Psychological Science Test Bank
Course
Introduction
Psychological Science is an exploration of the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. This course introduces students to the foundational principles of psychology, including its history, major perspectives, research methods, and core areas such as biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social psychology. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation of empirical evidence, ethical considerations in research, and the application of psychological principles to everyday life, preparing students to critically evaluate psychological claims and further pursue studies in the field.
Recommended Textbook
The Science of Psychology 4th Edition by Laura King
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17 Chapters
3070 Verified Questions
3070 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Psychology
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is most likely to be the focus of study for a behavioral psychologist?
A)the feelings of rejection a person experiences during childhood
B)the sensations a person reports when he or she is tapped on the knee
C)the effect of rewards and punishments on a child's behavior
D)the mental images a person conjures up when reflecting on a pleasant vacation
Answer: C
Q2) Professor McDonald believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference has been known to enhance the survival of their species.This opinion best illustrates the _____ approach to psychology.
A)industrial
B)cognitive
C)evolutionary
D)psychodynamic
Answer: C
Q3) Structuralists concentrated on identifying the basic elements of the human mind.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Psychologys Scientific Method
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179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the context of experimental research,random assignment of participants is important in order to ensure that
A)independent variables are not restricted.
B)groups have equal and balanced composition.
C)genders and ages are viewed independently.
D)all participants that have specific characteristics are viewed in a single group.
Answer: B
Q2) Dr.Kate proposes that students find it difficult to return to their academic schedules after spring break.Specifically,she predicts that every year there will be more student absences on the Monday following spring break than on the Friday before spring break.The first statement describes the _____,while the second is the _____.
A)design of the study;research method
B)theory;hypothesis
C)hypothesis;operational definition
D)prediction;procedure
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations of Behavior
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Joe has suffered a massive stroke.Since then,he has started repeating many of his actions through the day.He brushes his teeth many times in the morning and takes a shower many times before bedtime.This is because he is unable to retain any memories of his actions.In the context of the organization of the brain,these behavioral symptoms are most likely due to a damaged
A)amygdalA.
B)thalamus.
C)hippocampus.
D)hypothalamus.
Answer: C
Q2) Meredith suspects that her mother is suffering from dementia.However,Joy,the psychiatrist,asks her to visit the neurologist to get an X ray of her mother's brain to confirm this.Which of the following brain imaging techniques will the neurologist most likely use to get the X ray?
A)transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
B)positron-emission tomography (PET scan)
C)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
D)computerized axial tomography (CAT scan)
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the context of the visual system,describe the three aspects of perceptual constancy.
Q2) Objects that resemble one another are often perceived as a unit.This is the gestalt principle of A)similarity.
B)closure.
C)continuity.
D)constancy.
Q3) Auditory information moves up the auditory pathway in a simpler manner than does visual information in the visual pathway.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Attention is selective but not shiftable.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In the visual system,the main function of rods and cones is to A)maintain the shape and structure of the eye.
B)reduce the amount of light entering the fovea.
C)transmit light energy to the iris and the pupil.
D)convert light into electrochemical impulses.
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Chapter 5: States of Consciousness
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hal has trouble sleeping at night.So,his doctor prescribes him some sleeping pills that help him sleep.However,after a couple of months the pills do not have the same effect,so his doctor asks him to increase the dosage he takes.In this scenario,Hal is demonstrating
A)transitive inference.
B)tolerance.
C)assimilation.
D)lowered inhibitions.
Q2) Describe the phenomenon of daydreaming.
Q3) The _____ theory of dreaming proposes that dreaming occurs when the cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals generated from activity in the lower part of the brain.
A)activation-synthesis
B)top-down action
C)vestibular sense
D)action potential
Q4) According to Freud,what is the difference between manifest content and latent content of a dream.
Q5) Describe circadian rhythms and their main functions.
Q6) Explain the concept of automatic processes.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the context of psychological constraints in learning,from a growth mindset,failure tells a person what he or she needs to learn.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Ryan receives a scolding from his mother every time he picks his nose.Fearing retribution,Ryan hesitates to pick his nose whenever his mother is present with him.In this scenario,Ryan is demonstrating
A)operant conditioning.
B)classical conditioning.
C)observational learning.
D)implicit learning.
Q3) While observing rats in a maze,Patrick realizes that the rats are able to find their way to the end of the maze even though they are not rewarded at any point during the experiment.This type of learning can best be defined as A)latent learning.
B)vestibular learning.
C)incidental learning.
D)conditional learning.
Q4) Briefly describe the biological constraints involved in learning.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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180 Verified Questions
180 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does retrospective memory differ from prospective memory?
Q2) Mary was challenged by her friend,Kate,to memorize 15 letters,C,I,A,C,B,S,A,B,C,F,B,I,I,R,and S,in the same order,within half a minute.Mary arranged these alphabets into groups: CIA,CBS,ABC,FBI,and IRS.This made it easier for her to meet Kate's challenge.In this scenario,Mary has used the tactic of A)self-reference.
B)chunking.
C)rehearsal.
D)priming.
Q3) The connectivist view of memory argues that A)when two neurons are activated at the same time,the connection between them is weakened.
B)any piece of knowledge stored in the brain is limited to a single location. C)changes in the strength of synaptic connections are the fundamental bases of memory.
D)memories are large knowledge structures.
Q4) Describe the concepts of declarative memory and nondeclarative memory.
Q5) Working memory capacity is inseparable from short-term memory capacity. A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The batting averages of major league baseball players have shown a steady increase over the last thirty years.This mirrors the observation of the _____ made from the field of intelligence testing.
A)recency effect
B)primacy effect
C)Flynn effect
D)Whorf effect
Q2) If Keira's mental age is higher than her chronological age,this means that A)her IQ is higher than average.
B)her IQ is average.
C)her IQ is lower than average.
D)a mistake has occurred since this result is not possible.
Q3) Gregory is a 13-month-old toddler.According to milestones of language development,which of the following language milestones is attained by Gregory at this age?
A)He uses a few prepositions.
B)He uses plurals.
C)He understands more than 50 words.
D)He understands the meaning of past tense.
Q4) Compare and contrast between the human brain and a computer.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Berta is a fashion designer who is not happy both at work and home.She is unable to create new designs for her clients.She has also filed for a divorce.According to Jeffrey Arnett,which of the following features of emerging adulthood is described by this scenario?
A)self-focus
B)instability
C)age of possibilities
D)feeling "in between"
Q2) Hormonal stress theory states that aging in a body's hormonal system can increase resistance to stress and reduce the likelihood of disease.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following regions of the brain is concerned with emotions?
A)prefrontal cortex
B)amygdala
C)occipital lobe
D)medulla oblongata
Q4) Explain the concept of neglectful parenting as described by Diana Baumrind.
Q5) Briefly describe the three periods of prenatal development in human beings.
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sean is an obese teenager.He has strong cravings for food.He eats large portions of food every day.His mother,Anita,is worried about his eating habits as well as the health hazards that might arise as a result of overeating.Which of the following measures can prove most effective in curbing Sean's obesity?
A)Sean should only eat until he is satiated.
B)Anita should compel Sean to finish all the food in his plate.
C)Anita should serve food to Sean in a small-sized plate and bowl.
D)Sean should follow a binge-and-purge eating pattern.
Q2) Who among the following is extrinsically motivated to pursue his or her goals?
A)Abdul,who paints a picture every day to improve his painting skills
B)Lisa,who teaches ballet to teenagers for free
C)Ryan,who participates in a debate competition to win the prize money of $15,000
D)Kareem,who enrolls in a singing competition to exhibit his skills
Q3) When a person's blood sugar level falls too low,he feels
A)energized.
B)hungry.
C)warm.
D)satiateD.
Q4) Discuss the psychological factors that contribute to obesity.
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Chapter 11: Gender, Sex, and Sexuality
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A _____ involves surgical reconstruction of genitals to match one's transgender identity.
A)gender-affirming surgery
B)gender-assignment surgery
C)gene surgery
D)voyeuristic surgery
Q2) Jessica is a 15-year-old girl who has always felt and acted like a boy.She hates dressing in girl's clothes and loves to play with cars.She always engages in masculine sports and has only male friends.In spite of her parents' concern with her behavior,Jessica insists on acting like a boy.She has even forced her parents to refer to her as a boy and call her Jeff.In the context of gender,identify and give a brief account of the phenomenon related to Jessica's behavior.
Q3) In the context of gender-related attributes,individuals who are low on both instrumental and expressive qualities are referred to as
A)undifferentiated.
B)androgynous.
C)instrumental.
D)expressive.
Q4) Discuss the two common approaches to sex education.
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Chapter 12: Personality
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162 Verified Questions
162 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Abraham Maslow,_____ is the motivation to develop to one's full potential as a human being.
A)self-deprecation
B)self-awareness
C)self-actualization
D)self-esteem
Q2) With regard to personality assessment techniques,social desirability
A)causes problems in self-report assessments.
B)helps in rating oneself objectively.
C)is a significant disadvantage in projective personality tests.
D)is an important component of the personological perspective.
Q3) _____ is the study of the inherited underpinnings of behavioral characteristics.
A)Behavior modification
B)Molecular biology
C)Behavioral genetics
D)Molecular pharmaceutics
Q4) Discuss Jung's concept of the collective unconscious and archetypes.Describe a few common archetypes.
Q5) Describe the concept of subjective well-being in the context of personality and psychological health.
14
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Madison and her friends have never been on a rollercoaster because they are afraid.On a school trip to Disney World,however,they decide that if they get on the rollercoaster together,they will not be afraid.In the context of group decision making,their behavior best demonstrates
A)altruism.
B)reactance.
C)risky shift.
D)prejudice.
Q2) The process by which individuals come to understand the causes of others' behavior and form an impression of them as individuals is called A)attribution.
B)altruism.
C)egoism.
D)ethnocentrism.
Q3) Social contagion is demonstrated when someone coughs in a crowded room and then several other people cough as well.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the main difference between prejudice and discrimination.
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Chapter 14: Industrial and Organizational Psychology
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ refers to the physical and cognitive changes individuals can make within the constraints of a task to make the work "their own."
A)Mentoring
B)Job analysis
C)Job crafting
D)Role conflict
Q2) Which of the following is true of a structured interview?
A)A structured interview facilitates spontaneity and gives priority to competent candidates with job experience.
B)A structured interview is less superior to an unstructured interview in terms of predicting eventual job performance.
C)A disadvantage of conducting a structured interview is that it can hinder a job candidate's performance during an interview.
D)A structured interview puts all candidates on equal footing and gives them all the same chance to demonstrate their skill.
Q3) Give a brief account of performance appraisal.Discuss its importance in an organization.
Q4) Explain the human relations approach to management.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)?
A)It is the only diagnostic system.
B)It relies on procedural norms and objective judgments.
C)It includes new diagnoses such as binge eating disorder and gambling addiction.
D)It was published by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Q2) Give a brief account of the sociocultural factors involved in suicide.
Q3) In the context of psychological disorders,a sociocultural researcher is most likely to stress the role of
A)family relationships.
B)neurotrasnmitters.
C)cognitions.
D)personality characteristics.
Q4) Bipolar disorder is only observed in adults.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How does dissociative amnesia differ from dissociative identity disorder?
Q6) Differentiate a person who experiences panic from one who has a panic disorder.
Q7) Discuss the biological approach to psychological disorders.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Therapies
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170 Verified Questions
170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The goal of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)is
A)to help people to eliminate illogical thinking.
B)to help clients identify their own genuine feelings.
C)to reduce norepinephrine and serotonin levels.
D)to set off a seizure in the brain.
Q2) Which of the following is a primary goal of psychodynamic therapists?
A)to help clients resolve unconscious conflicts and gain insight
B)to bring about environmental changes that facilitate adaptive behaviors
C)to develop the innate growth potential of clients
D)to modify irrational beliefs of clients
Q3) Dialectical behavior therapy is an example of an integrative therapy used to treat clients with borderline personality disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Therapeutic alliance refers to the relationship between the professional and the paraprofessional.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Health Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Isabelle studies the causes of childhood obesity and develops family- and school-based interventions.In the context of psychology,Dr.Isabelle is most likely interested in
A)public health.
B)human factors.
C)organizational psychology.
D)forensic psychology.
Q2) The immune system and the central nervous system have different modes of receiving and integrating signals from the external environment
A)True
B)False
Q3) More people smoke today than in the past.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An event which is perceived to be stressful by one person will be perceived to be stressful by everyone else.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the HPA axis and its functions.
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