Psychobiology
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Psychobiology explores the intricate relationship between biological processes and behavior, integrating concepts from psychology, neuroscience, and biology. The course examines how the brain and nervous system influence cognition, emotion, and behavior, addressing topics such as neural communication, sensory perception, hormonal regulation, genetic influences, and the biological basis of mental disorders. Students will gain insight into methods of studying brain-behavior relationships and consider the implications of psychobiological research for understanding human and animal behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Behavioral Neuroscience An Introduction to Biological Psychology 4th Edition by Laura
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
16 Chapters
2642 Verified Questions
2642 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/262 Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4310
Sample Questions
Q1) Experiments in which the cortices of rabbits and dogs were stimulated electrically were carried out by
A) Paul Broca.
B) Santiago Ramón y Cajal.
C) Fritsch and Hitzig.
D) Camillo Golgi.
Answer: C
Q2) Traditionally, electroencephalography (EEG) is most commonly used to study A) emotion.
B) psychopathology.
C) states of consciousness and epilepsy.
D) learning and memory.
Answer: C
Q3) The Neuron Doctrine was proposed by A) Descartes.
B) Bell and Magendie.
C) Camillo Golgi.
D) Santiago Ramón y Cajal.
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 3
Chapter 2: Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
202 Verified Questions
202 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4311
Sample Questions
Q1) A friend calls and says his child is complaining of a severe headache. When the child bends her head forward she screams in pain. The parent asks you what to do. Given what you have read in this chapter, what would you suggest?
A) Have the child lie down; she'll probably be fine.
B) Call the pediatrician in the morning.
C) Get the child immediately to a physician to be evaluated for meningitis.
D) Get the child to see a neurologist without delay, as she likely has a brain tumor.
Answer: D
Q2) The degree of cortical convolution in the brain predicts a species'
A) cognitive abilities.
B) physical size.
C) identity as an herbivore, a carnivore, or an omnivore.
D) identity as nocturnal or diurnal.
Answer: A
Q3) _____ sections are parallel to the midline, ______ sections divide the brain from front to back, and ______ sections divide the brain from top to bottom.
Answer: Saggital, coronal, horizontal
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 4
Chapter 3: Neurophysiology: The Structure and Functions of the
Cells of the Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
163 Verified Questions
163 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4312
Sample Questions
Q1) Von Economo neurons probably participate in which of the following functions?
A) assessing and performing complex social behaviors
B) regulation of important body functions, including temperature, hunger, and thirst
C) processing of complex visual stimuli
D) reflexive motor behaviors
Answer: A
Q2) The uncovered section of axon membrane between two segments of myelin is known as a(n)
A) axon terminal.
B) axon hillock.
C) collateral.
D) node of Ranvier.
Answer: D
Q3) The membrane potential at which an action potential is triggered is known as the A) resting potential.
B) threshold.
C) absolute refractory period.
D) relative refractory period.
Answer: B
Page 5
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
180 Verified Questions
180 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4313
Sample Questions
Q1) A chemical messenger released from the hypothalamus that acts on cells in the pituitary is a
A) neurotransmitters.
B) neuromodulators.
C) neurohormones.
D) neuroenzymes.
Q2) In the human brain, about how many neurons use serotonin as their primary neurochemical?
A) 200,000
B) 1 million
C) 200 million
D) 1 billion
Q3) At the dopaminergic synapse illustrated in this figure, cocaine, amphetamine, and methylphenidate act as ____________________ by ____________________ reuptake.
Q4) Chronic users of cocaine and amphetamine frequently show symptoms similar to A) major depressive disorder.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) schizophrenia.
D) ADHD.
Page 6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
147 Verified Questions
147 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4314
Sample Questions
Q1) Cells in the outer layers of the cerebral cortex are the ___________ to begin migrating, and they have the _____________ journey to their final destination.
A) first; shortest
B) first; longest
C) last; shortest
D) last; longest
Q2) .Describe the development of the neural tube into bulges or vesicles.
Q3) Brain weight begins to decline significantly in humans past the age of _________ years.
A) 20
B) 45
C) 65
D) 80
Q4) How many chromosomes are typically present in human cells?
A) 20 pairs for a total of 40 chromosomes
B) 21 pairs for a total of 42 chromosomes
C) 22 pairs for a total of 44 chromosomes
D) 23 pairs for a total of 46 chromosomes
Q5) Summarize the major events that occur in synaptogenesis.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Vision
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
171 Verified Questions
171 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4315
Sample Questions
Q1) The periphery of the retina is superior to the center for viewing
A) colorful objects in bright light.
B) black and white objects in bright light.
C) objects in fine detail in dim light.
D) objects with less detail in dim light.
Q2) Cones are responsible for _________ vision, which refers to our ability to see in _________ light.
A) scotopic; dim
B) scotopic; bright
C) photopic; dim
D) photopic; bright
Q3) Photoreceptors release which of the following neurotransmitters when depolarized?
A) substance P
B) serotonin
C) gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
D) glutamate
Q4) Myles has hyperopia and his sister has myopia. What is occurring with their visual abilities?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Nonvisual Sensation and Perception
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4316
Sample Questions
Q1) Ms. Jones has been diagnosed with otosclerosis. Her doctor told her that her hearing loss was due to
A) immobilization of the stapes.
B) buildup of earwax in the ear canal.
C) infections of the middle ear.
D) damage to the tympanic membrane.
Q2) Hairlike cilia extend from
A) inner hair cells only.
B) outer hair cells only.
C) both inner and outer hair cells.
D) neither inner nor outer hair cells.
Q3) Information from the cochlea travels to the brain along cranial nerve VIII.
A)True
B)False
Q4) As shown in the figure, perilymph is found in the ____________________ canal (#2) and the ____________________ canal (#7), while endolymph is found in the ____________________ (#3).
Q5) Meissner's corpuscles feature small receptive fields and rapid adaptation.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: Movement
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
164 Verified Questions
164 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4317
Sample Questions
Q1) Paraplegia usually results from A) polio.
B) muscular dystrophy.
C) spinal cord damage at the cervical level.
D) spinal cord damage at the lumbar level.
Q2) Muscle fibers contract when Z lines move _________ and the sarcomeres _________.
A) farther apart; stretch
B) farther apart; shorten
C) closer together; stretch
D) closer together; shorten
Q3) Justin is a medical student. Compared with carrying out a simple movement like tapping his foot, performing precise and complicated movements during surgery will require Justin to make greater use of his A) premotor cortex.
B) tectospinal tract.
C) cerebellum.
D) subthalamic nucleus.
Q4) Kevina has been studying this figure for a quiz. She knows that the pathway indicated by #3 is the ______, whereas the pathway indicated by #6 is the _______.
10
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 9: Homeostasis, Motivation, and Reward
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
163 Verified Questions
163 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4318
Sample Questions
Q1) The abnormalities associated with hyponatremia occur when
A) sodium levels are high, but extracellular fluid levels are low.
B) sodium levels are low, but extracellular fluid levels are high.
C) both sodium and extracellular fluid levels are low.
D) both sodium and extracellular fluid levels are high.
Q2) Adrian is at risk for heat stroke because
A) he is wearing heavy clothing and engaging in strenuous activity.
B) his pyrogens were released by disease-causing organisms.
C) his genetic predispositions cause him to sweat too much.
D) he has been drinking large quantities of fluid.
Q3) 0Professor Lablanc tells his class that the ______ assign positive or negative value to situations.
A) OFC and ventromedial prefrontal cortex
B) OFC and amygdala
C) ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ACC
D) ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala
Q4) Under normal circumstances, the only energy source for the brain is glucose.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why does hyponatremia occur, and what are its consequences?
Page 11
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 10: Sexual Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
159 Verified Questions
159 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4319
Sample Questions
Q1) Exposure of female fetuses to androgens will
A) have no effect.
B) masculinize the internal organs.
C) masculinize the external genitalia.
D) masculinize both the internal organs and external genitalia.
Q2) Normal development of female external genitalia
A) requires the release of estrogens by the ovary.
B) requires the release of 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone by the ovary.
C) requires the release of anti-Müllerian hormone by the ovary.
D) will occur in the absence of androgens without further action by the ovaries.
Q3) In cases of AIS, the testes release
A) testosterone but not anti-Müllerian hormone.
B) anti-Müllerian hormone but not testosterone.
C) both anti-Müllerian hormone and testosterone.
D) neither anti-Müllerian hormone nor testosterone.
Q4) Discuss how an erection normally occurs and what happens when a male has erectile dysfunction. What is the typical treatment and how does it work?
Q5) Although Weston is male and, therefore, doesn't have a menstrual cycle, he still needs the hormones LH and FSH. Explain how his body uses these hormones.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Sleep and Waking
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
169 Verified Questions
169 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4320
Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of time during a typical night's sleep is spent in _________ sleep.
A) stage 1 NREM
B) stage 2 NREM
C) stages 3 and 4 NREM
D) REM
Q2) Memory deficits occur after both REM sleep deprivation and NREM sleep deprivation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Professor Dorrough explains to her class that the purpose of the eye movements during REM sleep is
A) to direct the eyes during dreaming.
B) to reduce emotional stress.
C) to maintain sleep in spite of high levels of brain activity.
D) currently unknown.
Q4) The SCN is active during the
A) day for diurnal species and during the night for nocturnal species.
B) day for nocturnal species and during the night for diurnal species.
C) day for both diurnal and nocturnal species.
D) night for both diurnal and nocturnal species.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
168 Verified Questions
168 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4321
Sample Questions
Q1) LTD has been recorded in the structure labeled #____________________ in this illustration, which is a ____________________, when the structures labeled #____________________ and #____________________, known as ____________________ and ____________________, were simultaneously stimulated.
Q2) Jamelis has figured out that his mother will be furious with him if he comes home after dinner time, so he has started making sure never to be that late. Jamelis is demonstrating
A) reflexes.
B) instincts.
C) fixed action patterns.
D) learned behaviors.
Q3) It is _____ memory that contains our knowledge of how to do specific activities involving motor skills.
A) procedural
B) episodic
C) sensory
D) semantic
Q4) Distinguish between declarative and nondeclarative memory.
Q5) Summarize the role of the amygdala in the classical conditioning of fear.
Page 14
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 13: Cognition
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
168 Verified Questions
168 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4322
Sample Questions
Q1) Lateralization and connectivity of the hemispheres of the human brain are believed to be affected by a number of factors. Which factors impact development of lateralization?
Q2) Studies looking at language acquisition have indicated that reading and writing
A) developed later than spoken language, approximately 50,000 years ago. B) were performed by Neanderthals as well as Homo sapiens.
C) developed along with spoken language, probably between 100,000 and 200,000 years ago.
D) developed very recently in human history, in perhaps the last 5,000 to 6,000 years.
Q3) For people who are bilingual or multilingual, the brain area that works as a "language switch" may be in the A) the planum temporale.
B) the caudate nucleus.
C) the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
D) the orbitofrontal cortex.
Q4) During reading, information travels from the structure #3 in this illustration, which is ____________________, to the structure #1, ____________________, by way of the structure #2, ____________________.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 15
Chapter 14: Emotion, Aggression, and Stress
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4323
Sample Questions
Q1) Michael uses illegal steroid supplements to improve his performance in the weight room. His resulting high testosterone levels are likely to A) improve the accuracy of his interpretation of the violent intentions of others. B) damage his orbitofrontal cortex.
C) make him react more aggressively to threatening situations. D) increase the likelihood that he will engage in premeditated violence.
Q2) Describe the strategies people use in emotion regulation.
Q3) The hippocampus _____ the HPA axis by ______ release of CRH.
A) inhibits; stimulating B) inhibits; inhibiting
C) stimulates; stimulating D) stimulates; inhibiting
Q4) Which of the following structures has the greatest direct control over the autonomic nervous system?
A) the thalamus
B) the hippocampus
C) the amygdala
D) the hypothalamus
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: Neuropsychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
151 Verified Questions
151 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4324
Sample Questions
Q1) Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that has a different set of risk factors from other autoimmune diseases. Explain what the risk factors are and the different types of this disease, and briefly discuss why it can be fatal.
Q2) PrPC stands for ____________________, whereas PrPSC stands for ____________________.
Q3) When low oxygen levels result from insufficiency in the blood supply to the brain, the resulting condition is known as A) ischemia.
B) aneurysm.
C) arteriovenous malformation.
D) cavernous malformation.
Q4) Having the E4 variant of the APOE gene increases a boxer's risk for A) stroke.
B) brain tumors.
C) aneurysms.
D) dementia pugilistica.
Q5) In this illustration, abnormal electrical activity travels from its origin, labeled #1 or the ____________________ to the opposite hemisphere by way of the ____________________, which is labeled #2.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: Psychopathology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
166 Verified Questions
166 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4325
Sample Questions
Q1) Some studies suggest moderate aerobic exercise, such as walking or jogging three times per week,
A) has no impact on symptoms of depression.
B) worsens symptoms of depression.
C) produces a moderate reduction in depression but doesn't have an effect when combined with SSRIs.
D) produces a moderate reduction in depression.
Q2) Research into the molecular causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have shown that abnormal ________ might contribute to ASD through their participation in the pruning of synapses during development
A) microglia
B) astrocytes
C) oligodendrocytes
D) mirror neurons
Q3) Summarize the biochemical correlates of schizophrenia.
Q4) Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)
A) is no longer used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD).
B) worsens symptoms of depression.
C) produces profound memory loss.
D) may impact responsiveness to dopamine and norepinephrine.
Page 18
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.