Psychological Science
Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Psychological Science explores the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, examining how individuals think, feel, and act in various contexts. This course introduces students to key concepts, theories, and research methods in psychology, covering topics such as cognitive processes, emotion, development, personality, social interactions, and mental health. Emphasis is placed on understanding how psychological knowledge is generated and applied, fostering critical thinking and scientific literacy for analyzing human behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Edition 4th Edition by Roy F. Baumeister
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
19 Chapters
2843 Verified Questions
2843 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/297 Page 2
Chapter 1: The Mission and the Method
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
215 Verified Questions
215 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4937
Sample Questions
Q1) Correlation coefficients are used to describe the relationship between two variables. They are usually denoted using the letter ____.
A) \(n\)
B) \(p\)
C) \(r\)
D) \(q\)
Answer: C
Q2) If you conduct a study and predict that excessive computer use causes social awkwardness, then social awkwardness is the ____________________ variable.
Answer: dependent
Q3) The purposes of the oral or written statement participants receive at the end of a psychological study include _____.
A) explaining to them what informed consent actually is
B) ensuring that they receive appropriate compensation
C) reducing or eliminating harm caused by their participation
D) allowing them to refuse to allow their data to be used
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
3
Chapter 2: Culture and Nature
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4938
Sample Questions
Q1) Unlike other animals, humans are able to continually build off of the knowledge and achievements of past generations. The textbook refers to this ability as ____.
A) progress
B) systematic culture
C) praxis
D) a network of exchange
Answer: A
Q2) Having a smaller car improves your gas mileage and is better for the environment, but you may get a more severe injury in an accident or feel a little cramped. This statement illustrates a(n) ________________.
Answer: tradeoff
Q3) Research indicates that humans and other primates (e.g., chimpanzees) evolved to care more about the future than about immediate costs and benefits.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Culture primarily serves to teach people ________________.
Answer: restraint (self-control or self control)
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: The Self
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
190 Verified Questions
190 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4939
Sample Questions
Q1) Considering white Americans, African-Americans, and other ethnic minority groups in the U.S., ____ tend to have the highest levels of self-esteem, followed by ____ and then ____.
A) white Americans; African Americans; other minority groups
B) white Americans; other minority groups; African Americans
C) African Americans; white Americans; other minority groups
D) other minority groups; African Americans; white Americans
Answer: C
Q2) People with excessively high self-esteem, self-love, and a selfish orientation are known as ________________.
Answer: narcissists
Q3) When are narcissists MOST likely to be aggressive?
A) After they are told that they got the highest grade in the class
B) Before they have to do an interview for a job
C) After they find out they didn't get a job they really wanted
D) Before they take a test
Answer: C
Q4) The part of the self that exerts control and makes choices is called the ________________.
Answer: agent self.
Page 5
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 4: Choices and Actions
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
195 Verified Questions
195 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4940
Sample Questions
Q1) The ability to make immediate sacrifices for later rewards is known as ____.
A) goal shielding
B) incremental awareness
C) the capacity to delay gratification
D) learned helplessness
Q2) The acronym TOTE-which stands for "Test, Operate, Test, Exit"-is shorthand for the processes involved in ____.
A) setting goals
B) pursuing, or striving for, goals
C) making plans about how to execute goals
D) monitoring oneself
Q3) Research shows that when making decisions, MOST people are more interested in ____ as opposed to ____.
A) avoiding losses; pursuing gains
B) pursuing gains; avoiding losses
C) taking a gamble; "sure things"
D) "sure things"; taking a gamble
Q4) Monitoring is one of the key components of self-regulation.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Social Cognition
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4941
Sample Questions
Q1) The simulation heuristic tends to invoke ____ thinking.
A) debiasing
B) magical
C) counterregulatory
D) counterfactual
Q2) Letha has just met her first Mormon missionary. In conversation, she finds out that he is a collector of rare books. If Letha commits the one-shot illusory correlation, she will ____.
A) think that the missionary believes he is better than her because of his hobby
B) believe she can persuade the missionary that her religion is the better world view
C) believe many Mormons collect rare books
D) attribute his collection behavior to his scholarly character
Q3) Within the field of social cognition, scripts can be thought of as ____.
A) more elaborate, or complex, versions of schemas
B) schemas about events
C) preliminary versions of schemas
D) finalized versions of schemas
Q4) The state of having too much information to make a decision or remain informed about a topic is known as ________________.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Emotion and Affect
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4942
Sample Questions
Q1) Washing one's hands is thought to most influence which of the following emotions?
A) Contempt
B) Sadness
C) Guilt
D) Anger
Q2) One of the best things to do if you want to feel good and avoid emotional distress is to ____.
A) form and maintain good social relationships with others
B) limit your social contact with others
C) have high affective intensity
D) have low affective intensity
Q3) Briefly compare and contrast the three major theories of how emotion works: the James-Lange theory and the Schachter-Singer theory (as well as its attendant notion of misattribution of arousal).
Q4) Research on anger indicates that it ____.
A) is almost invariably associated with avoidance
B) is no different from other negative emotions
C) rarely provides any motivational force to change
D) can be a powerful motivator for confrontation
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Attitudes, Beliefs and Consistency
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4943
Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement best describes the influence of attitudes?
A) Attitudes impede decision-making processes.
B) Attitudes make it more difficult to adjust to new situations.
C) Attitudes require more than a "gut-level" response.
D) Attitudes help us adapt.
Q2) According to cognitive dissonance theory, "we come to love the things we suffer for."
For example, we tend to be especially loyal to groups that require severe or painful initiations. Why does this happen?
A) This happens because the goals themselves (the things that we suffer for) are actually always very valuable; otherwise, we wouldn't have suffered for them in the first place.
B) This happens because, deep down, people really like to suffer.
C) This happens because we are motivated to justify the time and effort we've spent on our choices.
D) This happens because classical conditioning is at play: when we finally reach our goals, our suffering ends. We therefore associate our goals with "end of suffering" and come to love them.
Q3) Explain the conditions under which the mere exposure effect holds true.
Q4) Explain the potential benefits and costs of holding strong religious beliefs.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: Social Influence and Persuasion
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4944
Sample Questions
Q1) Social psychologists distinguish between two forms of social influence: ____.
A) implicit and explicit
B) social and cultural
C) normative and informational
D) internal and external
Q2) Describe three strategies for resisting persuasion.
Q3) Joe is a freshman at Princeton University. All else being equal, who will be most persuasive to him based on the principles of source likeability?
A) Jill, a freshman at University of Washington
B) John, a senior at Harvard
C) Jennifer, a medical student at University of Illinois
D) Jordan, a freshman at Princeton University
Q4) The door-in-the-face technique starts with a(n) ____.
A) inflated request
B) small request
C) concession
D) discount
Q5) The limited-number technique is based on consistency principles.
A)True
B)False
10
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 9: Prosocial Behavior: Doing Whats Best for Others
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4945
Sample Questions
Q1) Research on helping indicates that once people are educated about phenomena such as the bystander effect, diffusion of responsibility, and pluralistic ignorance, they are less likely to fall prey to them themselves.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Social psychologists often make use of a game called the ____ to study people's tendencies to cooperate versus compete.
A) commons dilemma
B) prisoner's dilemma
C) matching game
D) naïve bystander circle
Q3) ________________ is going along with the crowd.
Q4) A strong belief in the reliability or validity of something is called ____.
A) trust
B) reciprocity
C) conformity
D) cooperation
Q5) ________________ helping occurs when a helper seeks to increase his or her own welfare by helping another.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Aggression and Antisocial Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4946
Sample Questions
Q1) Males are more likely than females to engage in the tend and befriend syndrome.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to ____, people learn to behave aggressively in the same way that they learn other things-by direct experience and by observing others.
A) instrumental learning theory
B) social learning theory
C) relational aggression theory
D) the cultural relativity hypothesis
Q3) What has been associated with high levels of aggression?
A) low levels of serotonin
B) high levels of serotonin
C) low levels of dopamine
D) high levels of dopamine
Q4) Identity theft costs victims about ____ and about ____ of personal time.
A) $1 billion; 75 million hours
B) $1.5 billion; 75 million hours
C) $1.5 billion; 100 million hours
D) $2 billion; 100 million hours
Q5) Why should aggression be understood as a form of social influence?
Page 12
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 11: Interpersonal Attraction and Rejection
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4947
Sample Questions
Q1) In 2012, the Association for Psychological Science appointed a blue-ribbon panel of experts to review the latest research and draw some conclusions about online dating. Which of the following statements is NOT supported by their study?
A) Online dating offers a greater range of partners than conventional dating.
B) Online dating allows for some degree of relationship to be built prior to meeting.
C) Online dating algorithms are largely successful at paring potential mates down to one soul mate.
D) Online dating profiles can misrepresent physical appearances.
Q2) Familiarity and repeated exposure can sometimes make bad things worse. What does this idea best illustrate?
A) bad apple effect
B) social allergy effect
C) overexposure effect
D) propinquity effect
Q3) To feel a sense of ________________, people need regular social contact and a relationship framework characterized by mutual concern for each other.
Q4) Social exclusion can also be called ________________.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 12: Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and Sexuality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4948
Sample Questions
Q1) A person with a fearful avoidant attachment is ____ on anxiety and ____ on avoidance.
A) low; low
B) low; high
C) high; low
D) high; high
Q2) In recent formulations of attachment theory, researchers have suggested that there are two dimensions involved in attachments. These are ____.
A) security and insecurity
B) security and ambivalence
C) anxiety and aversion
D) avoidance and anxiety
Q3) A person with a dismissing avoidant attachment has ____ anxiety and ____ avoidance.
A) low; low
B) low; high
C) high; low
D) high; high
Q4) Is sex better within the context of marriage or when one is single?
Q5) Regarding yourself as a good person "as is" is known as
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Prejudice and Intergroup Relations
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
186 Verified Questions
186 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4949
Sample Questions
Q1) The human mind seems naturally inclined to ____.
A) think about each object in a group separately
B) sort objects into groups
C) constantly shift their opinions on which objects belong in which groups
D) spend a large amount of cognitive effort on forming impressions of objects
Q2) Researchers dropped 100 unsealed envelopes containing money around the campus of a Swedish university. Half the letters were addressed to a person with a common Swedish surname (A. Andersson), whereas the other half of the letters were addressed to a person with a common Muslim surname (A. Abdullah). The researchers found that ____.
A) more than half of the envelopes with a Swedish surname were returned while slightly over one-third of those with a Muslim surname were
B) nearly all of the envelopes were returned, regardless of the surname
C) almost none of the envelopes were returned, regardless of the surname
D) nearly all of the envelopes with a Swedish surname were returned, while slightly over half of those with a Muslim surname were
Q3) Social psychologists use the term ________________ to refer to the unequal treatment of different people based on the groups or categories to which they belong.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: Groups
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
193 Verified Questions
193 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4950
Sample Questions
Q1) People are more likely to engage in the commons dilemma when ____.
A) they do not communicate with others
B) others are behaving well
C) they are held accountable for their behaviors
D) they have a long-term perspective
Q2) The commons dilemma refers to the tendency for people to ____.
A) be less likely to assist others in need when many other onlookers are present as opposed to when few or no other onlookers are present
B) waste, deplete, or use in a less-than-optimal way resources that are shared with others rather than private
C) be more likely to behave inappropriately or aggressively when part of a group rather than alone
D) refrain from punishing others who "cheat the system" for fear that they will be suffer some negative result
Q3) Identify and briefly describe at least three of the symptoms of groupthink (i.e., three of the group features and/or situational features that indicate that a group is suffering from groupthink).
Q4) What are the pros and cons of diverse groups as opposed to homogeneous groups?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 16
Chapter 15: Applying Social Psychology to Consumer Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4936
Sample Questions
Q1) After World War II, the United States had a lot of manufacturing capabilities but ____.
A) the social conditions during the war had created a population disinterested in purchasing
B) to continued raw material shortages of the war made it difficult to manufacture anything
C) people remained very fearful, resulting in decreased willingness to purchase anything but essentials
D) the products produced were so similar that there was no reason to purchase one over the other
Q2) Harley Davidson hires researchers to ride motorcycles and attend various events so they can learn more about the way enthusiasts talk about their products, to identify opinion leaders, and ultimately to have good ideas as to product modifications or new items such as Harley Davidson branded clothing and other accessories for motorcycles. This approach is best described as ____.
A) idiographic
B) ethnographic
C) anthropological
D) existential
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: Applying Social Psychology to Health
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4935
Sample Questions
Q1) Amira notices a lump in her breast, but convinces herself that it was always there. As she continues to examine her breasts monthly, the lump remains and seems larger, but each time Amira finds a way to explain it away--the lump is just a result of the uncomfortable bra she was wearing, the lump is connected to her menstrual cycle, and so forth. In fact, she never has the lump investigated because she interprets the lump in terms of her belief that she is "healthy." Amira has succumbed to which social psychological error in thinking?
A) confirmation bias
B) attribution
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) chronic negative affect
Q2) Which theme of the text does not always apply in the intersection of health and social psychology?
A) Put people first.
B) Nature says go, culture says stop.
C) Inner processes serve interpersonal functions.
D) We are built to relate.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
18
Chapter 17: Applying Social Psychology to the Workplace
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4934
Sample Questions
Q1) Two or more employees who "(a) exist to perform organizationally relevant tasks, (b) share one or more common goals, (c) interact socially, (d) exhibit task interdependencies (i.e., work flow, goals, outcomes), (e) maintain and manage boundaries, and (f) are embedded in an organizational context that sets boundaries, constrains the team, and influences exchanges with other units in the broader entity" form a(n) ____.
A) collaboration
B) committee
C) work group
D) suboffice team
Q2) The critical incident technique (CIT) uses critical incidents or behaviors that discriminate between ____ behavior for someone performing the job.
A) successful and unsuccessful
B) legal and illegal
C) excellent and poor
D) ethical and unethical
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
19
Chapter 18: Applying Social Psychology to the Law
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4933
Sample Questions
Q1) Juries for robbery trials, assault trials, and other trials all go through a process of voir dire; juries for capital cases also go through a screening called ____.
A) venire
B) death qualification
C) continuance
D) peremptory challenge
Q2) In a properly conducted lineup, wherein eyewitnesses are asked to identify criminals who they saw commit a crime, the foils in the lineup are people who ____.
A) are all suspects of the crime
B) are all known to be innocent of the crime
C) do not match the physical description of the suspect
D) do not match the psychological profile of the suspect
Q3) When instructions to individuals viewing the lineup include a warning that the perpetrator may not be in the lineup, there is a(n) ____.
A) decrease in the number of correct identifications made by witnesses
B) increase in the number of correct identifications made by witnesses
C) decrease in the number of mistaken identifications made by witnesses
D) increase in the number of mistaken identifications made by witnesses
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 20
Chapter 19: Applying Social Psychology to the Environment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4932
Sample Questions
Q1) The most common occupational disease in the United States is ____.
A) stress-induced ulcers
B) noise-induced hearing loss
C) musculoskeletal disorders
D) toxicity from chemical exposures
Q2) Confronting people with the inconsistency between their attitudes and behaviors is a strategy for promoting behavior change known as ____.
A) scarcity manipulation
B) cognitive control
C) hypocrisy induction
D) the one-person trap
Q3) Which symptom is NOT a typical indicator of post-traumatic stress disorder?
A) uncontrollable thoughts about a traumatic event
B) mania/hyperactivity
C) sleep disturbances
D) social withdrawal
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 21