Psychological Research Methods
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and techniques used in psychological research. Students will explore the scientific method, research design, hypothesis testing, data collection, and statistical analysis. Emphasis is placed on critical evaluation of research literature, ethical considerations, and the practical application of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Through lectures, discussions, and hands-on projects, students will develop the skills necessary to design, conduct, analyze, and interpret psychological studies.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Edition 4th Edition by Roy F. Baumeister
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
19 Chapters
2843 Verified Questions
2843 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/297 Page 2
Chapter 1: The Mission and the Method
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
215 Verified Questions
215 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4937
Sample Questions
Q1) In psychology, the word "confederate" is used to refer to ____.
A) a research assistant who poses as a participant during the course of a research study in order to help create a certain situation
B) a research participant who is purposely disruptive during a study (e.g., a participant who lies on questionnaires or refuses to complete an experimental task)
C) a statistician or data analyst
D) a prototypical research participant (i.e., the "confederate response" is a term used to refer to the "average response" or "mean response")
Answer: A
Q2) Using more than one exemplar of a stimulus (such as more than one violent video game in a study investigating violent video content on aggression) is known as ____.
A) stimulus sampling
B) meta-analysis
C) factorial design
D) the interaction effect
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 2: Culture and Nature
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4938
Sample Questions
Q1) Culture is simply a shared way of doing things.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Keith Chen's work on money use in monkeys indicates that monkeys were able to learn rudimentary aspects of money handling.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) If humans had an automatic system but not a deliberate system, then it would probably be impossible for them to ____.
A) have children
B) learn how to bathe
C) think about the meaning of life
D) determine whether or not they were sexually attracted to someone
Answer: C
Q4) The two systems in the duplex mind are called the ________________ system and the ________________ system.
Answer: automatic,deliberate or deliberate,automatic
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: The Self
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
190 Verified Questions
190 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4939
Sample Questions
Q1) Research suggests that most "normal" people today ____.
A) are increasingly more pessimistic
B) think that they are about as competent as they really are C) are pessimistic and think that they are not as competent as they should be D) are both unrealistically optimistic and think that they are more competent than they really are
Answer: D
Q2) Is self-esteem related to academic grades?
A) Yes, they are positively correlated; and it appears that high self-esteem leads to good grades.
B) Yes, they are positively correlated; and it appears that good grades lead to high self-esteem.
C) Yes, they are positively correlated; and it appears that high self-esteem leads to good grades AND that good grades lead to high self-esteem.
D) No, self-esteem is not related to academic grades.
Answer: B
Q3) ________________ refers to the process by which the self monitors, controls, and modifies itself.
Answer: Self-regulation
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 5
Chapter 4: Choices and Actions
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
195 Verified Questions
195 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4940
Sample Questions
Q1) The existence of absolute free will is undisputed amongst social psychologists.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Research on the planning fallacy indicates that we tend to ____ when making predictions about ourselves and we tend to ____ when making predictions about other people.
A) be overly optimistic; be overly optimistic also
B) be overly optimistic; be realistic
C) be overly optimistic; be overly pessimistic
D) be realistic; be overly pessimistic
Q3) Research on decision-making indicates that people tend to place more weight on possible gains than on possible losses when considering the pros and cons of a particular choice.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which individual is least likely to experience goal shielding?
A) Kayla, who is not very committed to achieving her goals
B) Leo, who is somewhat committed to achieving his goals
C) Martin, who is very committed to achieving his goals
D) Nan, who has decided in theory to commit to her goal
Page 6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Social Cognition
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4941
Sample Questions
Q1) Research indicates that ____ engage in counterfactual thinking; and that ____ engage in meta-cognition.
A) both humans and other animals; both humans and other animals
B) both humans and other animals; only humans
C) only humans; both humans and other animals
D) only humans; only humans
Q2) When people want to suppress a thought, the automatic mind works to ____.
A) keep a lookout for anything that might remind them of the unwanted thought
B) redirect attention away from the unpleasant thought
C) "numb" the mind so that people do not think any thoughts
D) "cover up" the unwanted thought with other, competing thoughts
Q3) Within the field of social cognition, scripts can be thought of as ____.
A) more elaborate, or complex, versions of schemas
B) schemas about events
C) preliminary versions of schemas
D) finalized versions of schemas
Q4) Social psychologists call how information is presented to others ________________, while politicians call it ________________.
Q5) Define and give an example of three heuristics that are discussed in the textbook.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Emotion and Affect
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4942
Sample Questions
Q1) For which group(s) is there a strong association between overeating and being in a bad mood?
A) Only adults with binge eating disorders
B) Both adults with binge eating disorders and adults who binge eat (but not those with clinical disorders)
C) Only adults who binge eat (but not those with clinical disorders)
D) Adults with binge eating disorders, adults who binge eat (but do not have clinical disorders), and adults who do not binge eat
Q2) Research on happiness and parenting indicates that couples who have children are ____ than couples who do not have children, although ____.
A) happier, this finding is not consistent
B) happier, this may be a modern phenomenon
C) less happy, this finding is not consistent
D) less happy, this may be a modern phenomenon
Q3) According to the text, emotions are ____, whereas moods are ____.
A) linked to particular events; not linked to particular events
B) not linked to particular events; linked to particular events
C) automatic responses; conscious evaluations
D) conscious evaluations; automatic responses
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 8
Chapter 7: Attitudes, Beliefs and Consistency
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4943
Sample Questions
Q1) Social psychologists use the term ____ to refer to the fact that research reveals only a weak relationship between people's stated attitudes and actual behaviors.
A) behavioral schism
B) the A-B problem
C) cognitive dissonance
D) attitude polarization
Q2) The fact that the gap between pro-condom attitudes and non-condom-using behaviors is larger among women than men best demonstrates ____.
A) effort justification
B) post-decision dissonance
C) attitude-behavior consistency
D) attitude polarization
Q3) In 1968, social psychologist Robert Zajonc proposed that "____ of the individual to a stimulus is a sufficient condition for the enhancement of his attitude toward it."
A) mere repeated exposure
B) affective forecasting
C) excitation transfer
D) attitude polarization
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
9
Chapter 8: Social Influence and Persuasion
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4944
Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose that Walter is undergoing an interview training seminar in which he repeatedly practices coming up with responses to the statement, "You're not qualified." For example, he practices rebutting with, "Actually if you'll take a closer look at my resume..." and "If you'll just give me a chance..." It would appear that Walter's interview training seminar is teaching him how to avoid rejections based on the idea of ____.
A) systematic desensitization
B) alpha strategies
C) inoculation
D) the boomerang effect
Q2) Research has shown that fear-based appeals are especially effective when ____.
A) particularly horrifying photos are shown
B) people are already very frightened
C) people are unfamiliar with the issue being addressed
D) written warnings are accompanied by pictures
Q3) Social psychologists distinguish between two forms of social influence: ____.
A) implicit and explicit
B) social and cultural
C) normative and informational
D) internal and external
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 10
Chapter 9: Prosocial Behavior: Doing Whats Best for Others
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4945
Sample Questions
Q1) A series of studies conducted in restaurants indicates that when people dine in groups, they tend to order ____. This finding can be explained by the fact that ____.
A) a variety of different items-more variety than expected by chance, people tend to conform to one another's orders
B) a variety of different items-more variety than expected by chance, people don't like to order the same items that others are ordering
C) a very narrow selection of items-more narrow than expected by chance, people tend to conform to one another's orders
D) a very narrow selection of items-more narrow than expected by chance, people don't like to order the same items that others are ordering
Q2) Some evidence suggests that empathy levels are ____ in college students. A) increasing B) remaining stable
C) decreasing D) high
Q3) The idea that empathy motivates people to reduce others' distress is known as the ________________.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
11
Chapter 10: Aggression and Antisocial Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4946
Sample Questions
Q1) Marlon tends to see other people's interactions as aggressive in nature. Marlon is showing the hostile perception bias.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The tend and befriend syndrome is ____.
A) a female pattern of responding to general stress
B) a style of responding to aggressive threats that is often taught in anger-management therapies
C) a style of responding to aggressive threats that is characteristic of some (non-human) animals when confronted by dominant opponents
D) a general orientation toward others that many people take on when encountering new, ambiguous situations
Q3) Research indicates that violence is most associated with ____.
A) extremely low self-esteem levels
B) slightly low self-esteem levels
C) neither high self-esteem nor low self-esteem
D) grandiose, inflated opinions of oneself
Q4) Explain how norms can be manipulated to change behavior such as littering.
Q5) Instinct theories argue that aggression is ____________________.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Interpersonal Attraction and Rejection
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4947
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is TRUE about how waist-to-hip ratio affects judgments of attractiveness?
A) Men tend to prefer women with a ratio of .7, but women tend to not make judgments about men's attractiveness on this basis.
B) Men tend to prefer women with a ratio of .9, but women tend to not make judgments about men's attractiveness on this basis.
C) Men tend to prefer women with a ratio of .7, but women tend to prefer men with a ratio of .9.
D) Both men and women prefer a ratio of .9.
Q2) If Arnold and Alice are dating, and Arnold forgets Alice's birthday, her feelings are likely to be hurt, regardless of ____.
A) how much she cares about the relationship
B) whether or not Arnold "forgot" her birthday on purpose
C) whether she construes this to mean that Arnold doesn't care about their relationship
D) whether or not she feels rejected or uncared for
Q3) According to ________________ theory, we are more likely to engage in behaviors that have been rewarded in the past than in other behaviors.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 13
Chapter 12: Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and Sexuality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4948
Sample Questions
Q1) John Bowlby's interest in attachment began in the context of ____.
A) the Korean War
B) World War I
C) World War II
D) the Vietnam War
Q2) What is the best definition of "social reality"?
A) beliefs held in common by many people
B) how mainstream opinion affects one's reality
C) physical reality as visualized by the individual
D) how an individual behaves in the presence of others
Q3) Happy and unhappy couples tend to make use of different attributional styles when explaining their spouses' behaviors.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The sexually arousing power of a new partner is called the Coolidge effect.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare and contrast perspectives on male and female sexuality derived from social constructionist theories, evolutionary theory, and social exchange theory.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Prejudice and Intergroup Relations
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
186 Verified Questions
186 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4949
Sample Questions
Q1) Research on the economics of sports suggests that ____.
A) racial discrimination is financially beneficial for most teams
B) racial discrimination can be costly for teams
C) racial discrimination does not occur
D) racial discrimination is rare
Q2) Categories that people use for individuals who do not fit a more general stereotype are called ____.
A) subtypes
B) ingroups
C) outgroups
D) stigmas
Q3) The so-called "outgroup homogeneity bias" refers to the tendency for people to ____.
A) perceive members of outgroups as relatively similar, but members of ingroups as relatively different
B) perceive different outgroups as relatively similar to one another
C) assume that outgroups are similar to ingroups
D) believe that outgroups should be more similar to ingroups
Q4) Describe the strategies available to overcome stereotypes and reduce prejudice.
Q5) To what degree are stereotypes accurate?
Page 15
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 14: Groups
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
193 Verified Questions
193 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4950
Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to human groups, the social groups formed by animals are much less tolerant of ____.
A) within-group diversity
B) within-group hierarchy
C) within-group competition
D) between-group competition
Q2) What is NOT one of the three processes upon which social facilitation depends?
A) evaluation apprehension
B) distraction
C) bodily arousal
D) social loafing
Q3) The so-called commons dilemma involves two kinds of conflicts: one concerning ____ and one concerning ____.
A) self-interest; time
B) communication; self-esteem
C) accountability; self-awareness
D) norms; self-esteem
Q4) Identify and briefly describe at least three of the symptoms of groupthink (i.e., three of the group features and/or situational features that indicate that a group is suffering from groupthink).
Page 16
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 15: Applying Social Psychology to Consumer Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4936
Sample Questions
Q1) Many consumers today are feeling time compression, leading them to select products that will alleviate time pressure. In consumer psychology terminology, this phenomenon is called ____.
A) time poverty
B) the commons dilemma
C) polychronic poverty
D) time shrinkage
Q2) In consumer psychology, the term shrinkage refers to ____.
A) the tendency for consumers to devalue products once they own them
B) the tendency for consumers to overanalyze, and over-justify, their purchases
C) the tendency for consumers to devalue products that they consider but don't end up buying
D) a company's loss of money or inventory as a result of shoplifting or employee theft
Q3) Research indicates that the presence of credit card stimuli is associated with ____.
A) having a marked preference for lower prices
B) making quicker decisions to spend
C) delaying decisions to purchase an item
D) having a negative view of credit card use
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: Applying Social Psychology to Health
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4935
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Lazarus, during ____ appraisal, we ascertain whether an event is positive, negative, or neutral, and if negative, whether it is harmful, threatening, or challenging.
A) fundamental
B) primary
C) identification
D) secondary
Q2) The tend-and-befriend response is a more ____ stress response for females than the basic fight-or-flight response.
A) dangerous
B) threatening
C) rational
D) illogical
Q3) How does stress relate to homeostasis?
A) Stress is the upsetting of homeostasis.
B) Stress is the exacerbation, or worsening, of homeostasis.
C) Stress leads to homeostasis.
D) Stress is caused by homeostasis.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 18
Chapter 17: Applying Social Psychology to the Workplace
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4934
Sample Questions
Q1) Women who work longer hours tend to eat ____ snacks than men who work the same number of hours.
A) more high fat and high sugar
B) more high fat but fewer high sugar
C) more high sugar but fewer high fat
D) less high fat and high sugar
Q2) The process organizations use to identify qualified individuals for a job is ____.
A) recruitment
B) selection
C) determination
D) discovery
Q3) A survey of 300 professionals involved in their company's hiring process indicated that ____ use social networking sites to screen prospective employees and that they have rejected applicants based on what they found on those sites.
A) 51%
B) 66%
C) 91%
D) 86%
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 18: Applying Social Psychology to the Law
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4933
Sample Questions
Q1) Own-race bias refers to the observation that ____.
A) people tend to trust individuals of their own race more than people of other races
B) people are more likely to correctly identify members of their own race than members of other races
C) people tend to believe that members of other races are more likely to commit crimes than are members of their own race
D) people preferentially associate with members of their own race, increasing the likelihood they will be victimized by members of their own race
Q2) The jury pool in the United States is known as a(n) ____.
A) venire
B) voir dire
C) implicit panel
D) challenger board
Q3) Compared to other juries, juries that are "death qualified" tend to ____.
A) over-represent the poor
B) over-represent women
C) remember more of the evidence that is presented in a trial
D) be more likely to judge defendants guilty rather than innocent
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 20
Chapter 19: Applying Social Psychology to the Environment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4932
Sample Questions
Q1) One of the key barriers to solving environmental problems such as overpopulation and global warming is ____.
A) rule of law
B) the fundamental attribution error
C) sensory overload
D) the commons dilemma
Q2) Of the following approaches to encouraging people to conserve water and energy, which has been most effective?
A) Education
B) Prompts
C) Simple reasoning
D) Having people make public commitments
Q3) The concepts of sensory overload and cognitive control are related to crowding in that sensory overload tends to ____ crowding and cognitive control tends to ____ crowding.
A) accompany; inhibit the experience of
B) accompany; also accompany
C) inhibit the experience of; also inhibit the experience of
D) inhibit the experience of; accompany
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 21