Psychobiology Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Psychobiology is an interdisciplinary field that explores the complex relationship between biological processes and behavior. This course examines how the brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics influence psychological functions such as emotion, cognition, motivation, learning, and perception. Through an investigation of neural mechanisms, brain structures, and physiological responses, students gain insight into topics like stress, mental health, addiction, and neuroplasticity. By integrating perspectives from neuroscience, psychology, and biology, the course provides a comprehensive understanding of how biological factors shape human thought and behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Biological Psychology 2nd Edition by Laura Freberg
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16 Chapters
2931 Verified Questions
2931 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introducing Biological Psychology
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179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Descartes' mind-body dualism is defined as a philosophical view that considers
A) mind to be the product of neural activity.
B) mind and body to be separate entities.
C) reality to exist only when perceived by an observer.
D) the senses as the source of knowledge.
Answer: B
Q2) Both lesions and electrical brain stimulation allow scientists to
A) observe the activity of a particular part of the brain.
B) observe the biochemical environment in a particular area of the brain.
C) observe the functions of particular parts of the brain.
D) identify stimuli that normally activate a particular part of the brain.
Answer: C
Q3) The Egyptian author of the Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus understood that
A) paralysis of the body is the result of nervous system damage.
B) the brain is the source of intelligence.
C) functions can be localized in the brain.
D) the brain is made up of separate cells.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System
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198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some anatomists group the _________ with the basal ganglia.
A) thalamus and the hypothalamus
B) hippocampus and the amygdala
C) reticular formation and the substantia nigra
D) amygdala and the substantia nigra
Answer: D
Q2) Damage to which of the following areas results in problems producing speech?
A) Broca's area
B) Wernicke's area
C) the orbitofrontal cortex
D) the cingulate cortex
Answer: A
Q3) The amygdala participates in emotional behavior,and fear in particular.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Primary auditory cortex is found in the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Cells of the Nervous System
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary function(s)of the neurofilaments is (are)
A) providing structural support for the neuron.
B) anterograde transport,or the transport of organelles to the end of the axon.
C) retrograde transport,or the transport of organelles back to the cell body.
D) both anterograde and retrograde transport.
Answer: A
Q2) Following birth,an organism's dendrites are incapable of further growth or structural change.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) When an axo-axonic synapse results in an increase of neurotransmitter released by a target axon,which of the following processes has occurred?
A) temporal summation
B) spatial summation
C) presynaptic facilitation
D) presynaptic inhibition
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
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191 Verified Questions
191 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The release of vesicles containing neuropeptides requires
A) higher levels of calcium than the release of small-molecule neurotransmitters.
B) lower levels of calcium than the release of small-molecule neurotransmitters.
C) approximately equal levels of calcium as the release of small-molecule neurotransmitters.
D) no calcium at all.
Q2) A chemical that is released from presynaptic axon terminals and fits in receptors on the post-synaptic neuron is acting as a(n)
A) neurotransmitter.
B) neurohormone.
C) neuromodulator.
D) agonist.
Q3) Symptoms of caffeine withdrawal include
A) cardiac arrhythmias.
B) severe headaches.
C) muscle tremors.
D) lack of sleep.
Q4) Which major types of behavior are most directly affected by changes in serotonin activity?
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Chapter 5: Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain
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179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tom's father has hemophilia,but Tom does not have the disease.What are the chances that Tom's children will have hemophilia?
A) Tom's sons will almost certainly have it because Tom will have inherited the recessive gene from this father.
B) Tom's daughters may be carriers,but his sons will not have the gene.
C) All of Tom's children will be carriers,but it will not be expressed until they have children.
D) None of Tom's children will be carriers or have the illness because his X gene came from his mother,who is not a carrier.
Q2) Differentiation of the hindbrain occurs along the
A) rostral-caudal axis due to the activity of Hox genes.
B) ventral-dorsal dimension due to the activity of Hox genes.
C) rostral-caudal axis due to the activity of sonic hedgehog.
D) ventral-dorsal dimension due to the activity of BMP.
Q3) The notochord will eventually develop into the
A) ventricles and central canal.
B) ventral motor system of the spinal cord.
C) the vertebrae surrounding the spinal cord.
D) the dorsal sensory system of the spinal cord.
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Chapter 6: Vision
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187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Photoreceptors
A) are hyperpolarized in the dark and depolarized by light.
B) are depolarized in the dark and hyperpolarized by light.
C) produce action potentials in response to being in the dark.
D) produce action potentials in response to light.
Q2) While viewing the Hermann Grid,we see gray dots at the intersections of the lines that disappear when we look directly at an intersection.Most explanations of this phenomenon argue that it results from
A) fatigue of photoreceptors from looking at the bright lines.
B) the receptive field organization of ganglion cells.
C) color contrast.
D) color constancy.
Q3) A sweater looks blue because it has properties that
A) reflect short wavelengths while absorbing longer wavelengths.
B) reflect long wavelengths while absorbing shorter wavelengths.
C) refract short wavelengths while absorbing longer wavelengths.
D) refract long wavelengths while absorbing shorter wavelengths.
Q4) People with prosopagnosia might also demonstrate the phenomenon of blindsight.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Nonvisual Sensation and Perception
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Axons from nociceptors synapse in the
A) substantia gelatinosa.
B) dorsal column nuclei.
C) thalamus.
D) anterior cingulate gyrus.
Q2) Oliver Sacks' patient with neglect syndrome had which of the following problems?
A) He experienced phantom pain in his paralyzed leg.
B) He often crashed into things,because he couldn't feel anything on one side of his body.
C) He could not recognize Dr.Sacks when he visited.
D) He could not recognize his own leg.
Q3) Which of the following is not one of the ossicles?
A) the malleus
B) the incus
C) the stapedius
D) the stapes
Q4) The semicircular canals contain the same type of fluid found in the cochlear duct of the cochlea.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Movement
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182 Verified Questions
182 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person with damage to the right hemisphere motor cortex will experience weakness or paralysis
A) on the left side of the body.
B) on the right side of the body.
C) on both the right and left sides of the body.
D) in the torso and arms but not the legs.
Q2) The cell bodies of alpha motor neurons are located _________ and each one enervates _________.
A) on the muscle;either fast or slow twitch fibers,but not both
B) in the brain;both fast and slow twitch fibers
C) in the spinal cord;both fast and slow twitch fibers
D) in the spinal cord;either fast or slow twitch fibers,but not both
Q3) Which of the following processes usually results in muscle fatigue?
A) Using muscles increases the breakdown of acetylcholinesterase.
B) Muscle fiber sodium channels become "leaky" during prolonged use.
C) Internal organelles responsible for picking up calcium develop "leaky channels" as muscles are used.
D) Actin and myosin molecules break due to overuse.
Q4) Describe the movement of muscles as we bend an arm at the elbow.
Q5) What is a mirror neuron?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) MC4 receptors in the lateral hypothalamus are
A) activated by AgRP,leading to satiety.
B) activated by AgRP,leading to feeding behavior.
C) blocked by AgRP,leading to satiety.
D) blocked by AgRP,leading to feeding behavior.
Q2) Monica had a serious case of the flu,with lots of vomiting and diarrhea.When she called the Health Center for advice,a nurse told her to
A) drink as much plain water as possible.
B) drink sports drinks containing sodium instead of plain water.
C) avoid drinking anything until the vomiting and diarrhea stopped completely.
D) drink clear sugary soda pop instead of plain water.
Q3) Risk for hyperthermia is increased when a
A) person has an existing problem with his or her immune system.
B) woman is approaching menopause.
C) person has a low thyroid condition.
D) person is using antibiotics.
Q4) Both men and women are considered obese when their fat levels exceed 25 percent.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why does hyponatremia occur,and what are its consequences?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Sexual Behavior
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177 Verified Questions
177 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Emily is a single,19-year-old mother who just couldn't manage to stop smoking during her pregnancy.Consequently,Emily runs a higher risk than many other women for
A) becoming pregnant again right away.
B) premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
C) post-partum depression.
D) premenstrual syndrome.
Q2) Compared with modern women,it is likely that women living 100 or more years ago had
A) more frequent menstrual cycles.
B) fewer lifetime menstrual cycles.
C) more lifetime menstrual cycles.
D) about the same number of lifetime menstrual cycles,but they were less severe.
Q3) Normal development of female external genitalia
A) requires the release of estrogens by the ovary.
B) requires the release of 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone by the ovary.
C) requires the release of anti-Müllerian hormone by the ovary.
D) will occur in the absence of androgens without further action by the ovary.
Q4) What are the physical and cognitive effects of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)on females?
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Chapter 11: Sleep and Waking
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the relationship between sex hormones and quality of sleep?
Q2) REM sleep can first be recorded in humans
A) prior to birth.
B) about 2 weeks after birth.
C) about 6 weeks after birth.
D) at about 1 year of age.
Q3) Melatonin is secreted by the A) superior colliculi.
B) suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).
C) the pituitary gland.
D) the pineal gland.
Q4) Each eye movement during REM sleep is associated with A) a PGO spike.
B) a spike from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex.
C) a spike from the cerebral cortex to the thalamus.
D) visual imagery of a static scene,as in stepping off a curb.
Q5) What evidence points to a role for orexins (hypocretins)in narcolepsy?
Q6) Dreaming occurs only during REM sleep,but not during NREM sleep.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
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179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Following surgery on both temporal lobes,patient H.M.demonstrated A) no memory deficits.
B) deficits in implicit,but not explicit memories.
C) deficits in explicit,but not implicit memories.
D) profound deficits in both implicit and explicit memories.
Q2) Damage to the dorsomedial thalamus of patient N.A.resulted in
A) profound anterograde amnesia and mild retrograde amnesia.
B) profound retrograde amnesia and mild anterograde amnesia.
C) intact explicit memories,but deficits in the formation of implicit memories.
D) equal deficits in the formation of both explicit and implicit memories.
Q3) Source amnesia is associated with damage to the A) parietal lobes.
B) prefrontal cortex.
C) medial temporal lobes.
D) fornix.
Q4) Which of the following is an example of a semantic memory?
A) the name of the first president of the United States
B) what happened at your best childhood birthday party ever
C) how to ride a bike
D) where you were when you heard about the Twin Towers being attacked
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Lateralization, language, and Intelligence
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182 Verified Questions
182 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among bilinguals and multilinguals who have experienced brain damage,languages are most likely to be retained when they are learned
A) later in life with less fluency.
B) later in life with greater fluency.
C) early in life with less fluency.
D) early in life with greater fluency.
Q2) Left-handed people
A) nearly always lateralize language to the right hemisphere.
B) are less likely to lateralize language to the right hemisphere.
C) are less likely to use both hemispheres equally for language than right-handed people.
D) are more likely to use both hemispheres equally for language than right-handed people.
Q3) Stuttering is accompanied by abnormal activity in
A) the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
B) Broca's area.
C) the basal ganglia.
D) Wernicke's area.
Q4) Summarize the language model proposed by Dronkers,Pinker,and Damasio.
Q5) Describe the major features of dyslexia.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Depression or even death may result from Selye's stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)that he called,
A) "fight or flight."
B) the alarm reaction.
C) resistance.
D) exhaustion.
Q2) Hans Selye called the final stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) A) "fight or flight."
B) the alarm reaction.
C) resistance.
D) exhaustion.
Q3) The socially inappropriate behavior seen in individuals with autism may be correlated with abnormalities in the A) orbitofrontal cortex.
B) septal area.
C) hippocampus.
D) amygdala.
Q4) Describe the response of the HPA axis to a frightening stimulus.
Q5) Summarize the major components of an emotion.
Q6) Summarize the evidence for a genetic contribution to aggression.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Neurological Disorders
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The site of a blow to the head in a closed head injury is known as the A) thrombosis.
B) hematoma.
C) coup.
D) countercoup.
Q2) Auras typically occur before
A) all partial seizures,but not before a generalized seizure.
B) some partial seizures,but not before a generalized seizure.
C) all general seizures,but not before partial seizures.
D) some general seizures,but not before partial seizures.
Q3) What are some of the risk factors associated with the development of multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Q4) The herpes simplex virus responsible for cold sores and genital herpes can produce a type of secondary encephalitis.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
Q6) How does a health care provider assess the severity of a coma?
Q7) How would you advise an NFL quarterback who has experienced several concussions during the current season?
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Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders
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198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Scientists who do not have attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder do not experience increases in concentration and focus while using methylphenidate (Ritalin).
A)True
B)False
Q2) You are responsible for treating a patient who has just taken a large amount of phencyclidine (PCP).Which of the following might help your patient?
A) a drug that acts as a dopamine agonist.
B) a drug that acts as a dopamine antagonist.
C) a drug that acts as a glutamate antagonist.
D) MDMA (ecstasy)to promote increased serotonin activity.
Q3) What is the effect of autism on brain development?
Q4) The concordance rate in identical twins for autism is at least _________ percent.
A) 10
B) 40
C) 65
D) 90
Q5) What are minicolumns and why might they be significant in cases of autism?
Q6) Summarize the biochemical correlates of schizophrenia.
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