Psychological Science Review
Questions
Course Introduction
Psychological Science is an introduction to the systematic study of behavior and mental processes, exploring foundational concepts, methods, and research findings in the field of psychology. The course examines major theoretical perspectives, including biological, cognitive, developmental, social, and clinical approaches, and emphasizes how scientific methods are used to understand human thought, emotion, and behavior. Topics such as perception, learning, memory, motivation, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions are covered, providing students with a broad understanding of psychologys relevance to individual and societal issues.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology Core Concepts 7th Edition by Philip G. Zimbardo
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14 Chapters
2619 Verified Questions
2619 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Mind, Behavior, and Psychological Science
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166 Verified Questions
166 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true about naturalistic observation?
A) It recreates natural conditions in the laboratory as closely as possible to make an experiment more valid.
B) It involves observing behavior in its natural context.
C) It is basically the same process as objective introspection.
D) It involves observing behavior in the lab without taking formal notes or using technological equipment to measure the experimental findings.
E) It involves manipulation of one variable to study a second one.
Answer: B
Q2) A behavioral psychologist studying the causes of alcohol usage would most likely
A) ask people why they consume alcohol.
B) observe whether people have a positive or negative experience after consuming alcohol.
C) measure brain changes following alcohol consumption.
D) determine patterns of alcohol usage within different cultures.
E) ask people how they feel while they are consuming alcohol.
Answer: B
Q3) Who was the founder of psychoanalysis?
Answer: Sigmund Freud
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
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162 Verified Questions
162 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is ______ the electrical charge outside the neuron.
A) positive compared to B) larger than C) negative compared to D) smaller than E) hydrophilic
Answer: A
Q2) Your ability to play the piano is regulated by the A) somatic nervous system.
B) medial nervous system.
C) peripheral nervous system.
D) limbic system.
E) parasympathetic nervous system.
Answer: A
Q3) When you walk on a balance beam, which neural structure helps you maintain your equilibrium?
Answer: cerebellum
Q4) The two halves of the cerebral cortex are called the __________ . Answer: a natural selection
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Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Signal detection theory suggests that differences in absolute thresholds between different people reflect
A) signal strength.
B) sensory processes.
C) human judgment.
D) absolute thresholds.
E) sensory adaptation.
Answer: C
Q2) An example of a group or organization that tries to maximize the similarity between figure and ground would be a(n)
A) business.
B) legal office.
C) hospital.
D) army.
E) artist studio.
Answer: D
Q3) The minimal amount of stimulus change that is still noticeable half the time is the
.
Answer: difference threshold or just noticeable difference (JND)
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Learning and Human Nurture
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221 Verified Questions
221 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name and discuss the four major kinds of consequences that function in the process of operant conditioning.
Q2) B. F. Skinner was a radical behaviorist who refused to A) conduct research with animals other than humans.
B) believe that observation tells us anything about human nature. C) understand how it was possible for people to change.
D) accept that individuals can change over time.
E) speculate about what happens inside an organism.
Q3) Your text suggests that waiting for an elevator is a good example of a ________ reinforcement schedule.
A) continuous
B) fixed ratio
C) variable ratio
D) fixed interval
E) variable interval
Q4) Contrast the four schedules of reinforcement in operant conditioning and give an example of each.
Q5) What is food-aversion learning?
Q6) Discuss three ways in which classical conditioning is different from operant conditioning.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Memory
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196 Verified Questions
196 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Flashbulb memories
A) are not subject to periodic revision.
B) usually concern events that are emotionally charged.
C) are almost always highly accurate.
D) usually concern events from early childhood.
E) are more subject to decay than regular memories.
Q2) Your ability to remember where you were the morning of September 11, 2001, is an example of a(n)
A) flashbulb memory.
B) semantic memory.
C) procedural memory.
D) implicit memory.
E) sensory memory.
Q3) If you are trying to remember the names of all the U.S. presidents, the serial position effect would predict that you will have difficulty
A) remembering more than about seven (plus or minus two) of them.
B) recognizing the names of the presidents on a list.
C) recalling the earliest presidents.
D) recalling the most recent presidents.
E) recalling the presidents in the middle of the list.
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Chapter 6: Thinking and Intelligence
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180 Verified Questions
180 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these is one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?
A) poetic
B) digital
C) creative
D) naturalistic
E) analytical
Q2) What three types of intelligence constitute Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?
A) global, intuitive, and special
B) general, global, and specific
C) analytical, creative, and practical
D) mathematical, reasoning, and verbal
E) interpersonal, intrapersonal, and independent
Q3) What was the formula used to compute IQ?
Q4) A key problem with Terman's original formula for computing IQs is that it
A) caused people to believe that IQ is unchangeable.
B) made it seem as if people grow less intelligent with age.
C) was never standardized and difficult to compute.
D) caused mathematical difficulties for people far below the average.
E) did not correlate with actual intelligence at any point in a person's life.
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Chapter 7: Development Over the Lifespan
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204 Verified Questions
204 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sentence "Ralphie eat cookie full" is an example of
A) scaffolding.
B) telegraphic speech.
C) motherese.
D) babbling.
E) assimilation.
Q2) The grasping reflex can begin as early as _______ into prenatal development.
A) 4 weeks
B) 8 weeks
C) 14 weeks
D) 16 weeks
E) 18 weeks
Q3) Your little sister picks up objects, feels every part of them, and then puts them in her mouth. What stage of Jean Piaget's model of cognitive development does this behavior suggest she is in?
A) concrete operations
B) sensorimotor
C) preoperational
D) formal operations
E) postformal operations
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Chapter 8: States of Consciousness
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198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Addiction refers to
A) increased drug effect with repeated use.
B) the loss of withdrawal symptoms when the drug use is stopped.
C) maintained drug effect with repeated use.
D) a situation where drug use continues despite adverse consequences to the user.
E) augmented drug reward.
Q2) Which device would a sleep researcher use to monitor a sleeping person's brain waves?
A) electromyograph (EMG)
B) electrocardiograph (EKG)
C) electro-oculograph (EOG)
D) electroencephalograph (EEG)
E) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Q3) Sleeping pills may disrupt the normal sleep cycle and worsen
A) narcolepsy.
B) daytime sleepiness.
C) sleep apnea.
D) insomnia.
E) cataplexy.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Emotion and Motivation
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187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A high n Ach person is likely to succeed in life because they
A) persist on difficult tasks.
B) get low grades in school.
C) avoid competition when possible.
D) stay at the same level in his company for quite a while.
E) prefer to be a follower, rather than a leader.
Q2) Which statement best reflects the James-Lange theory of emotion?
A) Our hearts race, we see a monster, we feel fear.
B) We see a monster, we feel fear, our hearts race.
C) We see a monster, our hearts race, we feel fear.
D) We feel fear, our hearts race, we see the monster.
E) We walk into a dark room, hear people scream, label the stimulus as friends giving us a surprise party, and then feel happy.
Q3) Which sequence of events in emotional responses is characteristic of the James-Lange theory of emotion?
A) stimulus emotion physiological changes
B) stimulus physiological changes emotion
C) physiological changes stimulus emotion
D) stimulus emotion AND physiological changes (simultaneous)
E) emotion stimulus physiological changes
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Chapter 10: Personality: Theories of the Whole Person
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212 Verified Questions
212 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some modern psychologists describe people in terms of enduring personality characteristics called __________. Clusters of these are called __________ .
Q2) Freud is to sexuality as Jung is to
A) the ego.
B) the id.
C) spirituality.
D) the unconscious.
E) attachment.
Q3) Jung's concept of animus explains __________ archetypes, whereas the anima explains __________ archetypes.
Q4) A serious criticism of trait theories is that these
A) ignore inherited aspects of personality.
B) do not allow for predictions of behavior.
C) are too complex to explain simple behaviors.
D) explain the development of personality but do not explain specific behaviors.
E) believe personality is fixed and static.
Q5) Describe the rationale for a projective test.
Q6) Name the "Big Five" personality traits.
Q7) Name the five psychosexual stages identified by Freud.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Social Psychology
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186 Verified Questions
186 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term __________ refers to thinking about certain other groups or people as less than human, as feared or hated animals.
Q2) The ________ refers to the influence of a group majority on individual judgments.
A) bystander effect
B) Asch effect
C) scapegoating scenario
D) demand situation
E) cognitive dissonance error
Q3) A bank loan officer thinks people who speak with an accent are lazy; consequently, he refuses to grant them loans. The loan officer's belief is an example of _________. His refusal to grant them loans is an example of _________.
A) discrimination; prejudice
B) stereotyping; attribution
C) attribution; stereotyping
D) prejudice; discrimination
E) bias; prejudice
Q4) What are the factors that dictate whom we like, according to the reward theory of attraction?
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders
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186 Verified Questions
186 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Major depression, and major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern are examples of ________ disorders.
A) neurotic
B) somatic symptom
C) psychotic
D) depressive
E) anxiety
Q2) Shyness
A) seems to be decreasing in the population.
B) cannot be learned.
C) is not defined as a disorder by the DSM-5.
D) is discouraged by Internet usage.
E) is experienced by about one-tenth of the American population.
Q3) During the latter part of the18th century, the mentally ill were typically treated A) in asylums for the insane.
B) with a fungus that grows on grains of rye.
C) with primitive medicines related to alcohol.
D) according to the principles of the psychodynamic approach.
E) by torture and execution.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Therapies for Psychological Disorders
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188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which approach views mental disorder as the tension created in the unconscious mind by forbidden impulses and threatening memories?
A) cognitive
B) humanistic
C) behavioral
D) psychoanalytic
E) biomedical
Q2) Researchers have found that paraprofessionals
A) are seldom effective.
B) are more successful than professionals.
C) have poor ability with behavioral therapies.
D) are about as effective as professionals.
E) are ineffective with insight therapies.
Q3) Lithium carbonate is effective in treating
A) dissociative disorder.
B) schizophrenia.
C) general anxiety.
D) bipolar disorder.
E) antisocial personality disorder.
Q4) Which type of psychotherapist is most likely to use systematic desensitization?
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Chapter 14: From Stress to Health and Well-Being
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159 Verified Questions
159 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is the study of how mental processes influence the immune system.
A) Stress and coping
B) Health psychology
C) Psycho-neuroimmunology
D) Hardiness
E) Reappraisal
Q2) ________ is a hormone produced by the body in response to a stressor.
A) Testosterone
B) Progesterone
C) Estrogen
D) Cortisol
E) Oxytocin
Q3) Name three factors that are not associated with happiness.
Q4) A score on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale represents the sum total of recent A) hassles.
B) social events.
C) overall arousal.
D) change difficulty.
E) life-change units.
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