Psychological Assessment
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Course Introduction
Psychological Assessment is a course designed to introduce students to the fundamental principles, methods, and instruments used to evaluate psychological constructs such as intelligence, personality, aptitude, and mental health. The course covers the theory and practice of test development, administration, and interpretation, as well as ethical, legal, and cultural considerations in assessment. Students will gain practical experience with a variety of standardized psychological tests, learn how to critically analyze assessment data, and understand how assessment informs diagnosis, intervention, and research in diverse settings.
Recommended Textbook
Theories of Personality 11th Edition by Duane P. Schultz
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15 Chapters
1256 Verified Questions
1256 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Personality: What It Is and Why You Should Care
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true of research on the effect of culture in shaping personality?
A) European Americans displayed a far greater number of negative emotions than did the Asian Americans.
B) Recent Chinese immigrants to Canada scored significantly higher in extraversion than those who have been living for past ten or more years.
C) Brain wave activity in response to a particular visual stimulus has been found to be the same among people from all cultures.
D) In general,people from Western cultures are more optimistic than people from Eastern cultures.
Answer: D
Q2) The reliability of assessment techniques is concerned with whether a test measures what it is intended to measure.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis
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83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true of instincts as described by Freud?
A) An instinct is a state of physiological excitation or energy.
B) When the body is in a state of need,a person experiences a feeling of calmness.
C) The aim of an instinct is to satisfy a need and thereby reduce feelings of tension.
D) It is always possible to escape the pressure of our physiological needs.
Answer: C
Q2) In Freud's psychosexual stages of development,each developmental stage has a conflict that must be resolved before the infant or child can progress to the next stage.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Freud regarded _____ as our primary motivation.
A) sex
B) reliability
C) fear
D) morality
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Carl Jung: Analytical Psychology
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI),an assessment test based on Jung's psychological types and the attitudes of introversion and extraversion.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Jung used the method of _____ to analyze his patients' dreams.
A) free association
B) amplification
C) manifest analysis
D) word association
Answer: B
Q3) Jung broke from Freud's concepts because:
A) he decided to follow his own ideas and viewpoints on personality.
B) Freud was Jewish and Jung was a non-Jew.
C) Jung had no contact with Freud on a regular basis.
D) he placed far more importance to sexuality in shaping personality than Freud did.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Alfred Adler: Individual Psychology
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85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adler preferred the terms "objective goals" or "unguided self-discovery" for the concept of fictional finalism as it is known today.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Adler used the term "social interest" to indicate:
A) coping behavior.
B) a fun-loving aspect of human nature.
C) community feeling.
D) a unique style of life of the upper classes.
Q3) In Adler's view,a mother's influence:
A) is responsible for a person's ability to strive for perfection.
B) is negligible because the child is guided more by the future than the past.
C) can lead to the development of an Oedipus complex.
D) can foster or thwart the development of social interest.
Q4) Youngest children have an inferiority complex and therefore often develop at a slower rate than their older siblings.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the concept of fictional finalism.
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Chapter 5: Karen Horney: Neurotic Needs and Trends
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Horney's view,the more _____ a child feels,the more the child represses his or her hostility toward the parents.
A) protected
B) secure
C) ambitious
D) guilt
Q2) In Horney's view,although childhood influences are important,_____.
A) middle age is the phase of transformation from extraversion to introversion
B) later experiences also shape personality due to the flexibility of human nature
C) adolescent experiences are more important than the earliest childhood experiences
D) the idealized self-image of a person will be the greatest influence throughout his or her life
Q3) Horney agreed with Freud about the:
A) importance of the early childhood years in shaping the adult personality.
B) primacy of instincts.
C) dominant role of the unconscious.
D) greater impact of biological forces as compared to social factors on personality.
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Chapter 6: Erik Erikson: Identity Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) How is the superego developed in a child in the locomotor-genital stage according to Erikson?
Q2) Identify the assessment technique Erikson used in his analysis of emotionally disturbed children.
A) Psychological testing
B) Free association
C) Dream analysis
D) Play therapy
Q3) Research on Erikson's psychosocial stages demonstrated:
A) little support for all individual stages and their associated psychological manifestations.
B) a relationship between happiness and adaptive development in the first six stages.
C) no relationship between the individual stages and their ascribed aspects of personality.
D) support for the occurrence of generativity or stagnation during adolescence.
Q4) Explain the concept of identity crisis experienced in adolescence.Explain the basic strength that is required to overcome anxiety in this stage.
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Chapter 7: Gordon Allport: Motivation and Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was Allport's argument against Freud's psychoanalysis?
A) People are generally unaware of the forces that motivate them.
B) There exists a continuum between the normal and the abnormal.
C) Functional similarities in personality exist between child and adult or animal and human.
D) Neurotics,children,and animals,should not be compared with normal adults.
Q2) When compared to childhood,Allport believed adulthood is:
A) controlled by the life and death instincts.
B) ruled by primitive biological urges and reflexes.
C) characterized by a stronger ego.
D) unconstrained by past experiences.
Q3) At the _____ stage of the development of the proprium,children realize their identity remains intact despite the many changes that are taking place.
A) self-esteem
B) extension-of-self
C) self-identity
D) self-image
Q4) Mention and describe in a sentence the seven stages of the development of the proprium as given by Allport.Also,mention the ages in which these stages occur.
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Chapter 8: Raymond Cattell, Hans Eysenck, The Five-Factor
Theory, Hexaco, and the Dark Triad
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true of Eysenck's approach to Cattell's theory?
A) He disagreed with Cattell and stated that personality is composed of the id,ego,and superego.
B) He supplemented factor analysis with other personality tests.
C) He was an advocate of factor analysis and Cattell's research.
D) He demonstrated that factor analysis could be replicated under any circumstance.
Q2) _____ traits are the driving forces for behavior.
A) Temperament
B) Dynamic
C) Guiding
D) Modal
Q3) Cattell has identified 16 _____ traits that form the basis of personality.
A) surface
B) unique
C) ability
D) source
Q4) According to Eysenck,explain the characteristics of extraverts and mention the biological differences between extraverts and introverts.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Abraham Maslow: Needs-Hierarchy Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Maslow,which of the following is a metaneed?
A) Wholeness
B) Esteem
C) Belongingness
D) Sex
Q2) In the context of Maslow's needs-hierarchy theory,all of the following are physiological needs except the need for _____.
A) food
B) sleep
C) friendship
D) water
Q3) Distinguish self-actualizers from others in terms of their basic motivation.
Q4) Maslow proposed a second set of innate needs called the _____,which exist outside the hierarchy.
A) prestige needs
B) aggressive needs
C) cognitive needs
D) self-actualization needs
Q5) List out the characteristics of self-actualizers as identified by Maslow's research.
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Chapter 10: Carl Rogers: Self-Actualization Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) The only predetermined belief of the person-centered therapist is:
A) that a fully-functioning person is perfect.
B) that all people have some kind of abnormality.
C) what the therapist finds in a client's complete assessment.
D) the client's inherent value and worth.
Q2) Rogers used psychological tests to assess his clients' personalities.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One of the criticisms of Rogers's work was that:
A) training in his methods required a medical degree and a lengthy period of specialization.
B) he ignored those factors of which the clients were not consciously aware but which could influence behavior.
C) he did not verify the accuracy of his reports.
D) his data did not rely on objective observation and were not gathered in a controlled and systematic fashion.
Q4) Positive self-regard evolves from a developmental sequence of conditions of worth.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: George Kelly: Personal Construct Theory
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A construct's range of convenience is:
A) its relevance to particular situations or people.
B) defined by the number of needs it satisfies.
C) determined by the number of people who hold the same construct.
D) applicable to normal or abnormal behavior.
Q2) Personal constructs are oriented toward the:
A) reconstruction of past events.
B) anticipation of future events.
C) actualization of unconscious desires.
D) release of psychic energy.
Q3) The idea that a new construct and an old one may be consistent in one situation and inconsistent in another situation is the:
A) congruence corollary.
B) fragmentation corollary.
C) successive modulation corollary.
D) situational corollary.
Q4) Describe Kelly's personal construct theory and discuss the concept of constructive alternativism.
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Chapter 12: Bfskinner: Reinforcement Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the four schedules of reinforcement and give one example for each.
Q2) In fixed-interval reinforcement,_____.
A) rats press the lever very rapidly when reinforcements are extinguished
B) the response rate declines when the interval between reinforcements is shortened
C) the frequency of reinforcers had no effect on how quickly the responses extinguished
D) the timing of the reinforcement is unrelated to the number of responses
Q3) Skinner was taught by his parents to:
A) think clearly,rationally,and objectively.
B) fear God,the police,and what people think.
C) love,listen,and be creative.
D) be judgmental,serious,and honest.
Q4) In Skinner's experiment with a rat,the _____ becomes the reinforcer for the behavior of depressing the bar.
A) electric shock
B) food
C) Skinner Box
D) experimenter
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Chapter 13: Albert Bandura: Modeling Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the context of ethical issues,which of the following statements is true of behavior modification techniques?
A) They occur without the client's awareness and regulation.
B) They will be unsuccessful unless the client understands what behaviors are being reinforced.
C) They manipulate and control people against their will.
D) They put constraints on socially acceptable behaviors,which can sometimes interfere with personal growth.
Q2) According to Bandura,a child who becomes fearful during thunderstorms or is nervous around strangers may have acquired such fears from his or her parents.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Modeling is observing the behavior of a model and repeating the behavior ourselves.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The most influential source of efficacy judgments is performance attainment.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Facets of Personality: Taking Control, Taking Chances,
and Finding Happiness
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Uba,1994,Chinese residents of Hong Kong were _____ externally oriented than Americans of Chinese heritage,and Americans of Chinese heritage were _____ externally oriented than Americans of European heritage.
A) less; more
B) less; less
C) more; less
D) more; more
Q2) Describe the findings of three research studies on how the locus of control varies with mental health differences.
Q3) At Ohio State University,Julian Rotter advanced his:
A) social-learning approach to psychology.
B) behaviorist approach to psychology.
C) psychoanalytic approach to psychology.
D) cognitive approach to psychology.
Q4) Zuckerman used the method of _____ to identify sensation seeking.
A) ANOVA
B) factor analysis
C) standard deviation
D) z-test
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Personality in Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) In one study,hostile mothers were found to rear children who did not become hostile.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the social and environmental forces that shape personality do so by the methods of learning.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe in a sentence or two dispositional traits,personal concerns,and life narrative.
Q4) _____ is beneficial to many aspects of life and is determined by social and environmental factors.
A) Control
B) Change
C) Consistency
D) Conformity
Q5) Research in personality finds that traits are consistent over the life span.
A)True
B)False
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