Psychological Science
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Psychological Science is a foundational course that introduces students to the scientific study of mind and behavior. The course explores core areas such as perception, cognition, learning, motivation, development, personality, and social interaction, while emphasizing research methods and critical thinking. Students engage with contemporary theories and empirical findings, gaining an understanding of how psychological principles are applied in real-world contexts. By participating in discussions, experiments, and analysis of case studies, students develop skills essential for further study in psychology and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology From Inquiry to Understanding 2nd Australia Edition by Scott O. Lilienfeld
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17 Chapters
2610 Verified Questions
2610 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Science and Pseudoscience in Psychology
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An important point from the authors' discussion on why people need to care about the dangers of pseudoscience is that
A)harm rarely results from pseudoscientific beliefs or treatments.
B)a lack of critical thinking may lead to a variety of negative outcomes on many different levels of society.
C)people are often quite accurate and unbiased in their day-to-day decision making.
D)quackery and pseudoscience are especially easy to detect without exposure to critical thinking or scepticism.
Answer: B
Q2) In science, a scientific theory is defined as a(n)
A)educated opinion about the natural world.
B)explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world.
C)personal understanding of natural laws.
D)testable prediction about the natural world.
Answer: B
Q3) ________ refers to claims or statements that superficially appear to be scientific but are not.
Answer: Pseudoscience
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3
Chapter 2: Research Methods
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A British literature instructor examines the number of class periods his students have missed by mid-terms and has the following data: 1, 0, 10, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 5, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2. What is the median for this data set?
A)0
B)1
C)1)7
D)2)5
Answer: B
Q2) Dr Potter, an English professor, is curious about his students' attitudes towards one of his favourite books. What research method is he most likely to use to gather this information?
A)Case study
B)Survey
C)Experiment
D)Naturalistic observation
Answer: B
Q3) ________ is the most important part of ensuring the generalisability of one's results to the general population.
Answer: Random selection
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drugs that decrease a neuron's receptor site activity are called A)agonists.
B)antagonists.
C)excitatory.
D)reuptake blockers.
Answer: B
Q2) The ________ regulates and maintains constant internal bodily states.
A)thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)amygdala
D)hippocampus
Answer: B
Q3) Phineas Gage tragically had a tamping iron propelled through his head. Both left and right sides of the prefrontal cortex were severely damaged. As a result of the accident, Phineas Gage
A)died from his injuries.
B)suffered loss of his arms and legs.
C)lost his sense of hearing.
D)suffered a change in personality.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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141 Verified Questions
141 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would probably not be a goal of human factors, or human engineering?
A)Decreasing physical fatigue
B)Increasing ease of use of technology
C)Increasing safety
D)Enhancing pain reduction
Q2) Why might it actually be less painful to sleep on a bed of nails than to be stabbed in the finger with one (at least in theory)?
A)The mechanoreceptors are only sensitive to light touch.
B)There are more free nerve endings in our fingers than our backs.
C)There are more mechanoreceptors devoted to the back than the fingers.
D)There are fewer free nerve endings in our fingers than our backs.
Q3) A whistle that gives a sound so high that it can only be heard by dogs, but not humans, exploits which aspect of the auditory system?
A)Loudness
B)Timbre
C)Pitch
D)Decibels
Q4) Explain why food tastes different when we have a cold versus when we do not.
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Chapter 5: Consciousness
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When you feel drowsy late at night, it is the result of activity occurring within your
A)amygdala.
B)cerebellum.
C)hypothalamus.
D)thalamus.
Q2) What is the biggest difference between the different stages of the sleep cycle?
A)Changes in physical activity
B)Changes in respiratory effort
C)Changes in muscle tone
D)Changes in brain-wave activity
Q3) Even though many assume that alcohol is primarily a ________, it is, in fact, primarily a(n)________.
A)depressant; psychedelic
B)depressant; stimulant
C)stimulant; depressant
D)stimulant; opiate
Q4) The ________ theory focuses entirely on the biological underpinnings of dreams.
Q5) The ________ theory of dreaming might suggest that your dog, Barker, dreams about his favourite bone.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The research into the usefulness of considering an individual's learning style has found which of the following?
A)Certain teaching approaches tend to be the most effective irrespective of individual learning styles.
B)The visual learning style is most predictive of academic success.
C)People who have kinesthetic learning styles are less likely to do well in a classroom than people with visual or auditory learning styles.
D)People who have a read/write learning style tend to have higher "analytic intelligence", which in turn predicts more academic success at the college level.
Q2) A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and therefore ________ the probability of a response.
A)removed; increases
B)removed; decreases
C)presented; increases
D)presented; decreases
Q3) Most token economy conditioning strategies use chips, tokens, or points as ________ reinforcers.
Q4) ________ is credited with developing the theory of classical conditioning.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Memory
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In answering this, and all other questions for this exam, you are making use of
A)encoding.
B)priming.
C)retrieval.
D)storage.
Q2) Jeff is studying with a fellow classmate and is frustrated that he is missing several important concepts from his notes.Jeff claims that the professor "never said that in class", and yet his friend has the information recorded in his notes. What kind of failure of memory might Jeff have experienced?
A)Retrieval
B)Storage
C)Encoding
D)Rehearsal
Q3) What does the result of research on primacy and recency effects suggest about human memory?
A)The forgetting of information occurs in predictable ways.
B)The forgetting of information occurs in a random manner.
C)Human memory abilities are quite poor.
D)We only recall information that is somehow unique and distinctive.
Q4) Why do you as an adult have a superior memory to an elementary school child?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Reasoning and Language
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is possible to increase both our reading speed and comprehension, as long as our speed does not exceed ________ words per minute.
A)100
B)200
C)300
D)400
Q2) Alex and Nicole just got married. They move into their new apartment and realise they need a coffee table. Alex takes four stacks of old textbooks and forms the legs of the table. He then takes an old piece of cardboard and lays it across the four "legs". Which cognitive tendency has Alex clearly mastered?
A)Mental set
B)Functional fixedness
C)Creative inhibition
D)Availability heuristic
Q3) The English language has ________ phonemes.
A)more than 100
B)between 60 and 75
C)between 40 and 45
D)no more than 15
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Intelligence and Iq Testing
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Justin was an average student in school. He ultimately earned his college degree, barely maintaining a "C" average. He has since been named manager of a local retail store and is responsible for the store's unprecedented success. According to Sternberg, at what type of intelligence does Justin excel?
A)Social
B)Practical
C)Analytical
D)Creative
Q2) The ________ is the most widely used intelligence test for adults.
Q3) According to Sternberg, ________ intelligence is akin to the ability to reason logically.
A)analytical
B)creative
C)practical
D)fluid
Q4) People began measuring intelligence through tests roughly ________ years ago.
A)50
B)100
C)200
D)500
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Human Development
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164 Verified Questions
164 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Piaget's theory of ________ development focuses on ways in which children learn, think, reason, and remember.
Q2) Which of the following is not one of the stages of prenatal development?
A)The amniotic stage
B)The germinal stage
C)The embryonic stage
D)The foetal stage
Q3) Bertram is a surly child who can't bear to be alone, yet he has few friends because he has little self-control. Even the children he prefers to be with, who are much younger than he is, get frustrated with his impulsiveness. His parents are probably of the ________ type.
A)authoritative
B)authoritarian
C)uninvolved
D)permissive
Q4) During which of the following age ranges does fertility reach its peak in women?
A)15-20 years of age
B)20-25 years of age
C)25-30 years of age
D)30-35 years of age
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Emotion and Motivation
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cultural guidelines that can regulate the expression of emotion are called
A)covert observation.
B)polygraphs.
C)display rules.
D)emotional cues.
Q2) Hanging out with friends with the same hobbies can best be explained by the ________ principle of relationship formation.
A)proximity
B)similarity
C)reciprocity
D)serendipity
Q3) In general, which of the following is the least related with happiness?
A)Marriage
B)Money
C)Flow
D)Political affiliation
Q4) Allen welcomed us at the entrance, smiling with an upward turning of the corners of his mouth, but with no drooping of his eyelids or a crinkling of the corners of his eyes. This is one example of a(n)________ smile.
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Chapter 12: Stress, Coping and Health
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139 Verified Questions
139 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The field of ________ studies the effects of psychological factors such as stress, emotions, thinking, and behaviour on the immune system.
A)social psychology
B)organic medicine
C)psychoneuroimmunology
D)interactive psychology
Q2) Antibodies, which stick to the surface of foreign invaders to slow their progress and attract other proteins that destroy them, are produced by ________.
A)B cells
B)Killer T cells
C)K cells
D)G cells
Q3) What are three approaches researchers have used in the study of stress?
A)Stress as a transaction, appraisal, and outcome
B)Stress as a stimuli, response, and transaction
C)Stress as a process, personality trait, and outcome
D)Stress as coping, appraisal and transaction
Q4) Research suggests that chronic stress can ________ the risk of developing an illness such as colds.
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A trait that assesses the extent to which people's behaviours reflect their true feelings and attitudes is called ________.
A)an excessive characteristic
B)self-monitoring
C)a belief
D)predictive
Q2) Which of the following researchers' work was the most influential in shaping our understanding of conformity?
A)Hans Eysenck
B)Solomon Asch
C)Martin Seligman
D)Muzafer Sherif
Q3) ________ occurs when an individual is aggressive towards an innocent target.
A)Obedience
B)Conformity
C)Prejudice
D)Scapegoating
Q4) The ________ is a persuasive technique involving having someone agree to a request and then revealing that there are additional hidden obligations.
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Chapter 14: Cross-Cultural Psychology
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59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nolan and McConnochie have suggested effective strategies for dealing with contradictions between Western and Indigenous ways of working in applied psychology. These are aimed at letting go of "Western ways that do not work". Which of the following would not work?
A)Doing a lot of informal talking and listening with the community.
B)Exploring psychological theory with the community.
C)Working slowly and paying attention to nonverbal signals from the community.
D)Finding out what the community sees as important and practical.
Q2) A medical specialist from Perth, Western Australia, has been appointed to improve the effectiveness of diabetes education among Aboriginal communities around Lake Argyll in the Kimberley. The first thing that person does is to find out from local leaders acceptable ways of communicating with the community and how to gain cooperation with the work. Which part of Vicary and Bishop's 10-step model does this best represent?
A)Self-reflection
B)Formative preparation
C)Networking and supervision
D)Referral
Q3) The way we think about ourselves and our place in the world is influenced by the ________ in which we live.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Personality
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which motto would best fit the id?
A)"I can't do that because it is against the rules."
B)"I would like to do that, but it can wait for later."
C)"If it feels good, then do it."
D)"If she did it, I can, too."
Q2) Which theory of personality is most concerned with understanding people's unconscious motivations?
A)Behavioural
B)Humanism
C)Psychoanalytic
D)Trait
Q3) An area of agreement between the psychoanalytic and behaviourist perspectives is
A)the belief that free will is an illusion.
B)the importance of the conscious mind.
C)the importance of sexuality and aggression as human motives that drive personality.
D)their focus on the unconscious mind as it was conceptualised by Sigmund Freud.
Q4) The biased assumption that females were inferior to males was a major point of contention between Freud's ideas and those of the neo-Freudian theorist ________.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which psychological disorder has the strongest evidence for a genetic link?
A)Antisocial personality disorder
B)Bipolar disorder
C)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)Schizophrenia
Q2) The belief that symptoms of depression lie on a continuum of normality is consistent with which approach to psychopathology?
Q3) The single most controversial psychological disorder is ________.
A)antisocial personality disorder
B)attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
C)autism
D)dissociative identity disorder
Q4) During the day, Barb suffers from frequent, unwanted thoughts that she has left her front door unlocked and recurrent images that all her belongings have been taken. These thoughts and images are what psychologists refer to as a(n)________.
A)compulsion
B)delusion
C)hallucination
D)obsession
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Chapter 17: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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178 Verified Questions
178 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One reason that nearly any type of credible treatment may produce strong beneficial effects is that people hope it will and want it to work. This idea is referred to as
A)the placebo effect
B)regression to the mean
C)the self-serving bias
D)spontaneous remission
Q2) The most nondirective form of psychotherapy is ________.
Q3) In ________, therapists teach clients to avoid extreme reactions to others' unreasonable demands, such as submissiveness and aggressiveness.
A)participant modelling
B)behavioural rehearsal
C)therapist modelling
D)assertion training
Q4) Identify and discuss the similarities and differences between the Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)and controlled drinking approaches to treating alcoholism.
Q5) ________ therapy is often a preferred approach to psychotherapy over individual therapy because it is more efficient and less costly.
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