Psychological Science
Test Questions
Course Introduction
Psychological Science is an introductory course that explores the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. It covers foundational topics such as perception, cognition, emotion, learning, development, and social interactions while examining the biological, psychological, and environmental factors that influence human thought and behavior. Students will engage with research methods, critical thinking, and ethical considerations within psychology, gaining an appreciation for the practical applications of psychological theories in everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology An Introduction 10th Edition by Benjamin Lahey
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17 Chapters
3025 Verified Questions
3025 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The method of looking inward at the contents of one's conscious experience as accurately and unemotionally as possible is referred to as:
A) circumspection.
B) introspection.
C) introversion.
D) extroversion.
Answer: B
Q2) An outspoken advocate for behaviorism,____________ insisted that psychology should abandon the study of mental processes altogether.
Answer: J B Watson
Q3) A psychologist is teaching stress-management skills to a group of corporate executives.Which subspecialty is the psychologist working in?
A) educational psychology
B) school psychology
C) social psychology
D) health psychology
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Research Methods in Psychology
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181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Professor Hornstein conducted a study that confirmed that children who play with toy guns commit more acts of aggression on the elementary school playground.Professor Kahey conducted a follow-up study and reached the same conclusion.Professor Wiggen's follow-up study did not reach the same conclusions.What can you conclude about Professor Hornstein's research?
A) Her research will need to be replicated many more times before a hypothesis is confirmed.
B) Her results must be incorrect.
C) Because a second researcher confirmed her conclusions,her conclusions are justified.
D) Professor Hornstein's results are accurate,and Professor Wiggen's must have been mistaken.
Answer: A
Q2) In a formal experiment,which group is the experimental group?
A) the group that is subjected to manipulation
B) the randomly assigned group
C) the group that is not subjected to manipulation
D) the group that is representative of the general population
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations in Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Javier was on his nightly run through his neighborhood when he was robbed at gunpoint by two individuals wearing ski masks.What hormones were probably activated during this encounter?
A) estrogen and progesterone
B) epinephrine and norepinephrine
C) testosterone and estrogen
D) endorphins and enkaphalins
Answer: B
Q2) Enrico developed a blood clot that destroyed part of his thalamus.Which of the following symptoms would most likely relate to this damage?
A) wild irrational joy for no apparent reason
B) constant dizziness and loss of balance
C) perceptual deficits
D) permanent coma
Answer: C
Q3) The primary hormone secreted by the pineal gland is ____________. Answer: melatonin
Q4) The ____________ allows your eyes to track moving targets. Answer: midbrain
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Chapter 4: The Interplay of Nature and Nurture
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Sample Questions
Q1) When comparing gender differences in mathematical ability,what interesting finding was made?
A) The differences between genders are greater than the differences within each gender.
B) The differences between genders are less than the differences within each gender.
C) Most men score higher than most women.
D) There are actually no significant differences between men and women in mathematical ability.
Q2) Twin and adoption studies have proven to play a valuable role in research for which of the following reasons?
A) Selective breeding experiments that could provide answers about the role of nature and nurture are considered unethical for human beings.
B) Selective breeding experiments that could provide answers about the role of nature and nurture are considered ethical for human beings.
C) Such studies are helpful in gaining knowledge about population control.
D) Such studies will assist scientists in perfecting the science of cloning.
Q3) ____________ is the subjective experience of being a male or female.
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ear's sensory receptor cells sit on the ____________.
Q2) Light is a small part of the form of energy known as:
A) radiation.
B) radioactive energy.
C) electromagnetic radiation.
D) electrochemical radiation.
Q3) Which of the following is a true statement about the influence of pheromones on humans?
A) Effects of pheromones may be due to their pleasant odor.
B) There is no evidence of pheromones affecting humans.
C) Pheromones and chemicals that humans detect as odors are processed in the same area of the brain.
D) Women's mood appears to improve when they inhale a male sex hormone found on the skin.
Q4) The vestibular organ is located in the:
A) organ of Corti
B) semicircular canals
C) inner ear
D) utricle
Q5) The intensity of a sound is measured in ____________.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: States of Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Night terrors and sleepwalking are MOST common in:
A) children.
B) young adults.
C) creative individuals.
D) the elderly.
Q2) Which theorist proposed that hypnosis involves a magnetic energy?
A) Theodore Barber
B) Anton Mesmer
C) Ernst Hilgard
D) Sigmund Freud
Q3) The drugs that most powerfully alter consciousness and typically alter perceptual experiences are ____________.
Q4) How much alcohol is associated with a blood-alcohol level of .08?
A) 4 ounces of 100-proof liquor in 1 hour
B) 2 ounces of 100-proof liquor in 1 hour
C) 16 ounces of beer in 1 hour
D) It is influenced by many factors and thus differs by person and situation.
Q5) Freud believed that ____________ helped reduce tension from unmet needs and unfulfilled wishes.
Q6) Compare and contrast nightmares with night terrors.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Basic Principles of Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) A negative consequence that leads to a reduction in the likelihood of a behavior is referred to as a punishment.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Your boss is so crabby on Mondays that you know he will yell at you.Over time,you begin to call in sick on Mondays.You are reinforcing your absence on Mondays through:
A) escape conditioning.
B) avoidance conditioning.
C) punishment.
D) positive reinforcement.
Q3) Generally,phobias are initially learned through classical conditioning but are maintained over time through:
A) negative reinforcement (escape conditioning).
B) punishment.
C) positive reinforcement.
D) negative reinforcement (avoidance conditioning).
Q4) Write about two practical applications of taste aversions.You may use examples from your text or develop your own examples.
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Chapter 8: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) When using short-term memory,which of the following brain areas is active?
A) hippocampus
B) auditory cortex
C) frontal lobes
D) hypothalamus
Q2) Which of the following observations supports the claim that short-term memories are frequently represented as acoustic codes?
A) If you are trying to retain information in short-term memory,you tend to rehearse it over and over.
B) Most people have better acoustic memory than visual memory.
C) People tend to make acoustic "mistakes" when they encode in short-term memory.
D) People use language to organize information in the brain.
Q3) Your chemistry teacher gives you a list of 25 elements and asks you to circle the elements that are minerals.You are completing a:
A) relearning task.
B) recall task.
C) reconstruction task.
D) recognition task.
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Chapter 9: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) From the perspective of cognitive psychology,the central function of cognition is to allow people to:
A) feel,care,and experience.
B) understand,communicate,and cope.
C) sense,record,and copy.
D) experience,feel,and react.
Q2) Intelligence tests must be objective,which means that:
A) there is some allowance for interpretation as to what can be considered a correct answer.
B) factors other than the individual's performance are allowed to influence scoring but only if the differences are slight.
C) the examiner is allowed to exhibit personal factors,such as present mood state or opinion toward the examinee.
D) none of these occur.
Q3) ____________ concepts are defined by the presence of one common characteristic,or another one,or both.
Q4) The prevailing theory on what is "g" is that people with high g have a greater ability to form ____________ in the brain.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Developmental Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a true statement about contemporary opinions regarding the role of early,abnormal experiences in humans?
A) It is clear that such experiences produce irreversible damage.
B) It is clear that such experiences can be reversed under favorable conditions.
C) It is clear that such experiences have no influence on later development.
D) Psychologists are not in agreement regarding this issue.
Q2) In recent research of adult development,findings suggest that:
A) women are different from men in the way they resolve the challenges of adulthood. B) women are different from men in the way they perceive the challenges of adulthood. C) broad similarities exist between the patterns of adult development in women and men.
D) women are vastly different from men in the order of their adult stages.
Q3) In Piaget's ____________ stage,children learn to think in abstract and hypothetical ways.
Q4) Evaluate the truths and myths about middle age: what evidence is there to support or refute the concept of the "mid-life crisis."
Q5) Summarize the physical changes associated with puberty for males and females.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rachel has learned to smile when she is given a gift,even when she does not like it.Izard has suggested that this will cause Rachel to experience which of the following?
A) anger
B) frustration
C) sadness
D) happiness
Q2) Diane loves psychology.Each day she can't wait to get to class.Outside of class,she reads books on the subject,searches the Internet for pertinent topics,and is determined to know as much as she can about the subject area.One would be most likely to conclude that Diane is motivated by:
A) performance-approach goals.
B) performance-avoidance goals.
C) mastery goals.
D) extrinsic rewards.
Q3) Motives are activated by:
A) thoughts.
B) internal physiological states.
C) external cues.
D) all of these.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Personality Theories and Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Bandura,the single most important thought in healthy personality development is:
A) "I can do it."
B) "I am loved."
C) "I am a good person."
D) "The world is safe."
Q2) The assumption of a _____________ is that people will "project" unconscious thoughts and motives onto the ambiguous stimuli.
Q3) According to Adler,who is particularly important in children's outgrowing of their initial sense of inferiority?
A) parents and caretakers
B) peers
C) one's significant other
D) siblings
Q4) Horney believed that the source of all conflicts is:
A) inadequate parenting.
B) uncontrolled instinctual impulses.
C) conditions of worth.
D) poor modeling.
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Chapter 13: Stress and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following factors appear to be related to slower progress of the HIV infection EXCEPT:
A) stress-reduction therapy.
B) aerobic exercise.
C) experiencing fewer negative life events.
D) coping with stressful events with denial.
Q2) In the Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment Scale,individuals:
A) are scored on how well they are coping with their current stresses.
B) describe how they would respond to a series of stressful events.
C) receive a score based on adding up the life change units experienced during the past year.
D) are coached on how best to cope with their daily hassles.
Q3) The general adaptation syndrome is most beneficial when dealing with:
A) immediate emergencies.
B) high-pressure lifestyles.
C) long-term illness.
D) multiple daily hassles.
Q4) It has been estimated that ______ minutes of exercise will raise your heart rate
Q5) Discuss the relationship between depression and immune system functioning.
Page 15
Q6) ____________ is stress that results from the threat of a negative event.
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Chapter 14: Abnormal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement explains why watching sexually explicit films is generally NOT considered to be voyeurism?
A) There is no sexual arousal involved when watching the films.
B) Sexual arousal is not dependent on an inanimate object.
C) People watching the films do not engage in sexual behavior while watching them.
D) Watching sexually explicit films does not involve watching an unsuspecting stranger.
Q2) Given the definition of abnormal behavior as used by the mental health community,approximately what percentage of individuals in the United States meet the criteria for abnormal behavior?
A) 5%
B) 8%
C) 10%
D) 20%
Q3) Waxy flexibility is associated with:
A) disorganized schizophrenia.
B) undifferentiated schizophrenia.
C) catatonic schizophrenia.
D) paranoid schizophrenia.
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Chapter 15: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________ is a cognitive-behavioral technique used to treat phobias by extinguishing the fear response.
Q2) Jack brings Jill flowers for no special occasion.Jill says,"Okay,what did you do wrong?" Jill's assumption that Jack's flowers are not a positive thing is an example of which of the following patterns of thinking?
A) minimization
B) selective abstraction
C) absolutistic thinking
D) arbitrary inference
Q3) Describe social skills training and cognitive restructuring.
Q4) The ultimate effect of psychiatric medications is to:
A) sedate people in order to lessen the impact of their behaviors.
B) keep people with mental illness quiet.
C) help patients' brains operate more normally.
D) change one's cognitions to a socially acceptable way of thinking.
Q5) The maladaptive pattern of thinking of reaching conclusions based on little or no logical evidence is called ____________.
Q6) ____________ is any form of opposition on the part of the patient to the process of psychoanalysis.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following,which conclusion is BEST supported by the Zimbardo prison study?
A) Social roles can have a greater impact on behavior than personal values.
B) People will believe what others believe despite strong contradictory evidence.
C) Media violence can be translated into actual behavior if relevant social cues are available.
D) Minority groups can resist assimilation into larger groups if they maintain close contact with other minority members.
Q2) In which situation are you MOST likely to receive help from a passerby?
A) when the person determines that your situation is not an emergency
B) when the person who sees that you need help is alone
C) when there are many people who see that you need help
D) it depends solely on the passerby's individual characteristics
Q3) Faulty attributions can make stereotypes stronger.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Define the primacy effect,and describe three ways that you can "undo" a bad first impression.
Q5) The importance of first impressions has been termed the ____________.
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Chapter 17: Psychology Applied to Business and Other
Professions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals who are opposed to capital punishment are generally ____________ likely to convict a criminal defendant.
Q2) Of the following tests,which would be MOST appropriate for use in employee selection?
A) a polygraph test
B) a projective test
C) a performance test
D) the MMPI-2
Q3) Jurors who are which of the following are MORE likely to convict the defendant,independent of the facts of the case?
A) well-educated
B) black
C) young
D) politically liberal
Q4) Which two psychological factors are BEST associated with good job performance?
A) extroversion and willingness to learn
B) conscientiousness and intelligence
C) intelligence and agreeableness
D) honesty and willingness to learn
19
Q5) The best predictor of future performance in skilled
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