Psychological Science
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Psychological Science explores the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, emphasizing theories, research methods, and empirical findings in areas such as perception, cognition, emotion, learning, development, personality, and social behavior. Students will examine how psychologists conduct research, interpret data, and apply psychological principles to real-world problems. The course encourages critical thinking and provides foundational knowledge for further study in psychology and related fields, highlighting ethical considerations and the diverse applications of psychological science in everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
Exploring Psychology 10th Edition by Myers
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Chapter 1: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research participants who carefully observe and report their immediate thoughts and feelings in response to different musical sounds are using the method known as A) critical thinking.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) introspection.
D) natural selection.
Answer: C
Q2) Hindsight bias most directly contributes to the perception that A) psychological theories are simply reflections of researchers' personal values. B) psychological research studies are simplified versions of reality.
C) psychological theories and observations are merely common sense.
D) psychological research studies are potentially dangerous.
Answer: C
Q3) Kathy does not want to become a psychologist because she has no interest in analyzing emotionally disturbed people.Use your knowledge of psychology's perspectives and subfields to expand Kathy's limited understanding of career opportunities for psychologists.
Answer: no answer
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3
Chapter 2: The Biology of Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identical twins raised apart have ________ similar personalities than identical twins raised together and ________ similar personalities than fraternal twins raised apart.
A) more;more
B) less;less
C) more;less
D) less;more
Answer: D
Q2) Paul and Jeff are biologically related non-twin siblings raised in the same home environment.Susan and Cathy are biologically unrelated children adopted at birth and raised as siblings in the same home environment.People are likely to ________ the personality similarities of Paul and Jeff and ________ the personality similarities of Susan and Cathy.
A) overestimate;underestimate
B) underestimate;overestimate
C) underestimate;underestimate
D) overestimate;overestimate
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is most likely to be associated with slow-wave sleep?
A) bed-wetting
B) sleep spindles
C) hallucinations
D) genital arousal
Answer: A
Q2) Animals with the ________ need to graze and the ________ ability to hide from danger tend to sleep less.
A) most;most
B) least;least
C) most;least
D) least;most
Answer: C
Q3) The cocktail party effect provides an example of A) change blindness.
B) dual processing.
C) selective attention.
D) blindsight.
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Developing Through the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although Mr.Tong was obviously busy reading an absorbing novel,his 4-year-old daughter kept interrupting him with comments and questions about the TV cartoons she was watching.Before Mr.Tong becomes irritated with his daughter for being inconsiderate,he should be alerted to Piaget's concept of A) object permanence.
B) conservation.
C) egocentrism.
D) accommodation.
Q2) Judy has recently had periods of mild physical discomfort,and her doctor notes that she is no longer able to become pregnant.It is most likely that Judy is experiencing A) lengthened telomeres.
B) neural plasticity.
C) menopause.
D) the empty nest syndrome.
Q3) The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome demonstrate that alcohol is a A) teratogen.
B) placenta.
C) digestive enzyme.
D) stress hormone.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most of the movies Jared watches involve uncommitted sex between acquaintances.He now tends to engage in "sex just for the fun of it-without commitment." His behavior would best be attributed to the fact that the movies provided him with a memorable
A) social script.
B) refractory period.
C) older-brother effect.
D) paraphilia.
Q2) Most of the romantic movies Alonso watches involve drinking alcohol prior to sexual interaction.Now Alonso almost always initiates sex only after sharing several drinks with his spouse.The movies may have influenced Alonso's behavior by conveying a memorable
A) refractory period.
B) paraphilia.
C) social script.
D) erotic plasticity.
Q3) Discuss how gender differences in both aggression and social connectedness are influenced by nature and nurture.Describe and justify the approaches that you would recommend to reduce the current gender differences in each of these two specific areas.
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Chapter 6: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) John Locke is to Immanuel Kant as ________ is to ________.
A) figure;ground
B) perception;sensation
C) nurture;nature
D) experience;learning
Q2) Psychics are unable to make millions of dollars betting on horse races.This undermines their claims to possess the power of A) clairvoyance.
B) synesthesia.
C) precognition.
D) telepathy.
Q3) After the word "bread" was briefly flashed and then replaced by a masking stimulus,observers detected the related word "butter" much faster than the unrelated word "bubble." This best illustrates the impact of A) sensory adaptation.
B) prosopagnosia.
C) priming.
D) Weber's law.
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8
Chapter 7: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) The idea that any perceivable neutral stimulus can serve as a CS was challenged by:
A) Garcia and Koelling's findings on taste aversion in rats.
B) Pavlov's findings on the conditioned salivary response.
C) Rescorla's findings about the effects of expectations on an animal's conditioned response.
D) Bandura's findings on observational learning and aggression in children.
Q2) Behaviorists such as John B.Watson would have been LEAST likely to attribute a child's behavior to:
A) mindless habits.
B) peer pressure.
C) conscious intentions.
D) parental discipline.
Q3) Little Albert developed a fear of rats after a white rat was paired with a loud noise.In this case,the loud noise was the:
A) unconditioned stimulus.
B) conditioned stimulus.
C) secondary conditioner.
D) neutral stimulus.
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9
Chapter 8: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Students who study throughout the term and then restudy course material at the end of a semester to pass a comprehensive final are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material.This best illustrates:
A) implicit memory.
B) the self-reference effect.
C) chunking.
D) the spacing effect.
Q2) When Sperling visually displayed three rows of three letters each for only one-twentieth of a second,research participants:
A) recalled only half the letters because they did not have enough time to see all of them.
B) recalled only about seven of the letters due to storage limitations.
C) had a momentary photographic memory of all nine letters.
D) formed a sensory memory of no more than a single letter.
Q3) Encoding verbal information based on the meaning of words is called:
A) echoic memory.
B) the acronym effect.
C) semantic processing.
D) chunking.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Students routinely underestimate how much time it will take them to complete assignments.This best illustrates the impact of:
A) the framing effect.
B) the availability heuristic.
C) an algorithm.
D) the planning fallacy.
Q2) Myra has such low self-esteem that she is often on the lookout for critical comments about her appearance and personality.Myra's behavior best illustrates the dangers of:
A) confirmation bias.
B) the framing effect.
C) trial and error.
D) algorithms.
Q3) On which of the following tasks are men most likely to outperform women?
A) speed reading
B) interpreting literature
C) learning a foreign language
D) mentally rotating three-dimensional objects
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11
Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The influence of personal and cultural experience on our wants and desires can most clearly be seen in the influence of ________ on motivation.
A) instincts
B) homeostasis
C) incentives
D) self-esteem needs
Q2) In anger-provoking situations,sexually aroused people experience more intense hostility than those who are not sexually aroused.This best illustrates the:
A) Cannon-Bard theory.
B) spillover effect.
C) James-Lange theory.
D) guilty knowledge test.
Q3) Women show ________ facial expression of emotion than men while viewing frightening films,and they show ________ facial expression of emotion than men while viewing happy films.
A) more;less
B) more;more
C) less;more
D) less;less
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Type B personalities have a ________ risk of heart disease than type A personalities and a ________ risk of heart disease than type D personalities.
A) higher;lower
B) lower;higher
C) higher;higher
D) lower;lower
Q2) Alyssa is feeling anxious and stressed.Which of the following would most effectively boost her mood by increasing the availability of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine,serotonin,and the endorphins?
A) biofeedback
B) relaxation training
C) mindfulness meditation
D) aerobic exercise
Q3) Chronic anger ________ the risk of heart disease,and chronic depression ________ the risk of heart disease.
A) increases;decreases
B) increases;increases
C) has no effect on;increases
D) increases;has no effect on
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The violent crimes of some group members inflate people's judgments of the crime rate within the entire group because the instances of violent crime are
A) social events.
B) frustrating events.
C) memorable cases.
D) repetitive events.
Q2) One explanation for the fundamental attribution error involves observers' A) cognitive dissonance.
B) limited visual perspective.
C) role playing.
D) central route persuasion.
Q3) Three keys to an enduring companionate love include A) the reciprocity norm,bystander intervention,and passionate love.
B) self-disclosure,altruism,and social responsibility.
C) equity,self-disclosure,and positive support.
D) superordinate goals,mirror-image perceptions,and GRIT.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Exaggerated feelings of self-importance are most closely linked with A) narcissism.
B) extraversion.
C) the spotlight effect.
D) self-efficacy.
Q2) Our genetically influenced traits evoke certain responses in others,which lead us to develop specific social-interaction skills.This best illustrates the impact of A) group identification.
B) the spotlight effect.
C) the maturity principle.
D) gene-environment interactions.
Q3) According to Freud,boys are most likely to experience the Oedipus complex during the ________ stage.
A) anal
B) phallic
C) oral
D) latency
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) One cluster of personality disorders marked by noticeably odd or eccentric behavior is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder.
A) avoidant
B) narcissistic
C) schizotypal
D) dissociative
Q2) The incidence of OCD is greatest among
A) preadolescent children.
B) teens and young adults.
C) middle-aged adults.
D) older retired persons.
Q3) Repeatedly thinking about your own death is to ________ as repeatedly washing your hands is to ________.
A) panic;agoraphobia
B) depression;compulsion
C) panic;phobia
D) obsession;compulsion
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nate's past relationships with his mother,his former wife,and his previous employer have been characterized by common patterns of resentment and emotional detachment.Helping Nate to gain insight into these recurring relationship patterns would be of greatest concern during the process of
A) behavior modification.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) psychodynamic therapy.
D) biomedical therapy.
Q2) One group of ocean voyagers is given a new but untested pill for seasickness and a second group is given an inactive pill.Neither the voyagers nor the experimental researchers know which group has received the new pill.In this experiment,the investigators are making use of
A) deep-brain stimulation.
B) neurogenesis.
C) SSRIs.
D) the double-blind procedure.
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Chapter 16: Exploring the Role of Industrial-Organizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Human factors psychologists would be most likely to aid in the design of A) computer keyboards.
B) weight-reduction programs.
C) protective clothing.
D) classroom management techniques.
Q2) Alonso is so absorbed in solving complex engineering problems that he loses track of time as he spends entire weekends working.Alonzo's experience best illustrates the concept of
A) strengths-based selection.
B) managing by objectives.
C) 360-degree feedback.
D) flow.
Q3) If IQ scores are normally distributed,having a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15,approximately what percentage of people have IQ scores between 55 and 145?
A) 34
B) 68
C) 95
D) 100
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