1 \text { st } & 2 \text { nd } \\
\hline \# 1 & 10 & 11 \\
\# 2 & 4 & 6 \\
\# 3 & 7 & 9 \\
\# 4 & 6 & 5
\end{array}\]
A)10
B)6
C)4
D)1
Q2) A repeated-measures study comparing two treatments with a sample of n = 4 participants produces MD = 3 with SS = 48 for the set of difference scores.What is the repeated-measures t statistic for these data?
A)3/ 3 = 1.73
B)3/2 = 1.50
C)3/4 = 0.75
D)3/16 = 0.19
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 12: Introduction to Analysis of Variance
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/115820
Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher uses analysis of variance to test for mean differences among three treatments with a sample of n = 12 in each treatment.The F-ratio for this analysis would have what df values?
A)2, 11
B)2, 33
C)2, 35
D)2, 36
Q2) An analysis of variance produces \(S S _ { \text {between } }\) = 40 and t \(M S _ { \text {between } }\) = 20.In this analysis,how many treatment conditions are being compared?
A)2
B)3
C)4
D)20
Q3) Posttests such as Scheffé are not necessary for an analysis of variance comparing only two treatment conditions.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Repeated-Measures and Two-Factor Analysis of Variance
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23650
Sample Questions
Q1) In a repeated-measures analysis of variance,how does the magnitude of the mean differences from one treatment to another contribute to the F-ratio?
A)The mean differences add to the numerator of the F-ratio.
B)The mean differences add to the denominator of the F-ratio.
C)The mean differences add to both the numerator and the denominator of the F-ratio.
D)The sample mean differences do not influence the F-ratio.
Q2) In a two-factor analysis of variance,a main effect is defined as _____.
A)the mean differences among the levels of one factor
B)the mean differences among all treatment conditions
C)the mean difference between the two factors
D)the difference between the largest treatment mean and the smallest treatment mean
Q3) In the first stage of a repeated-measures ANOVA,total degrees of freedom is partitioned into _________________.
A)error df and between-subjects df
B)within-treatments df and between-subjects df
C)between-treatments df and between-subjects df
D)between-treatments df and within-treatments df
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 15
Chapter 14: Correlation and Regression
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23651
Sample Questions
Q1) Assuming that other factors are constant,a correlation of r = -0.95 will result in more accurate predictions than a correlation of r = +0.70.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following best describes the Pearson correlation for these data?
\[\begin{array} { l l }
\mathrm { X } & \mathrm { Y } \\
\hline 2 & 5 \\
5 & 1 \\
3 & 4 \\
4 & 2
\end{array}\]
A)Positive
B)Negative
C)Zero
D)Cannot be determined
Q3) The line defined by the equation Y = -3X + 6 slopes up to the right.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 16
Chapter 15: The Chi-Square Statistic: Tests for Goodness of
Fit and Independence
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23652
Sample Questions
Q1) For a chi-square test,the expected frequencies are calculated values that are intended to produce a sample that is representative of the null hypothesis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A researcher selects a sample of 100 people to investigate the relationship between gender (male/female)and registering to vote.The sample consists of 40 females,of whom 30 are registered voters,and 60 males,of whom 40 are registered voters.If these data were used for a chi-square test for independence,what is the observed frequency for registered males?
A)12
B)28
C)40
D)42
Q3) Under what conditions is Cramér's V used to measure effect size for a chi-square test for independence?
A)When both variables consist of exactly two categories
B)When both variables consist of more than two categories
C)When either of the two variables consists of exactly two categories
D)When either of the two variables consists of more than two categories
Page 17
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.