Psychological Science Test
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Course Introduction
Psychological Science is an introductory course that explores the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Students will examine foundational concepts in psychology, including biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, emotion, personality, and psychological disorders. Emphasizing research methods and critical thinking, the course highlights how psychologists investigate questions about the mind and behavior using empirical evidence. Through engaging lectures, discussions, and applied activities, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the core principles of psychology and their relevance to everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology Themes and Variations 9th Edition by Wayne Weiten
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Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ is based on the belief that psychology should investigate the purpose of consciousness.
Answer: Functionalism
Q2) Students are said to be "testwise" if they
A) have a knack for identifying "trick" questions. B) are particularly knowledgeable about the subject matter being tested. C) are skilled at using clues contained within a test to improve their scores. D) tend to score high on standardized tests.
Answer: C
Q3) An area of specialization in applied psychology that is primarily involved in the treatment of less severe problems of everyday life (such as marriage counseling)is A) social psychology.
B) counseling psychology.
C) clinical psychology.
D) cognitive psychology.
Answer: B
Q4) ____________________ includes socially shared values and norms that are transmitted across generations.
Answer: Culture
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Chapter 2: The Research Enterprise in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which research method involves an in-depth investigation of an individual subject?
A) an experiment
B) a case study
C) a survey
D) a naturalistic observation
Answer: B
Q2) In scientific investigations a researcher must clearly define the variables under study by precisely describing how they will be measured or controlled.These definitions are referred to as
A) objective definitions.
B) precise definitions.
C) operational definitions.
D) dictionary definitions.
Answer: C
Q3) Placebo effects and experimenter bias both show that personal experience can be
Answer: subjective
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Chapter 3: The Biological Bases of Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a neuron is stimulated and starts to receive information the neuron's electrical charge
A) becomes less negative
B) becomes more negative
C) immediately becomes positive
D) immediately affects the next neuron
Answer: A
Q2) A gene that must be paired with another gene just like itself to determine the phenotype is known as a heterozygous gene.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) For most people,the production of language resides in the A) posterior cerebral hemisphere.
B) central cerebral hemisphere.
C) right cerebral hemisphere.
D) left cerebral hemisphere.
Answer: D
Q4) The ____________________ serves as a relay station for sensory information. Answer: Thalamus
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a person views three lights that differ only in amplitude,the person would perceive the lights as
A) differing in brightness.
B) different colors.
C) differing in brightness and color.
D) different shades of the same color.
Q2) The stronger your expectation that a signal is present,the greater the likelihood that you will
A) miss a signal.
B) report a false alarm.
C) correctly reject a signal when it appears.
D) be aware of background noise.
Q3) MOST accurately,additive color mixing occurs when combining A) two or more colors.
B) the three primary colors.
C) lights of different colors.
D) pigments of different colors.
Q4) Provide an overview of the trichromatic and opponent process theories of color vision,and resolve the "debate" between the two.
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Chapter 5: Variations in Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among the following,which drug tends to produce tolerance most SLOWLY?
A) narcotics
B) stimulants
C) sedatives
D) alcohol
Q2) Signals sent from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the pineal gland have been implicated in
A) inducing sleep.
B) causing one to dream.
C) alpha rhythm generation.
D) resetting circadian rhythms.
Q3) Mark is meditating by attending to his immediate experience in a non-judgmental way.Mark is using which style of meditation?
A) focused attention
B) open monitoring
C) hypnotic induction
D) dissociation
Q4) ____________________ sleep consists of sleep stages 3 and 4 during which high-amplitude,low-frequency delta waves become prominent in EEG recordings.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Six-year-old Kristen is afraid of balloons because a balloon once popped in her face while she was holding it.Last week she went to the circus and there was a clown holding a huge assortment of helium balloons.Now she is also afraid of clowns,even though none of the balloons the clown was holding popped.Kristen's fear of clowns illustrates the classical conditioning process of
A) higher-order conditioning.
B) preparedness.
C) spontaneous recovery.
D) the renewal effect.
Q2) Which of the following most clearly shows that an animal's biological makeup can affect the ease of learning an association?
A) Pavlov's dogs, bells, and salivation
B) Thorndike's cats in a puzzle box
C) Skinner's rats in an operant chamber
D) Garcia's conditioned taste aversion experiments
Q3) Briefly describe observational learning,and explain how it relates to classical and operant conditioning.
Q4) ____________________ refers to a relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge due to experience.
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Chapter 7: Human Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Elliot is trying to memorize a speech for one of his classes.He stands in different locations in his apartment and reads each line of the speech out loud.Later,when he is in front of his classmates,he visualizes a walk through his apartment and he is able to successfully recall the entire speech.Elliot's memory strategy BEST illustrates the mnemonic device known as
A) the link method.
B) distributed practice.
C) acrostics.
D) the method of loci.
Q2) You are observing another student reading in the cafeteria.There are several distracting sounds,but the individual does not look up or otherwise appear to notice any of the disruptions.Based on Lavie's view of the attention filter,you should conclude that the person is reading ____ material because external information is being filtered ____.
A) complicated or complex; early
B) complicated or complex; late
C) simple; early
D) simple; late
Q3) Describe and explain the three basic processes of memory.
Q4) Outline some strategies that can be used to improve everyday memory.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Language and Thought
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research suggests that people tend to ____ how much regret they will experience as a result of a poor decision.
A) fail to consider
B) underestimate
C) accurately assess
D) overestimate
Q2) A study revealed that people gave higher ratings of a wine when the wine was A) endorsed by experts.
B) more expensive.
C) deeper in color.
D) stronger in aroma.
Q3) Skinner suggested that children learn how to construct grammatical sentences as a result of A) trial and error.
B) receiving specific instruction from adults on grammatical rules.
C) imitating the sentences of adults and older children.
D) the functioning of the language acquisition device (LAD).
Q4) For a given individual,the personal worth of an uncertain outcome represents that outcome's ____________________.
Q5) Summarize the effects of bilingualism on language and cognitive development.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Psychological Testing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is an example of reification?
A) Birds of a feather flock together.
B) Creative people are born, not raised.
C) She gets good grades in school because she is intelligent.
D) Intelligence tests are only moderate predictors of vocational success.
Q2) Intelligence testing is largely a(n)____________________ enterprise and does not generally translate into the language and cognitive framework of other cultures except for the Japanese.
Q3) If environment affects intelligence,you should predict that the IQs of children who stay in understaffed orphanages will
A) gradually decline as they grow older.
B) show the normal increases with development.
C) start out low, but gradually increase as they reach puberty.
D) be fairly normal until they reach puberty, when there will be a sharp decline.
Q4) Subject's scores on typical creativity tests depend on the number of alternatives they generate in response to a test item,as well as the originality and ____________________ of the alternatives.
Q5) Describe the components of Sternberg's concept of "successful intelligence."
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ____________________ theory of emotion argues that emotion occurs when the thalamus simultaneously sends signals to the cerebral cortex and to the autonomic nervous system.
Q2) The Featured Study on judging mate potential found that A) men's ratings of women correlated moderately with the women's interest in infants. B) men's ratings of women did not correlate with the women's interest in infants. C) women's ratings of men did not correlate with the men's interest in infants. D) women's ratings of men correlated moderately with the men's interest in infants.
Q3) Suppose you are a university counselor who wants to develop a program to improve students' academic performance.You believe that many students perform poorly because of motivational problems,including simple lack of motivation as well as being motivated by the wrong things.What are some of the considerations that should guide the design of your program?
Q4) Compare and contrast sexual motivation with the basic motives of hunger and thirst.How well do the concepts of drive and homeostasis contribute to understanding sexual motivation?
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Chapter 11: Human Development Across the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) The preoperational stage of cognitive development lasts from approximately A) birth to age 2.
B) ages 2 to 7.
C) ages 7 to 11.
D) age 11 onward.
Q2) According to Piaget,during the formal operational period of cognitive development,children begin to
A) acquire the concept of conservation.
B) understand the nature of hierarchical classification.
C) think primarily in terms of concrete objects or situations.
D) think in terms of abstract principles and hypothetical possibilities.
Q3) Dementia occurs in ____________________ of people over the age of 75.
Q4) In the early stages of Alzheimer's disease,the neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are largely centered in the A) left hemisphere of the cortex.
B) the brain stem.
C) hippocampal region.
D) the thalamus and hypothalamus.
Q5) Maternal ____________________ during the prenatal period has been linked to birth complications.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) When people show the hindsight bias,they act as if events that have already taken place,which would have been difficult to predict in advance,had in fact been inevitable.
A)True
B)False
Q2) To differentiate his approach from Freud's psychoanalytic theory,Carl Jung used the term "phenomenology."
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to the five-factor model of personality,people who score high in ____ are characterized as anxious,hostile,self-conscious,insecure and vulnerable.
A) neuroticism
B) extraversion
C) conscientiousness
D) openness to experience
Q4) List and describe the three components into which Freud divided the personality,and indicate how these are distributed across three levels of awareness.
Q5) Briefly describe the revisions of Freud's theory proposed by Jung and Adler.
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Chapter 13: Social Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Group cohesiveness is a key factor that contributes to groupthink.
A)True
B)False
Q2) People tend to see the diversity among the members of the ____ but overestimate the homogeneity of the ____.
A) ingroup; outgroup
B) outgroup; ingroup
C) majority; minority
D) minority; majority
Q3) When the causes of a person's behavior are attributed to situational demands and environmental constraints,it is referred to as
A) a stable attribution.
B) an unstable attribution.
C) an external attribution.
D) an internal attribution.
Q4) Evolutionary psychologists argue that many of the biases seen in social perception are counterproductive in the natural selection of social behavior.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Stress,Coping,and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Miranda started a small craft business in her home three years ago.Last year she finally moved her business into a small store along her town's main street.Last Saturday,most of her store's stock was destroyed as firefighters fought a fire that had started in the vacant office next to her store.As Miranda walks through her ruined store,she is most likely to experience a sense of
A) burnout
B) frustration
C) pressure
D) conflict
Q2) Suki routinely responds to stress with a learned helplessness response.Suki's response will involve
A) a release of emotional tension that often accompanies stress
B) passive behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events
C) protecting oneself from unpleasant situations by refusing to acknowledge them
D) atoning for unacceptable unconscious drives or impulses in socially acceptable ways
Q3) Discuss how stress affects immune functioning and how social support and personality can moderate the impact of stress.
Q4) Distinguish between acute and chronic stress.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the two major mood disorders and briefly explain how biological factors (genetic,neurochemical,and neuroanatomical)factors may be related to the development of mood disorders.
Q2) Studies that have evaluated concordance rates for various mood disorders have found
A) only unipolar disorder has a genetic component.
B) the influence of genetic factors appears to be stronger for unipolar disorders than for bipolar disorders.
C) the influence of genetic factors is the same for both bipolar and unipolar disorders.
D) the influence of genetic factors appears to be stronger for bipolar disorders than for unipolar disorders.
Q3) Describe the premise of the medical model of abnormal behavior.
Q4) The insanity defense is used in less than 1 percent of felony cases. A)True B)False
Q5) The ____________________ fallacy occurs when people estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone.
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Chapter 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Freud emphasized dream interpretation,genuineness,and empathy as critical components of therapy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Dr.Stefan feels psychology has focused for too long on sickness and human weakness.He would rather study human strengths and personal growth.Dr.Stefan is most likely a practitioner of
A) positive psychology.
B) individual psychology.
C) cognitive psychology.
D) ontological psychology.
Q3) Which group of therapeutic drugs tend to exert their effect almost immediately,but also tend to have an effect that lasts a short length of time?
A) antianxiety drugs
B) antidepressant drugs
C) antipsychotic drugs
D) mood stabilizers
Q4) How does biomedical therapy differ from psychotherapy in its approach?
Q5) Antipsychotic drugs are used primarily in the treatment of
18
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Chapter 17: Statistical Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) You find a correlation of .44 between a measure of subjects' extraversion and their reports of how many people they have dated in the last two years.This finding means that
A) 44 percent of extraverts date a lot.
B) extraversion accounts for 44 percent of the variation in the amount of subjects' dating.
C) high extraversion is associated with infrequent dating.
D) high extraversion is associated with more frequent dating.
Q2) When scores from a personality scale designed to measure agreeableness are plotted,the scores follow a normal distribution.This means that
A) the scores are evenly distributed across the entire range of possible scores.
B) people who score high in agreeableness tend to score high in other personality traits.
C) people who score high in agreeableness tend to score low in other personality traits.
D) most people score near the middle of the scale, and there are fewer people who score extremely high or extremely low in agreeableness.
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Chapter 18: Industrial organizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of industrial/organizational psychologists work either in A) government or industry
B) academia or industry
C) industry or consulting firms
D) government or universities
Q2) With which of the following statements would an industrial and organizational psychologist most likely disagree?
A) what is valued from work differs from person to person
B) work is an important part of life for most people
C) money is the sole source of motivation for workers
D) work provides many of the things people need and value
Q3) Dr.Carver works for a manufacturing company changing the designs of machinery so workers can work more quickly,but also safely.Dr.Carver is most likely a practitioner of A) industrial psychology
B) human factors psychology
C) social psychology
D) organizational psychology
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Chapter 19: Psychology and Environmental Sustainability: Conservation Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sara is out for a walk with her son when she picks up a piece of litter.When they see another piece of litter,her son picks it up.Sara has used the technique known as ________ to teach her son to pick up litter.
A) anchoring
B) reinforcement
C) modeling
D) norming
Q2) North Americans dispose of approximately ________ pounds of garbage per day.
A) 2
B) 4.5
C) 12.8
D) 18.4
Q3) Researchers in social psychology study norms of behavior.They distinguish between two types of norms-______________ which let others know what is expected or approved of,and _________________ which are what most people do in a certain situation.
A) injunctive; descriptive
B) emulative; illustrative
C) inferential; hackneyed
D) approbative; tacit
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