Psychological Science Practice
Exam
Course Introduction
Psychological Science is an introductory course that explores the fundamental principles, methods, and findings in the field of psychology. It examines how humans think, feel, and behave, covering topics such as personality, emotion, perception, development, learning, memory, and mental health. Students will gain an understanding of scientific research methods used in psychology and learn how psychological theories are applied to everyday life. The course also considers current issues and advancements in psychological research, fostering critical thinking and a deeper appreciation for the complexities of human behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Psychological Science Modeling Scientific Literacy 1st Edition by Mark Krause
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17 Chapters
4332 Verified Questions
4332 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science
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248 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Client-centered therapy was founded by __________.
A)Rogers
B)Wolpe
C)Adler
D)Jung
Answer: A
Q2) Vido has a master's degree and has been studying how family dynamics and a person's socioeconomic situation can affect wellbeing and mental health.What type of professional is Vido most likely to become?
A)human factors psychologist
B)psychiatrist
C)school psychologist
D)social worker
Answer: D
Q3) Freud stressed the importance of
A)early life experiences.
B)adolescence.
C)early adulthood.
D)middle adulthood.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research
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270 Verified Questions
270 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A teacher is disappointed to find that most of her students' test scores are clustered together at the low end of the grading scale,with only a few students having high grades.If she was to graph the distribution,what shape would it have?
A)normal
B)positively skewed
C)negatively skewed
D)central
Answer: B
Q2) Conceptually,the standard deviation for a distribution can be thought of as:
A)the center of the distribution.
B)the average frequency for each category.
C)the average distance from the mean.
D)the distance between the highest and lowest value.
Answer: C
Q3) _______________ designs are the only research method that can provide strong evidence for cause-and-effect relationships.
Answer: Experimental
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Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) As she walks out of the living room,Gloriann turns out the light.In this example,Gloriann's __________ nervous system is active.
A)sympathetic
B)parasympathetic
C)autonomic
D)somatic
Answer: D
Q2) Male and female preference for symmetrical faces in potential mates is thought to be due to the fact that
A)mating cues are often completely arbitrary.
B)people with symmetrical faces are less likely to be unfaithful.
C)people don't want their children to inherit an asymmetrical face.
D)symmetry suggests that a potential mate is genetically healthy.
Answer: D
Q3) The nervous system called the "fight or flight" system is the _______ system.
A)central
B)parasympathetic
C)somatic
D)sympathetic
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Bethany steps on her digital scale,a mechanism in it measures the physical pressure pushing down on the scale and converts it into an electrical signal that can be read by the scale.The converting of the physical pressure on the scale caused by Bethany's weight into an electrical signal is similar to the process of ____________.
A)transduction
B)bottom-up processing
C)top-down processing
D)perception
Q2) The tongue is covered with taste receptors called _____.
A)epithelia
B)gustates
C)the gustatory cortex
D)taste buds
Q3) The smallest change in stimulation that can be detected 50 percent of the time is called the __________.
A)separation threshold
B)difference threshold
C)response threshold
D)absolute threshold
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) _______________ is a sleep disorder involving excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden,unpredictable lapses into sleep.
A)Sleep apnea
B)Insomnia
C)Narcolepsy
D)REM behavior disorder
Q2) A diagnosis of insomnia is based primarily on which of the following?
A)the number of hours of sleep on an average night
B)a polysomnogram recording
C)the degree to which a person feels rested during the day
D)a blood analysis
Q3) How does the dissociation theory explain hypnosis?
A)Hypnosis increases dopamine levels in the body.
B)People merely fake being hypnotized.
C)Hypnotized individuals dissociate the conscious mind into an "observer" part and a "hidden observer" part.
D)Hypnosis allows us to dissociate ourselves from our beliefs and expectations.
Q4) Explain the two theories for why we sleep described in your textbook.Provide evidence which supports each theory and examples.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be an example of advertisers applying classical conditioning to the marketing of a product?
A)The product is shown with stimuli that viewers already view positively,such as attractive people.
B)A commercial shows individuals modeling the correct use of the product.
C)Customers are rewarded with a free product for every five they purchase.
D)Advertisers saturate print and broadcast media with images of the product so people will remember it.
Q2) ________________is the loss or weakening of a conditioned response when a conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus no longer occur together.
A)Generalization
B)Forgetting
C)Spontaneous recovery
D)Extinction
Q3) A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research involving ________________.
A)classical conditioning
B)operant conditioning
C)latent learning
D)observational learning
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Memory span is a characteristic of:
A)long-term memory.
B)short-term memory.
C)sensory memory.
D)semantic memory.
Q2) __________ occurs when recently learned material interferes with the ability to remember older information.
A)Replacement
B)Retroactive interference
C)The primacy effect
D)Proactive interference
Q3) When asked to recall single-digit numbers presented in various digit span sizes,the typical adult would probably start to encounter difficulty once they got past ________ digits.
A)3
B)4
C)5
D)7
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9
Chapter 8: Thought and Language
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195 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The study of how people extract meaning from words is called _____.
A)syntax
B)pragmatics
C)semantics
D)flouting
Q2) One interesting property of ___________ is that we usually know when it is not being used correctly,but people often cannot explain exactly why.
A)phonemes
B)morphemes
C)syntax
D)pragmatics
Q3) Which decision-making strategy involves making judgments of likelihood based on how well an example represents a specific category?
A)an algorithm
B)goal-state analysis
C)the representativeness heuristic
D)the availability heuristic
Q4) In technical terms,the techniques individuals use to reach to solve problems are referred to as ______________.
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Chapter 9: Intelligence, aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sam and Julie each scored 110 on the WAIS.Based on their scores,which is true?
A)If Sam scored high in math,then Julie scored high in math.
B)If Sam scored high in comprehension,then Julie scored high in comprehension.
C)Two people with the same IQ score could have very different abilities.
D)Two people with the same IQ score should have the same abilities.
Q2) In the Middle Ages,people accused of being witches were often tested by being dunked in a river or pond.If they floated to the surface,they were condemned as witches.If they sank and drowned,they were posthumously acquitted.This test obviously lacks
A)reliability.
B)norms.
C)validity.
D)bias.
Q3) One reason individuals from certain populations underperform on aptitude tests is stereotype threat.Explain what stereotype threat is and then describe three different ways it can lower test scores.
Q4) The birth order effect on intelligence test scores is likely due to genetic factors.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Life Span Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The body's reproductive organs are an example of ____________.
A)adrenal glands.
B)thyroid glands.
C)primary sex traits.
D)secondary sex traits.
Q2) A group of psychologists study how adults change and grow,both psychologically and physiologically,as they age.These psychologists are most like ___________.
A)personality psychologists
B)social psychologists
C)organizational psychologists
D)developmental psychologists
Q3) The zone of __________ development refers to the difference between what a child can do alone and what a child can do together with a more competent person.
A)proximal
B)assistive
C)supplemented
D)distal
Q4) A(n)________________ is first created when a sperm and an ovum fuse together.
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Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The four stages of sexual activity include excitement,plateau,orgasm and A)refraction.
B)rest.
C)reinforcement.
D)resolution.
Q2) In a study discussed in your textbook,participants had nutrients delivered directly into their stomachs via a feeding tube.Compared to control subjects who believed they were being tube-fed but were not,tube-fed participants
A)consumed more food.
B)consumed less food.
C)consumed the same amount of food.
D)consumed less nutritious food but more junk food.
Q3) If you are studying math problems because you really want to win an award,psychologists would say you have _____ goals; if you are just hoping that you do not get the lowest score in the class,you are exhibiting _____ goals.
A)avoidance; approach
B)approach; mastery
C)approach; avoidance
D)avoidance; mastery
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Raymond Cattell advanced the study of personality by:
A)developing case-study analysis.
B)disproving Early Greek theories of personality.
C)devising the Myers-Briggs inventory.
D)using factor analysis.
Q2) Gina's therapist suspects that Gina is suffering from a psychological disorder of some kind.To test this,she has Gina complete a personality inventory composed of many true/false questions.The assessment tool that the therapist is using is most likely the
A)MMPI
B)Rorschach test
C)TAT
D)NEO
Q3) Cattell used the statistical technique called ____________.
A)factor features
B)t test
C)pf analysis
D)factor analysis
Q4) Freud believed the id was fueled by an energy called _____________.
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Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) People who act impulsively,don't tolerate frustration,want their desires satisfied immediately,fail to develop emotional attachments,and show no remorse would be diagnosed with what personality disorder?
A)narcissistic
B)antisocial
C)histrionic
D)schizotypal
Q2) _____ involves intense extremes between positive and negative emotions,an unstable sense of self,impulsivity,and difficult social relationships.
A)Borderline personality disorder
B)Narcissistic personality disorder
C)Histrionic personality disorder
D)Antisocial personality disorder
Q3) Research indicates that people with _________________ do not respond as strongly to startling stimuli,such as loud noises or disturbing images.
Q4) One of the most controversial diagnoses in psychology today is dissociative identity disorder (DID).Provide two pieces of evidence for DID and four pieces of evidence citied by skeptics of the disorder.
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15
Chapter 14: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following,according to Rogers,is MOST likely to become a fully functioning person?
A)someone with a strongly developed superego
B)someone with an extroverted personality
C)someone brought up with conditional positive regard
D)someone brought up with unconditional positive regard
Q2) Generally speaking,which of the following is the most accurate statement about psychotropic drugs?
A)They are superior to talking therapy.
B)Their effects are rarely evident until weeks after taking them.
C)They are more effective if combined with some form of talking therapy.
D)Lifestyle changes are not necessary for alleviating problems with depression.
Q3) In what brand of psychotherapy would a clinical psychologist attempt to uncover the underlying unconscious conflicts and impulses that are the cause of one's psychological difficulties?
A)behavioral
B)cognitive-behavioral
C)humanistic
D)psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
Q4) Describe four key differences between humanistic therapies and psychoanalysis.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you were raised in a culture of honor,you are most likely to:
A)avoid aggressive acts at all costs.
B)rely solely on the legal system to provide justice.
C)insult or attack others without provocation.
D)be accepting of situations in which someone took revenge on another person.
Q2) Even though Jane thought it was wrong to take from others,she didn't want to be rejected by her peers,so she began shoplifting along with them.Jane probably experienced _______ when she stole.
A)the fundamental attribution error
B)reactance
C)central route change
D)cognitive dissonance
Q3) Which of the following is a criticism of the Implicit Associations Test (IAT)?
A)The IAT may measure only familiarity with a stereo-type,not actual prejudice.
B)The IAT actually measures explicit prejudice,not implicit prejudice.
C)The IAT is not reliable when subjects are retested.
D)Subjects can change their responses to make themselves appear less prejudiced.
Q4) The _____________________ occurs when we unconsciously mimic the behaviors and mannerisms of those around us for no apparent reason.
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Chapter 16: Krause and Corts
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is a hypothesized mechanism that serves to maintain body weight around a physiologically programmed level.
A)BMI
B)Set point
C)Obesity
D)A sedentary lifestyle
Q2) Some stress is actually beneficial for performance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following factors is not related to a person's weight?
A)Exposure to food advertisements
B)Sedentary lifestyle
C)Ethnicity
D)All of these are related to weight.
Q4) Some have accused psychologists of focusing too much on our negative aspects.In contrast,the goal of positive psychology is specifically to focus on our strengths.Describe two positive traits that allow people to deal in with stressful situations and maintain good health.What are some of the benefits associated with these traits?
Q5) Events or stimuli which trigger a stress response are called _____________.
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Chapter 17: Krause and Corts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is likely to be the best predictor of aggression in the workplace?
A)Presence of competitive employees
B)Presence of males in the workplace
C)Policies in the workplace that treat employees unfairly
D)Presence of females in the workplace
Q2) Generally speaking,which of the following is the most desirable style of leadership?
A)transactional
B)assertive
C)laissez-faire
D)transformational
Q3) Leaders with character exhibit which of the following traits?
A)Frugality
B)Fortitude
C)Politeness
D)good looks
Q4) Many structured interviews include __________ interview questions-questions about how the candidate would respond to a specific scenario or event that is relevant to the job.
Q5) In job analysis,KSAO stands for ____________________________.
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