Psychological Science Exam
Bank
Course Introduction
Psychological Science explores the systematic study of behavior and mental processes through empirical research and critical analysis. The course introduces students to the foundational theories, methods, and major subfields of psychology, including biological bases of behavior, cognition, development, emotion, motivation, social interactions, and individual differences. Emphasizing scientific inquiry, students learn how psychological knowledge is generated, validated, and applied to solve real-world problems, fostering an understanding of both human and animal behavior in a variety of contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Psychology The Science of Mind 3rd Edition by John T. Cacioppo
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16 Chapters
1942 Verified Questions
1942 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Mind the Discipline of Psychology
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Brindel is a contemporary psychologist who has been examining the "nature versus nurture" question.Which of the following would she be most likely to conclude?
A)We are solely a product of our surroundings and environment.
B)The mind is a result of interactions between inborn characteristics and everyday experiences.
C)We are nothing more than the sum of our genes.
D)Psychology should not concern itself with this question,as neither nature nor nurture can be studied in a scientific manner.
Answer: B
Q2) The Gestalt psychologists believed that breaking a "whole" perception into its building blocks,as advocated by the structuralists,would result in the loss of ____.
A)important psychological information
B)fundamental intellect
C)learned consciousness
D)irrational behaviors
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: The Measure of Mind Methods of Psychology
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Snape was skeptical after reading a study concluding that chocolate truffles reduced the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.Therefore,he initiated a similar study to determine whether he would achieve the same results.Dr.Snapes study would be termed a ____.
A)statistical sampling
B)validity test
C)regressive analysis
D)replication
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is not a significant drawback of conducting a longitudinal study?
A)Participants may drop out of the study for a variety of reasons.
B)Participants may come to no longer comprise a representative sample of a population.
C)It can take a long time and cost a lot of money.
D)It is highly susceptible to the cohort effect.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: The Evolving Mind Nature and Nurture
Intertwined
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which scenario best illustrates the concept of genetic drift?
A)Twelve thousand years ago Native Americans traversed the Bering Strait to settle in the Americas,causing different genetic traits to be favored over others.
B)The genetic mutation that causes sickle cell anemia also increases resistance to malaria,increasing the frequency of the diseased allele in the general population.
C)The prevalence of depression is greater in populations where the serotonin transporter gene translocated to position q21 along chromosome 17.
D)There is a higher than average rate of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome in the Amish community because the diseased allele was introduced by some of the original Amish settlers.
Answer: D
Q2) The heritability ratio of having a liver is ____.
A)0
B)0.25
C)0.75
D)1
Answer: A
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5
Chapter 4: The Biological Mind the Physical Basis of Behavior
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139 Verified Questions
139 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________,which is essential in the formation of long-term memories,takes its name from the Greek word for seahorse.
A)amygdala
B)hypothalamus
C)pia mater
D)hippocampus
Q2) Dr.Pohler is a neurobiologist studying ways to enhance the perception of sound in people with hearing difficulties.He discovers a natural neurotransmitter that increases the chance a neuron will fire an action potential,increasing sensitivity to sound.What is the effect of this neurotransmitter on the receiving neuron?
A)Inhibitory,causing hyperpolarization
B)Inhibitory,causing depolarization
C)Excitatory,causing hyperpolarization
D)Excitatory,causing depolarization
Q3) Myelin,which insulates many neuronal axons,is formed by ____.
A)synaptic coatings
B)blood vessel extensions
C)dendritic ensheathings
D)glial membranes
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Perceiving Mind Sensation and Perception
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tarik is designing a new race car video game.To create the illusion of depth,how should Tarik design the backdrop in relationship to the first person driver?
A)Show distant objects traveling in the opposite direction of the first person driver;show closer objects moving with the driver.
B)Show distant objects traveling with the first person driver;show closer objects moving in the opposite direction of the driver.
C)Show peripheral objects traveling with the first person driver;show central objects moving in the opposite direction of the driver.
D)Show central objects traveling with the first person driver;show peripheral objects moving in the opposite direction of the driver.
Q2) The smallest amount of stimulus that can be detected at least 50% of the time is known as the ________ threshold.
A)difference
B)fixed
C)absolute
D)distinct
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Chapter 6: The Aware Mind Elements of Consciousness
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One hypothesized mechanism by which antidepressant medications help to regulate mood is the suppression of ______ sleep.
A)N-REM stage 1
B)N-REM stage 2
C)N-REM stage 3
D)REM
Q2) A substantial body of research supports the idea that we unconsciously copy the behavior of others.Under what circumstances are we most likely to copy the behavior of other people? Reflect on circumstances in which you have imitated others,and then evaluate and attempt to explain the underlying causes for your behavior.
Q3) The addictive potential of alcohol is probably best explained by the way it stimulates the reward pathways for ______ in the brain.
A)dopamine
B)serotonin
C)GABA
D)acetylcholine
Q4) Compare and contrast a comatose state with a vegetative state.
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8
Chapter 7: The Feeling Mind Emotion and Motivation
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) We can think of motivation as a process that maintains ____.
A)self-awareness
B)self-actualization
C)homeostasis
D)competition
Q2) Suppose that it is 1964,and that Betty,a homemaker who put on weight with each of her three pregnancies,wants to lose 20 pounds.What medication would have been prescribed to Betty at that time to help her lose weight?
A)Ephedrine
B)Orlistat
C)Amphetamines
D)Sibutramine
Q3) Describe John Gottman's work in predicting the success of a relationship (Gottman,2011).Think about your own relationship with a romantic partner or close friend.How does your style of communication affect this relationship? How might it be improved?
Q4) Describe the four theories of emotion discussed in the text and provide an example for each.Which do you agree with the most and which the least? Explain your answer.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: The Adaptive Mind Learning
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Carlos has an intense fear of public speaking,which hinders his advancement in his job.He is an assistant professor of economics and must speak regularly to large classes of students.He must also present his research to his peers within the university and at large academic conferences.
Using principles of classical conditioning,develop a plan to help Carlos reduce his fear of public speaking.Be specific as to which principle(s)you are applying and how they work.
Q2) What distinguishes a reflex from an instinct?
A)In contrast to an instinct,a reflex does not depend on prior experience.
B)In contrast to a reflex,an instinct does not depend on prior experience.
C)An instinct is a more complex behavior than a reflex.
D)A behavior is a more complex behavior than an instinct.
Q3) The recognition that two different stimuli call for two different responses is known as
A)delectability
B)differentiation
C)desensitization
D)discrimination
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Chapter 9: The Knowing Mind Memory
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Roger is preparing for his final exam in Bioethics.The most difficult type of question for him on the exam,in terms of memory retrieval,will most likely be ____.
A)essay
B)true-false
C)matching
D)multiple choice
Q2) The first stage of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model involved the retention of large amounts of incoming data for very brief amounts of time.This is called ____.
A)declarative memory
B)short-term memory
C)sensory memory
D)explicit memory
Q3) Long-term memory is characterized by ____.
A)unlimited duration and unlimited capacity
B)limited duration and unlimited capacity
C)limited duration and limited capacity
D)unlimited duration and limited capacity
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Chapter 10: The Thinking Mind Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a rule of thumb approach in which we choose between alternatives based on emotional or "gut" reactions to stimuli?
A)Representativeness heuristic
B)Recognition heuristic
C)Affect heuristic
D)Availability heuristic
Q2) An attentional circuit involving the insula,the anterior cingulate cortex,and the ______ seems to play a role in complex social decision making,such as deciding whom to trust.
A)hypothalamus
B)basal ganglia
C)orbitoprefrontal cortex
D)amygdala
Q3) Describe the major categories of intellectual disability.
Q4) Morphemes are combined into phrases and sentences according to ____.
A)linguistic relativity principles
B)the nature of speech sounds
C)personal preferences
D)rules of grammar
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Chapter 11: The Developing Mind Life Span Development
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of the following two scenarios does Grace demonstrate that she has developed theory of mind?
(1)Grace accidentally pops Max's red balloon.Max is furious and heartbroken.Grace tells her mother "Max thinks I did it on purpose."
(2)Grace and Max play contentedly side by side with their blocks.Max builds a tower and Grace pushes it over believing that Max will think,as she does,that watching it fall is fun.
A)Scenario (1)only
B)Scenario (2)only
C)Scenarios (1)and (2)
D)Neither scenario
Q2) What is a teratogen?
A)A stimulus that results in heightened reflexes in the fetus
B)An abnormality in physiological development
C)A condition resulting from alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy
D)Any agent that can harm the zygote,embryo,or fetus
Q3) The text raises three potential dichotomies in development across the life span: nature-nurture,continuity-discontinuity,and universal-ecological.Describe them briefly and provide an example of each.
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13
Chapter 12: The Individual Mind Personality and the Self
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123 Verified Questions
123 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which toddler is likely to have the highest self-esteem when reaching first grade?
A)Amber,who is alternately clingy and rejecting toward her mother when she returns from work,though she shows great distress when her mother leaves for the day
B)Rhonda,who does not show distress when her mother leaves her with a new babysitter and does not immediately approach her mother when she returns
C)Max,who sometimes freezes in place,and at other times,seems confused when his mother returns from errands
D)Brock,who plays while his mother and the new babysitter chat,cries when his mother leaves him with the babysitter,and then runs over to his mother upon her return
Q2) Psychologists approach the study of the self by examining the ABCs.What are these?
A)Awareness,behavior,and concept
B)Affect,behavior,and cognition
C)Appearance,beliefs,and cognition
D)Actions,beliefs,and confidence
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14
Chapter 13: The Connected Mind Social Psychology
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to initial research regarding online communications (Lee,Park,Lee,& Cameron,2010),how are user-generated materials,such as blogs and reviews,viewed in comparison to formal news reports prepared by professional journalists?
A)They are viewed as less credible and accurate.
B)They are viewed as equally credible and accurate.
C)They are viewed as valid but not reliable.
D)They are viewed as reliable but not valid.
Q2) People are more likely to be persuaded by a message delivered by someone ____.
A)with whom they share some similarity
B)who is not highly attractive
C)who seems quite different from themselves
D)who seems unaffected by current trends
Q3) Efforts to persuade using negative emotions are very common.When are they likely to be most effective?
A)When negative consequences are depicted graphically
B)When listeners are jolted out of complacency by their anxiety
C)When they provide the most data to establish negative consequences
D)When listeners are given an action step that they can take to reduce their anxiety
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Chapter 14: The Troubled Mind Psychological Disorders
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the definition of a specific phobia?
A)The unrealistic fear of an object or situation other than those associated with agoraphobia or social anxiety
B)The experience of intense fear and autonomic arousal in the absence of any real threat
C)A disorder featuring anxiety that is not proportional to a person's circumstances
D)An intrusive,distressing thought that leads to intrusive,ritualistic behaviors
Q2) Women experience depression more frequently than men do.This discrepancy between rates of depression in men and women has been observed to ____.
A)be independent of race,ethnicity,social class,and country of residence
B)be dependent on race,ethnicity,social class,and country of residence
C)vary by race,ethnicity,social class,and country of residence
D)be causally related to race,ethnicity,social class,and country of residence
Q3) Critics of the DSM argue that the DSM has contributed to
A)the misdiagnosis of schizophrenia as dissociative identity disorder.
B)a decline in efforts to apply research to diagnosis.
C)three "false epidemics."
D)in increase in the prevalence of self-diagnosis of psychological disorders.
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Chapter 15: Healing the Troubled Mind Therapy
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evidence suggests that the earliest attempts at psychosurgery involved ____.
A)lobotomies
B)trepanation
C)canalization
D)cauterization
Q2) Dr.Schlomo uses a psychoanalytical approach when treating her clients.What underlying ideology influences her therapeutic style?
A)Personal views on extrinsic circumstances drive behavior.
B)Maladaptive behaviors arise from associating negative outcomes with certain events.
C)The unconscious mind controls behavior.
D)Societal judgments interfere with healthy behavior.
Q3) A nonsurgical alternative to deep brain stimulation is repeated ____.
A)ionic pulse stimulation
B)cerebral current stimulation
C)transcranial magnetic stimulation
D)neuropenetrative laser stimulation
Q4) What are the five steps of evidence-based practice (EBP)? Considering the pros and cons of EBP,as a therapist,would you follow EBP? Explain your answer.
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Chapter 16: The Healthy Mind Stress and Coping, Health
Psychology, and Positive Psychology
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who appears to be in the resistance stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome?
A)Jorge,who just had an argument with his best friend,but feels very alert and focused
B)Jeremy,who has been going through a divorce for over 2 years,and is having feelings of hopelessness and difficulties sleeping and eating
C)Eli,who has just noticed the woman he has long admired from afar is walking straight toward him at a party,and feels his heart pound and hands become sweaty
D)Alana,who has been juggling her classes,job,and partial care of her younger siblings,and has recently made an unusually poor choice of a boyfriend
Q2) Some psychologists refer to individual differences in the ability to cope with stress as resulting from a personality trait of hardiness.Which aspect of hardiness reflects seeing the world as interesting and seeking involvement rather than withdrawal?
A)Control
B)Commitment
C)Challenge
D)Compassion
Q3) Discuss three types of coping.
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Page 18