Psychological Science Test
Preparation
Course Introduction
Psychological Science is an introductory course that explores the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Covering foundational topics such as biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, development, emotion, personality, and social interaction, the course emphasizes critical thinking and evidence-based analysis. Students will gain insights into how psychological research is conducted, including experimental design, data interpretation, and ethical considerations. By examining contemporary issues and classic studies, the course provides a broad understanding of how psychological principles can be applied to everyday life and societal challenges.
Recommended Textbook
The Science of Psychology An Appreciative View 3rd Edition by Laura A. King
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17 Chapters
3144 Verified Questions
3144 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Psychology?
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychologists use the perspective of _____ to study the role of the brain in psychological processes.
A)neuroscience
B)psychoanalysis
C)humanism
D)behaviorism
Answer: A
Q2) During a therapy session,Mrs.Brown's therapist,Donald,asks Mrs.Brown about her dreams because he believes that they are a key to her unconscious mind.In this scenario,Donald is most likely using the _____ approach to psychology.
A)behavioral
B)cognitive
C)sociocultural
D)psychodynamic
Answer: D
Q3) What is psychopathology?
Answer: Clinical psychologists are interested in psychopathology,which is the scientific study of psychological disorders and the development of diagnostic categories and treatments for those disorders.
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Psychologys Scientific Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) Before agreeing to participate in a psychological research study,all participants must know what their participation will involve and what risks might develop.According to the American Psychological Association (APA)guidelines,which of the following addresses this issue?
A)Debriefing
B)Informed consent
C)Nondisclosure agreement
D)Meta-analysis
Answer: B
Q2) Standard deviation is an inferential statistic.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) In psychological research,a correlational study is used to determine:
A)cause and effect between variables.
B)the link between variables.
C)the nature of dependent and independent variables.
D)a measure of central tendency.
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations of Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the context of specialized cell structure,the _____ is the part of the neuron that carries information away from the cell body toward other cells.
A)axon
B)dendrites
C)glial cell
D)nucleus
Answer: A
Q2) In the context of the nervous system,by far,the majority of information processing in the brain is done by _____.
A)neurons
B)glial cells
C)astrocytes
D)satellite cells
Answer: A
Q3) The pancreas is a dual-purpose gland under the stomach that performs both digestive and endocrine functions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fred always comments that his mother's and sister's voices sound alike on the telephone.Both voices are equally high-pitched and loud.Yet,he is able to tell the voices apart by a subtle difference in their voice quality.This difference is most likely due to the feature of sound known as _____.
A)timbre
B)wavelength
C)frequency
D)amplitude
Q2) In the context of the auditory system,frequency theory states that:
A)the vibrations in the ear produced by auditory stimuli travel in one direction-from the tip of the cochlea to the oval window.
B)each frequency produces vibrations at a particular spot on the basilar membrane of the inner ear.
C)the perception of a sound's frequency depends on how often the auditory nerve fires.
D)a cluster of nerve cells in the inner ear can fire neural impulses in rapid succession.
Q3) What are the two distinct systems that form the chemical senses?
Q4) Describe the main principles of the trichromatic theory of color vision.
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6
Chapter 5: States of Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Night terrors typically occur:
A)among older adults.
B)during non-REM sleep.
C)due to sleep apnea.
D)within an hour of falling asleep.
Q2) _____ are psychoactive drugs that modify a person's perceptual experiences and produce visual images that are not real.
A)Depressants
B)Stimulants
C)Amphetamines
D)Hallucinogens
Q3) Howard attends a college party where his friend offers him Valium,a tranquilizer.Howard feels very relaxed after taking the drug.Henceforth,he continues taking a Valium pill every day for the next six months.However,he increases his dose to two times a day to achieve the same calming effect.Howard's behavior is likely the result of:
A)transitive inference.
B)tolerance.
C)assimilation.
D)lowered inhibitions.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Learning is defined as:
A)a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience.
B)the organization and understanding of sensory information.
C)an individual's awareness of his or her own thoughts.
D)the growth of humans through the lifespan, from conception to death.
Q2) One very powerful aspect of potentially stressful experiences is their predictability.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _____ in operant conditioning refers to the removal of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to decrease the frequency of that behavior.
A)Positive reinforcement
B)Positive punishment
C)Negative reinforcement
D)Negative punishment
Q4) Applied behavior analysis is:
A)the use of psychoanalytic principles to explain behavior.
B)the use of evolutionary ideas to explain specific human behaviors.
C)the use of operant conditioning principles to change human behavior.
D)the use of altruistic tendencies to predict human behavior.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Yvette remembers the time that she and her brother got lost in the park.This is an example of _____ memory.
A)retrospective
B)prospective
C)procedural
D)semantic
Q2) Which of the following is true of elaboration in memory?
A)The less elaborate the processing within deep processing, the better the memory.
B)There is no link between brain activity and elaboration during encoding.
C)Elaboration becomes difficult when self-reference techniques are used.
D)Elaboration can occur at any level of processing.
Q3) The term "reminiscence bump" refers to the fact that adults remember more events from the fourth decade of their lives than they do from the second and third decades.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Using the principles of encoding,explain why the primacy effect and recency effect occur.
Q5) Describe the concepts of declarative memory and nondeclarative memory.
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eric,a rock musician,has recently launched his music album.All his songs in the new album are based on suggestions from his fans about the lyrics,genre,and so on.Which of the following processes of thinking did he engage in during the initial stage of his music album?
A)Divergent thinking
B)Controlled thinking
C)Convergent thinking
D)Automatic thinking
Q2) Sharon had a major argument with Terence,her fifty-year-old general manager in her previous company,whom she perceives as being arrogant and snobbish.Following the argument,she quit her job and found a job in another company and is currently working under Ian who is about the same age as Terence.She now feels that Ian is also arrogant and snobbish.According to the biases and heuristics in decision making,it can be concluded that Sharon is likely to employ _____ in this scenario.
A)availability heuristic
B)representativeness heuristic
C)base rate neglect
D)hindsight bias
Q3) Define a concept.List the characteristics of a concept.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Human Development
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The neural tube is formed during the _____ period.
A)germinal
B)embryonic
C)fetal
D)infant
Q2) A fetus is immune to the larger environment surrounding the mother,because it is protected by the womb of the mother.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the hormonal stress theory.
Q4) One of the ways older adults navigate the physical changes associated with age is through _____,which is a process of changing goals and developing new ways to engage in desired activities.
A)selective optimization with compensation
B)exploration with commitment
C)identity matching
D)lateralization
Q5) Biculturalism is a challenge for those trying to establish an ethnic identity.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ryan realizes that his heart is beating faster than usual the moment Jenna walks into the classroom.He wonders whether he has a crush on her.This reaction is best explained by the _____.
A)James-Lange theory
B)Cannon-Bard theory
C)drive reduction theory
D)two-factor theory
Q2) The hormone cholecystokinin (CCK)helps start the digestion of food in the body.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Bianca is very self-conscious about her weight.She indulges in strict dieting and often she skips her meals.As a result,she was recently diagnosed with osteoporosis,an abnormal condition related to the thinning of bones.Bianca is most likely to be diagnosed with _____.
A)somnambulism
B)anorexia nervosa
C)bulimia nervosa
D)binge eating disorder
Q4) Give a brief account of the facial feedback hypothesis.
Q5) Explain "competence" with regard to self-determination theory.
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Chapter 11: Gender, Sex, and Sexuality
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jessica,a young woman,has a strong sexual preference for other women while Jim,a 30-year-old man,is only interested in dating women.In the context of sexual orientation,what similarities do Jessica and Jim most likely share in terms of brain structure?
A)They both have brains in which the right hemisphere is larger in comparison to the left hemisphere.
B)They both have brains in which the right and left hemispheres are symmetrical to each other.
C)They both have brains with a thick corpus callosum.
D)They both have brains in which the corpus callosum is partially or completely absent.
Q2) Which of the following questions best reflects the social cognitive approach to gender related behavior?
A)How do genetic factors influence the development of gender identity?
B)How do peer groups react to children who behave in gender-atypical ways?
C)Do sex differences in nonhuman primates show the same patterns as those found in humans?
D)Do gender differences people see in one culture translate to another?
Q3) What is sexual masochism disorder?
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Heather goes home to her mother every time she has an argument with her husband.According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory,Heather is unconsciously engaging in _____.
A)sublimation
B)repression
C)regression
D)reaction formation
Q2) Gus,a successful manager,quits his job and joins college at the age of forty to study art.A proponent of Abraham Maslow's humanistic theory would most likely argue that Gus went back to college because:
A)he had unresolved childhood issues.
B)he wanted to change his persona.
C)he chose to develop his full potential.
D)he wanted to prove that he was superior to others.
Q3) Describe the concept of subjective well-being in the context of personality and psychological health.
Q4) Describe self-efficacy as a personality characteristic that is related to good health.
Q5) Discuss Carl Rogers's approach toward promoting optimal functioning in an individual.
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Twelve-year-old Ryan's father returns from work tired.Ryan wants his father to take him to his favorite movie,which starts in an hour.Which route of persuasion should Ryan attempt to obtain the highest rate of success?
A)Central
B)Peripheral
C)Egotistic
D)Altruistic
Q2) Lily and her classmates are asked to write an essay on what they want to be when they are older.Although Lily wants to be a florist,she does not write about it.Instead,she writes about wanting to be a doctor because most of her friends want to be doctors.In the context of social influence,Lily is best exhibiting _____.
A)conformity
B)obedience
C)reactance
D)altruism
Q3) Effort justification is one type of dissonance reduction.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the social exchange theory in the context of close relationships.
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Chapter 14: Industrial and Organizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The JAPAnese management style:
A)emphasizes efficiency and "the bottom line".
B)emphasizes innovation and decision-making based on quality.
C)is narrowly focused on economic results.
D)is an extension of Frederick Taylor's approach to scientific management.
Q2) Which of the following statements demonstrates how the Hawthorne studies affected industrial and organizational (I/O)research?
A)The studies reinforced the principles of scientific management.
B)The studies confirmed the idea that what was good for business was good for the employee.
C)The studies steered research away from scientific management and toward human relations.
D)All of these
Q3) Which of the following is true of ergonomics?
A)Ergonomics is a field that focuses on studying group and intergroup phenomena.
B)Ergonomics is a field that focuses on the social environment of the workplace.
C)Ergonomics is a field that focuses on combining engineering and psychology.
D)All of these
Q4) Explain the four elements of transformational leadership.
Q5) Explain how job satisfaction is related to pay.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following groups has the highest suicide rate among all the other demographic groups in the United States?
A)Latinos
B)Non-Latino white males
C)African Americans
D)Native Americans
Q2) The gender differences in panic disorder may be due to the presence of certain hormones.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Amok is a psychological disorder that is associated with the culture of the people living in _____.
A)the United States
B)the Philippines
C)China
D)JAPAn
Q4) What are the major criticisms associated with the DSM-5?
Q5) Give a brief account of the biological factors involved in the development of schizophrenia.
Page 17
Q6) Give a brief account of the sociocultural factors involved in suicide.
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Chapter 16: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dylan tells his therapist that he was born to cause embarrassment to his parents and will always be their source of embarrassment for as long as he is alive.In response to Dylan's statement,his therapist suggests him to explore his views regarding this statement from different perspectives.According to this scenario,which of the following cognitive therapy techniques has been implemented by Dylan's therapist?
A)Examining advantages and disadvantages
B)Examining options and alternatives
C)Scaling
D)Decatastrophizing
Q2) Which of the following individuals would be benefitted from client-centered therapy?
A)Marianne, who is suffering from agoraphobia
B)Sidney, who is suffering from mild depression
C)Jamie, who is suffering from sleep apnea
D)Kendall, who is suffering from autism
Q3) Dreams contain information that is common for all individuals.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the role of a therapist in obtaining effective therapeutic outcomes.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Health Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true of the relationship between stress and cardiovascular disease?
A)Individuals who have had major life changes have a lower incidence of heart disease.
B)People in a chronically stressed condition are less likely to take up smoking.
C)Chronic emotional stress is associated with heart attacks and early deaths.
D)The body's internal reactions to stress merely constitute the risk people face.
Q2) According to Hans Selye,in which of the following stages of the general adaptation syndrome does a person exert an all-out effort to combat stress?
A)Alarm
B)Resistance
C)Primary
D)Exhaustion
Q3) Setting short-term achievable goals distract individuals from achieving their target.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the HPA axis and its functions.
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Page 19