Psychological Disorders
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive overview of psychological disorders, exploring their classification, causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Students will examine the criteria used to diagnose mental health conditions, such as those outlined in the DSM-5, and gain insight into the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to their development. Through case studies and scientific research, the course emphasizes evidence-based approaches to understanding mood, anxiety, psychotic, and personality disorders, and highlights the impact of stigma and cultural perspectives on mental health care.
Recommended Textbook
Abnormal Psychology An Integrative Approach 8th Edition by David H. Barlow
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16 Chapters
2192 Verified Questions
2192 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context
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228 Verified Questions
228 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In terms of feelings of inadequacy, sensitivity to criticism, and need for reassurance, individuals with personality disorder and Personality disorder are quite similar.
A) dependent; avoidant
B) dependent; schizoid
C) schizoid; avoidant
D) histrionic; antisocial
Answer: A
Q2) An individual requesting treatment at a mental health clinic keeps talking about how gangsters are "out to get him." Before diagnosing paranoid personality disorder, we must determine whether
A) his fears are justified.
B) his family life is stable.
C) he has ever attempted suicide.
D) he avoids socialization.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Looking at the findings of many cross-fostering studies (Francis et al., 1999, Suomi, 1999, Tienari et al., 1994) it appears that positive interventions such as good parenting in early life may
A) have little effect in terms of preventing psychopathology in those genetically predisposed to such conditions.
B) dramatically change the genetics of individuals genetically predisposed to psychopathology.
C) have a greater effect on future generations than on the individual exposed to the "good parenting."
D) override the genetically influenced tendency to develop psychopathology in later life.
Answer: D
Q2) Bullying studies in mice suggest that the functions of the mesolimbic system
A) can be switched from avoidance to reinforcement.
B) can be switched from reinforcement to avoidance.
C) cannot be changed by experience.
D) can only be changed with drugs.
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Determining mood and affect is an important part of the mental status exam. Although both of these terms refer to feeling states of the individual, it would be correct to say that affect is more than mood.
A) immediate
B) severe
C) problematic
D) stable
Answer: A
Q2) Why would a doctor order a PET scan? How does a PET scan work?
Answer: PET scans are images of brain functioning and are often used when diagnosing brain trauma or early Alzheimer's. PET scans work when a tracer substance is attached to radioactive isotopes. The substance interacts with blood, oxygen, and glucose rushes to active areas of the brain. The location of the isotopes are then imaged, measured and compared with uninjured brains.
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Chapter 4: Research Methods
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138 Verified Questions
138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The type of study that generally does not follow the scientific method and typically contains many confounds is the A) case study.
B) correlation model.
C) true experiment.
D) longitudinal study.
Q2) At this point, we know much more about the psychological disorders. of psychological disorders than the of A) genotype; phenotype
B) phenotype; genotype
C) behavioral causes; social influences
D) social influences; behavioral causes
Q3) Write a hypothesis and identify the independent and dependent variables that could be measured.
Q4) Describe each of the four components of informed consent for research participants. Explain why it may be difficult to satisfy informed consent when research participants are mentally retarded adults.
Q5) Describe the Patient Uniformity Myth and explain why it is important to recognize in clinical research.
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Chapter 5: Anxiety, Trauma and Stressor-Related, and
Obsessive-Compulsive
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Agoraphobia, which has come to mean "fear of going out," derives from the Greek word agora, meaning ____________.
A) marketplace
B) home
C) travel
D) safe
Q2) Unlike most of the anxiety disorders in which female sufferers predominate, the sex ratio is almost equal in __________.
A) agoraphobia
B) specific phobias
C) social phobia
D) panic disorder
Q3) According to several cross-cultural research studies reported in the textbook, the prevalence of OCD is
A) very similar across cultures.
B) lower in European countries.
C) higher in African nations.
D) virtually nonexistent in some cultures.
Q4) Why do anxiety conditions differ from person to person?
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Chapter 6: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders and Dissociative
Disorders
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Joe just ate six chili dogs and drank a liter of soda. If Joe suffers from illness anxiety disorder, he would probably interpret any resulting stomach discomfort as A) his own fault for eating so much.
B) the result of poor quality food.
C) gas pains from overeating.
D) a sign that something is seriously wrong with his stomach.
Q2) In regard to diagnosing a patient's symptoms as a conversion disorder, it is A) quite apparent when a patient is malingering (faking), but it is difficult to determine whether symptoms are due to real physical disorders or a conversion disorder. B) quite apparent when a symptom is due to a real physical disorder, but it is impossible to determine the difference between a conversion disorder and patient malingering (faking).
C) rather easy to determine the difference between symptoms that the patient fakes, those caused by real physical disorder, and symptoms caused by conversion disorder. D) very difficult to determine whether the symptoms are due to malingering (faking), real physical disorders, or conversion disorder.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Mood Disorders and Suicide
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to recent research on the development of depression, dysfunctional attitudes (a negative outlook) and hopelessness attributes (explaining things negatively) constitute a vulnerability to depression.
A) biological
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) sociological
Q2) In 1989, Abramson and his colleagues revised Seligman's theory of learned helplessness, changing the focus from specific attributions to as the crucial factor in depression.
A) lack of control
B) a sense of hopelessness
C) repressed anger
D) a feeling of failure
Q3) All of the following are side effects of lithium therapy EXCEPT .
A) lowered thyroid functioning
B) weight loss
C) toxicity
D) lack of energy
Q4) Identify and explain the risk factors associated with suicide.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals who experience loss of control of their eating and consume great quantities of food but do not engage in any attempts to compensate for their binge would be diagnosed with A) bulimia nervosa.
B) binge-eating disorder.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) anorexia nervosa.
Q2) Fred has been having a great deal of trouble initiating and maintaining sleep. He guesses that he is sleeping for an average of about 3 hours each night and complains that he feels terrible during the day. In addition, Fred has always experienced some anxiety but has recently felt a tremendous increase in his overall anxiety level. The existence of both a sleep disorder and anxiety
A) makes the diagnosis of primary insomnia incorrect.
B) increases our confidence that primary insomnia is the correct diagnosis.
C) indicates that the insomnia is a result of the anxiety rather than a cause of the anxiety.
D) is extremely common since sleep problems can be both a cause and a result of anxiety.
Q3) Discuss possible treatments for eating disorders.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Physical Disorders and Health Psychology
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the 1960s, Neal Miller, using with animals, discovered the first experimental evidence that
Physiological functions were subject to voluntary control.
A) classical conditioning
B) physical retraining
C) operant conditioning
D) obedience training
Q2) Regarding the age ranges for the risk of HIV/AIDS, which of the following statements is accurate?
A) For women, the highest risk is between 15 and 25.
B) For women, the highest risk is during their late 20s and early 30s.
C) The age range for risk is younger for men than for women.
D) The age ranges for risk are the same for both males and females.
Q3) Based on findings from clinical research, treatment programs for chronic pain focus primarily on
A) surgical procedures.
B) herbal remedies.
C) psychological factors.
D) experimental procedures for pain relief.
Q4) Why might it be important to engage sexual partners in HIV prevention?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders and Gender Dysphoria
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sexual dysfunctions are
A) more common in heterosexuals than homosexuals.
B) more common in homosexuals than heterosexuals.
C) equally common in heterosexuals and homosexuals.
D) generally not reported, so little is known about their incidence.
Q2) The basic concept behind the covert sensitization method of treating unwanted sexual arousal is to
A) create empathy for the victim of the behavior.
B) replace the immediate reinforcement of the behavior with the unpleasant consequences that ordinarily take longer to be experienced.
C) create a physically painful experience to replace the immediate reinforcement that the unwanted behavior has previously produced.
D) improve family functioning, social skills, and overall effectiveness of appropriate adult relations.
Q3) Research regarding sexual orientation suggests that homosexuality is
A) purely genetic.
B) that sexual orientation has an exclusively biological cause.
C) based on learning and choice only.
D) influenced by biological/genetic, psychological, and social factors.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Substance-Related, Addictive, and Impulse-Control Disorders
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The community reinforcement approach, a new type of program that has been started to address the problem of substance abuse, includes all of the following components EXCEPT
A) a non-substance-abusing relative participates with the alcoholic in relationship improvement sessions.
B) encouraging the substance abuser to accept that his or her friends may continue to be users but associating with them is still OK.
C) assistance with employment, education, finances, or other social service areas is provided to help reduce stress.
D) suggesting options for new recreational activities to replace previous drug-related activities.
Q2) Substance intoxication includes all of the following EXCEPT
A) the specific drug that is used.
B) how much of a drug is used or ingested.
C) the drug user's individual biological reaction.
D) physiological dependence on the drug.
Q3) Discuss what is meant by impulse control disorders, and describe why pathological gambling fits into this category of disorders and how it can be treated.
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Chapter 12: Personality Disorders
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134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Henry is viewed by many as a workaholic and not very social. He is at his desk every morning at 7:30 a.m. and takes few breaks (although these breaks are always at the same time every day). Henry is known to be a perfectionist. The problem is that he does not seem to get much accomplished since he spends so much time making sure that everything is perfect before moving on to the next task. Henry appears to suffer from personality disorder.
A) avoidant
B) obsessive-compulsive
C) schizoid
D) antisocial
Q2) When presented with words projected on a computer screen, individuals with borderline personality disorder are more likely than individuals without the disorder to remember the word .
A) celebrate
B) abandon
C) full
D) charming
Q3) Describe the characteristics and causes of borderline personality disorder, and discuss possible treatment approaches and their efficacy.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rashad blames martians for the rainy weather. Rashad's doctor is exploring what kinds of brain dysfunctions Rashad has through a PET scan study. Rashad's doctor is using which kind of theory:
A) irrational beliefs.
B) motivational.
C) deficit.
D) cognitive.
Q2) Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Recent research demonstrates that many people are helped by antipsychotic drugs.
B) Resent research indicates that many people no longer experience unpleasant side effects.
C) Recent research found that second-generation antipsychotic meds were no more effective than the older drugs.
D) Recent research found that second-generation antipsychotic meds were better tolerated than the older drugs.
Q3) Discuss some of the causative factors of schizophrenia, including genetic influences, neurotransmitter imbalances, prenatal viral exposure, and psychological stressors.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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123 Verified Questions
123 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One intriguing finding from research involving reading disordered individuals who speak multiple languages is that
A) reading disorders are independent of culture/language.
B) individuals who speak more than one language rarely have specific learning disorders.
C) evidence of the reading disorder may exist for one or two languages, while the individual may be completely free of the disorder in another language.
D) the complexity of the English language may contribute to the higher rate of reading disorders in English- speaking countries.
Q2) All of the following are typical behaviors for children with autistic disorder EXCEPT
A) spinning a wheel on a toy truck and staring at it for hours.
B) throwing a loud tantrum when prevented from carrying out a ritual.
C) becoming wildly upset when one toy was removed from the shelf.
D) performing complex math calculations that appear well beyond their abilities.
Q3) Your text discusses the racial differences in the diagnoses of Specific Learning Disorder. Based on what you learned about diagnosis, describe likely causes for these differences:
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Chapter 15: Neurocognitive Disorders
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The involuntary limb movements in Huntington's Disease are known as: .
A) infarctions
B) delirium tremors
C) chorea
D) chronic tremors
Q2) The gradual deterioration of brain functioning that affects judgment, memory, language, and other cognitive processes is called _______________.
A) major neurocognitive disorder
B) delirium
C) amnestic disorder
D) mental retardation
Q3) The risk for developing neurocognitive disorder is influenced by all of the following psychological or social factors EXCEPT
A) cigarette smoking.
B) participation in sports such as boxing.
C) personality traits such as extroversion.
D) level of formal education.
Q4) How does a holistic psychosocial intervention best serve someone with a cognitive impairment?
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Chapter 16: Mental Health Services
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term transinstitutionalization refers to the movement of people with severe mental illness out of psychiatric hospitals and into any or all of the following EXCEPT
A) jails and prisons.
B) nursing homes.
C) group residences.
D) community health centers.
Q2) The clinical efficacy axis of the clinical practice guidelines established by the American Psychological Association in 1995 was designed to answer the question:
A) "What kind of research should be done to determine the type of clinician best suited for particular patients in terms of their diagnosis and chronicity?"
B) "Is the treatment effective compared to an alternative treatment or to no treatment in a controlled clinical research setting?"
C) "How long should a treatment be continued if there is no improvement in the patient's condition or if the patient has serious side effects?"
D) "What is the most efficient way of admitting patients to clinics or hospitals?"
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