Psychological Science
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Psychological Science introduces students to the systematic study of thought, emotion, and behavior. This course covers foundational concepts in cognitive, biological, developmental, and social psychology, demonstrating how psychological research is conducted and applied to real-world issues. Students will explore current theories, experimental methods, and ethical considerations in psychology, gaining an understanding of how psychological science advances knowledge about individuals and groups.
Recommended Textbook
PSYCH 3rd Edition by Spencer A. Rathus
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14 Chapters
3208 Verified Questions
3208 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: What Is Psychology
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222 Verified Questions
222 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cognitive psychologists are specifically interested in studying
A)animal learning and motivation.
B)genetic and hormonal effects on behavior.
C)human thinking and memory.
D)introspection and behavioral disorders.
Answer: C
Q2) Contributions to psychology by women researchers include research on all of the following topics <b>EXCEPT</b>
A)parent-child attachment.
B)inaccuracies of memory.
C)primacy and recency effects.
D)introspection in research.
Answer: D
Q3) A _______ is a segment of a population that is targeted for study.
A)sample
B)group
C)team
D)all of these
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Biology and Psychology
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257 Verified Questions
257 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In an emergency, we would expect __________ to be very abundant in our brain and body.
A)GABA
B)endorphins
C)norepinephrine
D)serotonin
Answer: C
Q2) The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the
A)peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system.
B)peripheral nervous system and the somatic nervous system.
C)somatic nervous system and the motor nervous system.
D)sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
Answer: D
Q3) Genes are segments of chromosomes, which consist of molecules of _______________.
Answer: DNA
Q4) A large majority of humans are truly left-brained or right-brained.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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230 Verified Questions
230 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person who is sensitive to black and white only and hence color-blind is called a(n)
A)dichromat.
B)invalid.
C)monochromat.
D)trichromat.
Answer: C
Q2) After getting off a roller coaster ride you have difficulty maintaining your balance. This is due to _______.
A)vestibular senses
B)semicircular canals
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b
Answer: C
Q3) The perceived movement of a deer running through the woods is
A)termed the autokinetic effect.
B)mainly based on stroboscopic motion of the deer glimpsed through the trees.
C)mainly based on the deer's change of position relative to the trees.
D)termed phi phenomenon.
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Consciousness
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208 Verified Questions
208 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regular use of hallucinogenics usually
A)leads to physiological dependence.
B)causes withdrawal upon quitting.
C)does not lead to psychological dependence.
D)none of these
Q2) Deprivation of REM sleep in humans
A)can cause epileptic seizures.
B)interferes with learning and memory.
C)allows most individuals to handle stress better.
D)all of these.
Q3) Molly arrived in Juneau, Alaska to visit her aunt and uncle. Yet when she got there at 10 p.m., the sun was just beginning to set. This would affect her
A)circadian rhythm.
B)sleep cycle that is connected with the rotation of the earth.
C)sleep spindles.
D)circadian rhythm and sleep cycle that is connected with the rotation of the earth.
Q4) We spend about one-third of our adult lives asleep.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Learning
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225 Verified Questions
225 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) B. F. Skinner designed an educational practice based on operant conditioning. This practice worked on the assumption that complex tasks that involve conceptual learning along with motor skills can be broken down into small steps. This design was called A)programmed learning.
B)operant learning.
C)motor learning.
D)conceptual learning.
Q2) Professor Fournier gives a quiz every Monday. His students would then tend to __________ because they are on a __________ schedule of reinforcement.
A)start studying immediately after the quiz; fixed-interval
B)study regularly through the week; fixed-interval
C)study on Sunday nights; fixed-interval
D)pay attention in class; variable-interval
Q3) In observational learning a child may view and imitate a(n) ________ .
Q4) ___________ _____________ is a simple form of learning in which organisms learn to engage in behavior that is reinforced.
Q5) Describe the four schedules of partial reinforcement and provide examples for each.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Memory: Remembrance of Things Past--And Future
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210 Verified Questions
210 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to your textbook, which one of these statements is the most accurate regarding eyewitness testimonies?
A)They are not accurate and should therefore be disallowed.
B)Though highly variable and easily influenced, they are often reliable.
C)The reports are reliable only if the witness is very certain.
D)Children are more likely than adults to give accurate testimony.
Q2) Danielle, a college senior, is trying to remember the names of the classmates that attended her high school graduation party but cannot. It is most likely that
A)she never transferred the information from short-term to long-term memory.
B)the memory of the party has been written over by new information.
C)the memory of the party has been displaced from long-term memory by newer information.
D)she has not yet found the cues that will help her retrieve the information from long-term memory.
Q3) Information that is better retrieved in the physiological or emotional state in which it was encoded and stored, or learned is called context-dependent memory.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
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271 Verified Questions
271 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a difference between a prototype and an exemplar?
A)Prototypes are examples used to teach exemplars.
B)Exemplars are examples used to teach prototypes.
C)Prototypes are negatives instances.
D)Prototypes are positive instances whereas exemplars are negative instances.
Q2) Walking away from a problem temporarily can allow for _________ to help overcome mental sets that interfere with finding the correction solution.
A)industry
B)incantation
C)influence
D)incubation
Q3) Which of the following would <b>NOT</b> be categorized as belonging to the same "concept" as the other three?
A)vision
B)taste
C)speech
D)smell
Q4) We are using the _________ _________ when we base our estimates of frequency or probability of events on how easy it is to find examples.
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Chapter 8: Motivation and Emotion
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205 Verified Questions
205 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eating because you are bored, depressed, or socializing demonstrates the role of _________ in regulating the hunger drive.
A)learned behavior
B)psychological factors
C)external incentives
D)all of these
Q2) What does the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB) tell us about the sexual behavior of Americans?
Q3) Donna is captain of her HS swim team, works out regularly, and is very concerned about being in good shape. She occasionally goes off by herself and eats a half-gallon of ice-cream, but then forces herself to vomit afterwards. What condition does Donna likely have?
A)anorexia nervosa
B)bulimia nervosa
C)dementia
D)obesity
Q4) Most investigators agree that certain _________ _________ indicate the same emotions in all people.
Q5) The _________ _________ acts as a "stop-eating" center in rats.
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Chapter 9: The Voyage Through the Life Span
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245 Verified Questions
245 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A newborn shows a preference for his/her mother's voice rather than the father's voice. What is this most likely the result of?
A)an inability to hear until after birth
B)learning to recognize the mother's voice because of more exposure to these sounds before birth
C)an inability to hear lower pitched tones as in a male's voice
D)liking mom more than they like dad
Q2) Some theorists consider a new period of development, roughly spanning the ages of 18 to 25 years, at least in affluent nations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Piaget's term for a pattern of action or a mental structure that is involved in acquiring or organizing knowledge is a(n)
A)invariance.
B)hierarchy.
C)schema.
D)adaptation.
Q4) _______ _______ developed a theory of moral reasoning.
Q5) The beginning of menstruation is called _____.
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Chapter 10: Personality: Theory and Measurement
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236 Verified Questions
236 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Steve has just completed taking a personality assessment in which he was shown a series of cards one at a time and asked to make up stories about them. Which of the following is he most likely to have taken?
A)the Rorschach Inkblot Test
B)the MMPI
C)the Thematic Apperception Test
D)an Objective Test
Q2) Describe the five-factor model. What is it used for?
Q3) Beth prefers to spend her time alone and very rarely does something spontaneous. She would be described by Eysenck as
A)tough minded.
B)venturesome.
C)introverted.
D)extraverted.
Q4) What does the term "aptitude" refer to?
A)parental desires
B)personal interests
C)positive regard
D)current ability
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Chapter 11: Stress, Health, and Coping
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196 Verified Questions
196 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The usefulness of information about upcoming stressors is of greatest benefit to A)internals.
B)externals.
C)terminally ill patients.
D)students.
Q2) Evan is involved in a program with coping skills training and relaxation training. He can expect his immune function to A)strengthen.
B)weaken.
C)remain the same.
D)cease to function.
Q3) _____ psychology studies the relationships between psychological factors and the prevention and treatment of physical health problems.
Q4) Taylor and her colleagues would agree with which of the following?
A)Males and females exhibit different responses to stress.
B)Men are more likely to exhibit the tend-and-befriend response.
C)Women are more likely to exhibit the fight-or-flight response.
D)none of these
Q5) The leading cause of death in the United States is _____ _____ disease.
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Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders
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226 Verified Questions
226 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Learning theorists have suggested that people engage in schizophrenic behavior when it is more likely to be reinforced than normal behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If a diagnosis of a psychological disorder is valid, then we should be able to predict the course of the disorder. This is called
A)predictive reliability.
B)predictive validity.
C)truth in diagnosis.
D)none of these.
Q3) Psychodynamic and learning theorists disagree about the origins of dissociative disorders.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In _____ _____, the person is suddenly unable to recall important personal information and the loss cannot be attributed to a physical cause.
Q5) Free-floating anxiety and persistent worrying are characteristics of _____ _____ _____.
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Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy
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230 Verified Questions
230 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rational-emotive behavior therapy is to __________ as client-centered therapy is to __________.
A)conscious; unconscious
B)direction; nondirection
C)passivity; activity
D)all of these
Q2) Perls used the term __________ to indicate integration of the conflicting parts of personality.
A)dialogue
B)top dog
C)role
D)Gestalt
Q3) Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors are often prescribed to reduce the agitation, delusions, and hallucinations that often accompany schizophrenia.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Treatment methods that survive experiments in which participants are assigned at random to a specific treatment or to a control treatment are called _____ _____.
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Chapter 14: Social Psychology
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247 Verified Questions
247 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is a selfless concern for the welfare of others that can lead to heroic behavior.
Q2) In the Watergate or Iran-Contra scandals, the President's men believed that they were beyond the reach of the law. In terms of groupthink, they were experiencing A)feelings of invulnerability.
B)pressure to conform.
C)stereotyping of members of the outgroup.
D)reciprocity norms.
Q3) Your best friend, whom you haven't seen in a year, is coming for a visit. You can't wait to pick him up at the airport. You will spend the day cleaning to make sure everything is perfect. This demonstrates the effect __________ have on behavior.
A)schemes
B)concepts
C)processes
D)attitudes
Q4) When the presence of others causes our performance to improve, _____ _____ has occurred.
Q5) How important are first impressions? Can they be changed, and if so, how?
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