Course Introduction
Psychological Science
Study Guide Questions
Psychological Science introduces students to the systematic study of behavior and mental processes, exploring foundational theories, research methods, and key findings across major areas of psychology. Through examining topics such as perception, cognition, learning, emotion, development, and social behavior, students gain insight into how people think, feel, and act. The course emphasizes scientific inquiry, critical thinking, and the application of psychological principles to real-world problems, preparing students to evaluate psychological information and understand its relevance in everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
Psychological Science 3rd Canadian Edition by Michael Gazzaniga
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16 Chapters
2522 Verified Questions
2522 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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94 Verified Questions
94 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is most closely associated with the concept of the unconscious?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) B.F. Skinner
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) William James
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following would be an example of the biological level of analysis?
A) examining how the death of a spouse results in changes in serotonin in the brain
B) examining whether a person's personality is enduring or changing across the lifespan
C) examining how being in a group changes whether a person will engage in illegal behaviour
D) examining how different cultures define mental illness
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Research Methodology
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Samir is conducting a correlational study, and he cannot determine whether one variable causes another. One reason is that the additional variables that he did not study could influence the variables he did study. This reflects the problem with:
A) selection bias
B) response accuracy
C) the third variable problem
D) the occurrence of random error
Answer: C
Q2) When researchers document that a phenomenon is real by repeating a study done by another scientist, they are engaging in:
A) meta-analysis
B) experience sampling
C) replication
D) correlational research
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations
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172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Walking to his car late at night, Otto became extra vigilant and his body was on alert for danger. This was due to the actions of the:
A) somatic nervous system
B) sympathetic system
C) central nervous system
D) endocrine system
Answer: B
Q2) The spinal cord is part of the ____________ system.
A) sensory
B) peripheral nervous
C) somatic nervous
D) central nervous
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following would NOT be an effect of growth hormone?
A) increased intelligence
B) increased bone strength
C) increased strength
D) increased muscle mass
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Mind and Consciousness
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a stimulant drug?
A) cocaine
B) crack
C) methamphetamine
D) THC
Q2) Which of the following is the best technique a neurosurgeon may use to avoid damaging crucial areas of the neuronal tissue?
A) Give the patient cognitive tests to locate the problem, then fully anesthetize the patient.
B) Keep the patient awake to answer questions while probing the brain with electric currents.
C) Anesthetize the patient so he or she is not distracted by the noises of surgery.
D) Probe the patient with electrical currents before surgery, then fully anesthetize the patient.
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ____________ does most of the focusing of the light onto the retina and the ____________ allows for more accuracy of focusing.
A) cornea; pupil
B) pupil; lens
C) lens; cornea
D) cornea; lens
Q2) Meg is rehearsing the solo for her dance performance. In order to perform her solo well, Meg has to be aware of the position of her arms and legs in space. To do this, Meg relies on her ____________ sense.
A) motion
B) olfactory
C) haptic
D) visual
Q3) For which of the following pairs would it be easiest to discern a difference in weight?
A) a 2 litre bottle of water and a 2.1 litre bottle of water
B) a 5 kilogram free weight and a 5.5 kilogram free weight
C) a 20 kilogram child and a 22 kilogram child
D) a dime and a quarter
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Chapter 6: Learning
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157 Verified Questions
157 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What treatment might help memory disorders such as Alzheimer's disease in the future by altering neuronal functions?
A) inducing chemical suppression of long-term depression
B) artificial mRNA replicas of glutamate transcription in the soma
C) forced intake of GABA agonists small enough to cross the blood-brain barrier
D) causing increased gene expression for NMDA receptors
Q2) Most humans have a tendency to hide first, and then run when they feel threatened; it is only with practice that individuals such as firefighters can learn to control such an urge. This might be considered an example of:
A) conditioned aversion
B) the equipotentiality principle
C) biological preparedness
D) the law of effect
Q3) For what area of research did Ivan Pavlov receive the Nobel Prize?
A) classical conditioning
B) animal training
C) salivary reflex and digestion
D) biological boundaries of learning
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8
Chapter 7: Attention and Memory
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bob and Sally watch a horror movie. The ____________ amygdala of Bob's brain will be activated and the ____________ amygdala of Sally's brain will be activated.
A) left; right
B) left; left
C) right; right
D) right; left
Q2) Lashley's idea that memory is distributed equally throughout the brain is contradicted by the idea of:
A) equipotentiality
B) consolidation
C) fire together wire together
D) concurrent storage
Q3) Digitally editing a photograph on a computer is analogous to which memory process?
A) spreading activation
B) elaborative rehearsal
C) reconsolidation
D) retrieval
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Chapter 8: Thinking and Intelligence
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188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Algorithms have the advantage of ____________ and the disadvantage of ____________:
A) always working; being difficult
B) usually working; being difficult
C) always working; taking time
D) usually working; taking time
Q2) When David first moved to Austin he had to rely on the GPS in his car. Over time, David found that he could navigate the city without using his GPS. David must have developed a ____________ of the city.
A) symbolic representation
B) mental representation
C) prototype
D) set of defining attributes
Q3) After struggling to solve a math problem, you suddenly see the solution. For no apparent reason, the method for solving the problem just came to your mind. You have experienced:
A) insight
B) clarity
C) restructuring
D) fixedness
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Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
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166 Verified Questions
166 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A major criticism of the James-Lange theory is that:
A) emotions occur faster than interpretations can be made
B) the emotion has to exist to produce the physiological reaction
C) physiological reactions to emotions are not specific enough
D) b and c
Q2) LaVonne is majoring in engineering, but she dislikes all of her engineering classes and loves all of her political science classes. One day when LaVonne is reading political science to avoid reading engineering, she decides to change her major and become a lawyer. LaVonne's decision reflects which adaptive quality of emotions?
A) They increase the probability of survival and reproduction.
B) They provide cues to facilitate interpersonal dynamics.
C) They provide information about significant personal goals.
D) They increase the probability of avoiding immediate danger.
Q3) Research on possible factors in the development of male homosexuality has found a causal role:
A) for family patterns with dominant mothers and submissive fathers
B) for underlying maladaptive personality structures
C) for early sexual experience with same-sex adults
D) does not exist for any family or environmental factors
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Health and Well-Being
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156 Verified Questions
156 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your sister has been quite thin ever since grade 8 but expresses a great fear of becoming fat and is always looking for ways to lose more weight. She is likely suffering from:
A) hypothyroidism
B) the absence of a set-point for weight control
C) anorexia nervosa
D) bulimia nervosa
Q2) The threat of military combat, adjustment to a new marriage, and thinking about an upcoming exam are all examples of:
A) eustress
B) chronic stress
C) daily hassles
D) stress
Q3) Lazarus divides the cognitive appraisal process into two parts, primary and secondary. Primary appraisals involve:
A) deciding whether an event is stressful or irrelevant to you
B) evaluating your response options
C) selecting a coping behaviour
D) deciding whether a coping behaviour was successful
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Human Development
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178 Verified Questions
178 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Specific knowledge regarding important events during WWII would be an example of:
A) crystallized intelligence
B) fluid intelligence
C) generative intelligence
D) conceptual intelligence
Q2) Visual acuity reaches adult levels in a child:
A) within weeks after birth
B) at approximately 1 year
C) by grade one
D) at about 10 years of age
Q3) A hormone that has recently been shown to play an important role in mother/infant attachment is:
A) testosterone
B) oxytocin
C) epinephrine
D) norepinephrine
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Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Even though Jacqueline attended a very expensive boarding school, she passionately believes that money and social class are irrelevant to how interesting or valuable a person is. At the first party in her university dorm Jacqueline, without even realizing it, only spends time with the women who are very well dressed. Jacqueline's belief in social equality is a(n) ____________ and her choice of people with whom to talk reflects a(n) ____________.
A) implicit attitude; explicit attitude
B) explicit attitude; implicit attitude
C) a more accessible attitude; a less accessible attitude
D) a less accessible attitude; a more accessible attitude
Q2) Which of the following is NOT associated with low levels of serotonin in people?
A) disruptive behaviour in children
B) criminal behaviour in adult males
C) suicide through violent means
D) violent behaviour in adult males
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a reason that stereotypes tend to be maintained?
A) People pay more attention to stereotype-consistent information.
B) People remember stereotype-consistent information better.
C) People have more stereotype-consistent experiences.
D) People make stereotype-consistent attributions.
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Chapter 13: Personality
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190 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One response to Mischel's situationism critique of trait theory is to argue that:
A) traits are more predictive of behaviour if they are central rather than peripheral or secondary
B) some people may be more consistent than are others
C) when behaviours are averaged across many situations traits are better predictors of behaviour
D) all of the above
Q2) An important criticism of the Rorschach ink blot test is that:
A) it identifies too many normal people as psychologically disturbed
B) it works well for women but not for men
C) children cannot be tested with it
D) it reveals unconscious but not conscious motives and conflicts
Q3) In terms of gender differences in personality:
A) women and men are most similar in personality in industrialized countries like Canada
B) women generally tend to be more agreeable and more neurotic
C) women generally tend to be more extroverted and more open to experience
D) more data has been collected on men so it is difficult to compare personalities across genders
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ted, the president of a multimillion dollar corporation, stated that he did not feel bad at all for firing thousands of workers in order to make more money. "Why should I feel bad for them when I just made millions of dollars by getting rid of their jobs?" Not only at work but in his personal life, too, Ted seems unconcerned with the effects of his behaviour on others. If Ted had been born into a poor and violent neighbourhood, he would likely be incarcerated. Ted could probably be diagnosed with:
A) multiple identity disorder
B) anti-social personality disorder
C) narcissistic personality disorder
D) a mood disorder
Q2) Ted has a severe form of schizophrenia that has affected him since age 18. He has progressively deteriorated in functioning ever since. Compared with people who have more mild cases of schizophrenia, neuroimaging of Ted's brain would reveal that:
A) his amygdala is enlarged
B) his corpus callosum has a serious blockage
C) his brain volume is clearly reduced
D) his serotonin system is highly overactive
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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209 Verified Questions
209 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your cousin has been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder at the age of 6. What is the probability that she will still be suffering this disorder during her adolescent years?
A) 10 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 50 percent
D) up to 70 percent
Q2) In general, placebo treatments for depression have been found to:
A) have little to no effect on mental health functioning
B) alter brain activity and improve depression in a minority of people
C) have an effect equivalent to most forms of therapy
D) have a larger effect than most forms of therapy
Q3) A friend of yours is in therapy for depression and has been asked to keep a diary of all her negative thoughts about herself and her circumstances. What is the likely goal of her therapist?
A) to get your friend to acknowledge problematic thought patterns so they can be modified
B) to highlight the defence mechanisms which cause id-ego conflict
C) to increase self-concept congruence
D) to outline the rewards and punishments needed to change her behaviour
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Chapter 16: Cultural Psychology
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) East Asians would most likely show postdecisional dissonance when they:
A) buy a new car
B) buy a used car
C) buy a car for their parents
D) decide not to buy a car
Q2) Cultural differences tend to get ____________ as people age.
A) smaller
B) larger
C) equalized
D) universal
Q3) TKS has been labelled the altruistic phobia because:
A) sufferers are concerned that they will make others feel uncomfortable
B) sufferers are concerned that they will give TKS to others
C) excessive generosity is one of the symptoms of TKS
D) its sufferers are frequently altruistic
Q4) People achieve a sense of primary control by:
A) exerting control over unchanged realities
B) shaping existing realities to fit their perceptions
C) aligning themselves with existing realities
D) all of the above
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