Psychological Assessment Review
Questions
Course Introduction
Psychological Assessment is an essential course that explores the principles, methods, and ethical considerations involved in evaluating individuals' cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and personality characteristics. Students will learn about the history and theory of psychological testing, including test construction, reliability, and validity. The course covers various assessment tools, such as intelligence tests, personality inventories, and projective techniques, and their application in clinical, educational, and organizational settings. Emphasis is placed on cultural sensitivity, professional standards, and the interpretation and communication of assessment results to inform diagnosis and intervention strategies.
Recommended Textbook
Personality 9th Edition by Jerry M. Burger
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17 Chapters
1024 Verified Questions
1024 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: What Is Personality
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54 Verified Questions
54 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an explanation that personality researchers from the biological approach give for aggressive behavior?
A) The inheritance of a proclivity to be aggressive.
B) An adaptive mechanism according to evolutionary theory.
C) Levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following approaches has focused on the way people learn from watching role models?
A) Psychoanalytic approach
B) Behavioral/social learning approach
C) Biological approach
D) Cognitive approach
Answer: B
Q3) To achieve a full understanding, personality researchers must examine psychological topics from more than one approach.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Personality Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tony found in his study of introversion that the more introverted subjects in his sample had fewer problems at work. Tony has found evidence for a
A) cause of work-related satisfaction.
B) statistically significant positive correlation.
C) statistically significant negative correlation.
D) a nonmanipulated independent variable.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about theories of personality?
A) They provide only a part of the picture of human personality.
B) They support the expert's viewpoint.
C) Theories are predicted from one hypothesis or another.
D) They are directly tested using empirical methods.
Answer: A
Q3) To obtain an interaction in your research findings, you would need more than one A) independent variable.
B) dependent variable.
C) hypothesis.
D) statistical test.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application,
and Assessment
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70 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Without this defense mechanism, Freud would be unable to explain the resolution of the Oedipus complex. Which defense mechanism is this?
A) Repression
B) Sublimation
C) Displacement
D) Projection
Answer: A
Q2) Freud used which principle to characterize the actions of the ego?
A) Pleasure principle
B) Reality principle
C) Hospitality principle
D) Morality principle
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following best describes the relationship between the ego and the id?
A) The ego's function is to thwart id impulses.
B) The ego and id work together to overcome powerful superego impulses.
C) The ego works to satisfy id impulses in a socially acceptable manner.
D) The ego works with the superego to block the expression of id impulses.
Answer: C
5
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Chapter 4: The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) The view that deeply hypnotized people experience a division of their consciousness is known as
A) neodissociation theory.
B) sociocognitive theory.
C) trance theory.
D) neonatal theory.
Q2) "Posthypnotic amnesia" refers to the hypnotic subjects' inability to recall
A) whether or not they have been hypnotized.
B) what happened under hypnosis.
C) what happened under hypnosis when the hypnotist tells them they cannot remember.
D) events that happen after hypnosis.
Q3) Researchers draw a distinction between defense mechanisms and coping strategies, in that defense mechanisms are ________ whereas coping strategies are
A) negative; positive
B) ineffective; effective
C) innate; learned
D) unconscious; conscious
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Page 6
Chapter 5: The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo Freudian
Theory, Application, and Assessment
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54 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements can be attributed to Jung's view of religion?
A) "Authoritarian religions emphasize that we are controlled by a powerful God."
B) "Modern psychotherapy has taken on the role once reserved for the clergy."
C) "Humanistic religions emphasize that there is no God."
D) "The religions of mankind must be classified as a mass-delusion."
Q2) Adler's assessment of middle children was positive.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to Adler, all but one of the following parental behaviors is likely to lead to personality problems in the children. Which one?
A) Giving the child too much attention
B) Being overprotective
C) Giving too little attention
D) Allowing the child to be independent
Q4) Briefly sketch the life of Alfred Adler, stating how his life experiences may have influenced his theory. Discuss Adler's contribution to psychoanalytic theory and identify the main points of his approach, including the roles of inferiority, birth order, and other basic factors that influence personality development in Adler's view.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Neo Freudian Theories: Relevant Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on frustration and aggression generally has found that
A) frustration always leads to aggression.
B) frustration sometimes leads to aggression.
C) frustration rarely leads to aggression.
D) frustration always leads to aggression, but sometimes in indirect or displaced forms.
Q2) Researchers who examined student's reactions to traumas like car accidents and health issue found that students
A) low in coping flexibility experienced less stress as a result of the traumas.
B) low in coping flexibility experienced no stress from the traumatic events.
C) high in copying flexibility experienced less stress as a result of the traumas.
D) high in copying flexibility experienced less avoidance of future traumas.
Q3) According to Freud, guilt is most closely associated with A) reality anxiety.
B) neurotic anxiety.
C) moral anxiety.
D) performance anxiety.
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8
Chapter 7: The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
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67 Verified Questions
67 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following assumptions underlies the trait approach to personality?
A) Each person belongs in one and only one personality category.
B) We can place a person somewhere along a continuum of behaviors.
C) People in one personality category are distinctly different from people in other categories.
D) Personality can change as a function of the situation the person is in.
Q2) What is meant by using the score on a measure of social desirability to test discriminant validity? List the problems associated with self-report inventories and the logic behind assessment of social desirability.
Q3) Tonya often becomes upset over daily stressors. More than most people, she experiences such emotions as sadness, anger and anxiety. This description of Tonya is best accounted for by which of the factors in the five-factor model?
A) Agreeableness
B) Neuroticism
C) Extraversion
D) Openness
Q4) The projective test that Murray developed the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Trait Approach: Relevant Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to Type Bs, how do Type A people typically respond to a stressful task?
A) They become more aroused than Bs, but try to adjust their arousal level down.
B) They are aware of becoming highly aroused, but choose to do nothing about it.
C) They do not become as aroused as Type Bs.
D) They become more aroused than Bs, but tend to ignore or deny physiological stress.
Q2) Research finds that shy people deliberately keep conversations short and polite and avoid potentially controversial or embarrassing topics. Some researchers point to these findings to suggest that social anxiety is caused by excessive
A) fear of strangers.
B) fear of the unknown.
C) evaluation apprehension.
D) need for control.
Q3) Presidents whose inaugural speeches indicated a high need for Achievement are usually rated by historians as ineffective leaders.
A)True
B)False
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10
Chapter 9: The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Scales designed to measure BAS and BIS correlate with measures of extraversion and introversion, respectively.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Research indicates that a child's temperament is related to how well he or she performs in school. Researchers explain this finding with each of the following reasons except one. Which one?
A) Temperament is related to intelligence.
B) Teachers may be more willing to work with students of certain temperament.
C) Some temperaments are more compatible with the requirements of the typical classroom than others.
D) Teachers sometimes misinterpret temperamental differences in their students.
Q3) Alison becomes very anxious when she has to give a speech in front of an audience. Advocates of evolutionary personality theory might call Alison's problem an example of anxiety caused by A) conditioning.
B) an inherited temperament.
C) a fear of social exclusion.
D) a fear of novel situations.
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Chapter 10: The Biological Approach: Relevant Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers have difficulty determining genetic influences on personality when they simply compare children with their parents. This is because
A) it is difficult to find comparable measures for children and adults.
B) genetic and environmental influences on personality are confounded when using this method.
C) it is difficult to find control groups that match the experimental groups.
D) we need to follow the development of the children's personalities for many years to determine genetic influences.
Q2) One problem with adoption studies is that the homes in which twins are placed
A) are so very different that comparisons cannot be made.
B) are often very similar because adoptive families are similar in important ways.
C) are highly specialized for adoptive parenting.
D) allow the same genetic influences to emerge.
Q3) Siblings' personalities may be similar because A) children inherited personality traits from their parents.
B) siblings share the same living environments during childhood.
C) siblings are raised in the same way by parents.
D) all of the above
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Chapter 11: The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each of the following is an element of humanistic psychology except one. Which one?
A) Personal responsibility
B) Fully functioning persons
C) Personal growth
D) Identity crisis
Q2) According to Rogers, clients are able to overcome defenses and accept experiences that have been denied and distorted when they
A) experience conditional positive regard.
B) experience unconditional positive regard.
C) think about what they are saying to the therapist.
D) have a good self-concept.
Q3) Rogers and Freud provide distinctly opposite answers to the question of whether or not
A) anxiety plays a role in psychological disorders.
B) people use defenses to reduce anxiety.
C) a psychotherapist should explain to a client what the client really means.
D) people are influenced by mental processes of which they are not aware.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cross-cultural researchers find that the causes of high self-esteem are
A) similar in nearly all cultures.
B) different in individualistic and collectivist cultures.
C) similar in nearly all cultures, but what makes people happy varies across cultures.
D) impossible to assess because of subtle differences among languages.
Q2) Participants in one experiment selected topics to discuss from a list provided by the experimenter. They took turns discussing topics until each participant had spoken 12 times. When researchers examined the intimacy levels of the topics selected, they found each of the following results except one. Which one?
A) Participants began their conversations with relatively nonintimate topics.
B) The intimacy of the topics increased as the experiment progressed.
C) Participants tended to match their partner's level of intimacy.
D) Participants became more anxious as the intimacy levels of the topics increased.
Q3) Define preference for solitude and describe people at either end of this individual difference dimension. Give the humanistic approach's explanation for why some people desire solitude.
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Chapter 13: The Behavioralsocial Learning Approach:
Theory, Application, and Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) A woman experiences high levels of nervousness right before she is to speak in front of a large audience. She decides she can't go through with the speech. She later tells her husband she could not speak because she was anxious. If her husband were B. F. Skinner, how might he respond?
A) "Your feelings of anxiety indeed caused you to not speak because they acted like a punishment."
B) "The anxiety is unrelated to the change in your behavior."
C) "The change in your behavior and your feelings of anxiety probably have the same aversive contingencies as a common cause."
D) "Anxious feelings do not exist because we cannot observe them."
Q2) Systematic desensitization is used by behavior therapists to help clients suffering from which problem?
A) phobia
B) anxiety
C) shyness
D) an undesirable behavior, such as a bad habit
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Page 15
Chapter 14: The Behavioral Social Learning Approach:
Relevant Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Under which of the following circumstances would we expect children to be least likely to imitate an aggressive model?
A) When the model is declared a hero and rewarded.
B) When they see the model engage in justified aggression.
C) When the model is punished for aggressive behavior.
D) When the child sees a behavior the child likes.
Q2) According to Bandura's model, children can learn aggressive behaviors even when they
A) do not pay attention to the model's behavior.
B) do not remember the model's behavior.
C) are not rewarded for engaging in the behavior.
D) do not notice the model's behavior.
Q3) Research on individual differences in locus of control originated from the theorizing of
A) B. F. Skinner.
B) Albert Bandura.
C) Julian Rotter.
D) Henry Murray.
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Chapter 15: The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Kelly, individual differences in personality can be traced to all of the following sources except one. Which one?
A) The number of constructs in a person's construct system.
B) The way a person organizes the constructs in his or her construct system.
C) The person's level of motivation to make sense out of the world.
D) The kinds of constructs in a person's construct system.
Q2) Many different therapies fall within the broad cognitive approach, but each cognitive therapy identifies _________ as the cause of behavioral problems and disorders.
A) a loss of freedom
B) early childhood experiences with caregivers
C) inappropriate behaviors
D) inappropriate thoughts
Q3) According to Kelly, construct systems are never perfect. When constructs fail us as we try to predict events,
A) old constructs are selected out of the system.
B) new constructs are constantly generated to replace the old ones.
C) healthy people fail to consider new information.
D) it lessens our ability to predict what will happen the next time.
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Chapter 16: The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research
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Q1) In a study in which researcher presented a series of hypothetical situations to boys, those with a history of reactive aggression
A) were more likely to perceive actions as intentional or hostile.
B) suppressed their tendency toward aggression.
C) learned how to cope with the feelings of hostility.
D) hardly ever had aggressive thoughts related to the situations.
Q2) You read about cognitive research that investigated word memory in depressed people between depression-associated words and nondepression-associated words. Which of the following was not a group that recalled depression-associated words better than normal people?
A) Clinically depressed patients
B) Mildly depressed college students
C) Nondepressed patients
D) Students simply asked to think about some sad events
Q3) Which of the following is true about aggressive scripts?
A) They represent ways to act that have been learned.
B) We learn them by watching aggressive models.
C) When they have been practiced, they are more likely to be shown.
D) all of the above
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Page 18
Chapter 17: General Questions
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Q1) Of the following psychotherapists, who did Abraham Maslow meet during his teaching career?
A) Freud
B) Alder
C) Jung
D) Rogers
Q2) Many researchers have examined achievement behavior by looking at
A) responses from the presentation of TAT cards.
B) the words people recall from a list.
C) number of years of education.
D) how people react to failure.
Q3) There was a time during the history of personality psychology when studying personality meant comparing the theories of Freud and Jung and Adler. Today, the relative importance of the neo-Freudian theories
A) appears to have declined.
B) remains popular among a greater variety of approaches.
C) is enjoying a "come back."
D) stands as a testament to the significance of their psychoanalytic roots.
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