Psychobiology Review Questions
Course Introduction
Psychobiology explores the intricate relationships between biological processes and psychological phenomena, focusing on how the brain and nervous system influence behavior, cognition, emotions, and mental health. This course covers fundamental topics including the structure and function of the nervous system, neuronal communication, hormonal regulation, and the biological bases of sensation, perception, learning, memory, motivation, and psychopathology. Through an integration of neuroscience and psychology, students will gain an understanding of how genetics, brain chemistry, and environmental factors shape both normal and abnormal behaviors.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Behavioral Neuroscience An Introduction to Biological Psychology 4th Edition by Laura
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16 Chapters
2642 Verified Questions
2642 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4310
Sample Questions
Q1) PET scans were made possible by the development of A) the gamma camera.
B) x-rays.
C) powerful magnets.
D) histology techniques.
Answer: A
Q2) Phrenologist like Gall believed that the shape of bumps on the skull indicated differences in the function of the brain under that skull. While this has been discredited, there is evidence the impact to the skull and the resulting trauma of a concussion produces changes that are measurable. Explain whether this vindicates phrenology as a means to study brain dysfunction.
Answer: Answers will address that Gall claimed the shape of the skull indicated brain functions, but impacts to the skull were not the basis for his work. Rather, an impact to the skull that produces a concussion is producing trauma in the soft tissue of the brain, not altering the bony skull. Phrenology was about hard shapes indicating function, trauma is about soft tissue being damaged and resulting in modifying function.
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3
Chapter 2: Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System
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202 Verified Questions
202 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________ spinal nerves in adult humans0 are myelinated.
A) All
B) None of the
C) All efferent
D) All afferent
Answer: C
Q2) At the very back of the cerebral cortex are the _________ lobes.
A) frontal
B) parietal
C) temporal
D) occipital
Answer: D
Q3) A person who experiences damage to the motor cortex from a stroke in the right hemisphere is likely to
A) not be able to walk at all because he will be paralyzed from the waist down.
B) have some paralysis in the left side of his body.
C) not be able to understand anything you say to him.
D) have some paralysis on the right side of his body.
Answer: B
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Neurophysiology: The Structure and Functions of the
Cells of the Nervous System
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163 Verified Questions
163 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Action potentials and excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) are similar in that both
A) are always all-or-none.
B) last about the same amount of time.
C) involve voltage-dependent ion channels.
D) involve the movement of sodium into cells.
Answer: D
Q2) What characteristic of EPSPs and IPSPs makes temporal summation possible?
A) They last a longer time than action potentials.
B) They are larger than action potentials.
C) They produce more movement of sodium than action potentials.
D) They do not have absolute refractory periods.
Answer: A
Q3) After synaptic vesicles release their contents into the synaptic gap, the vesicle membranes
A) are broken down by special enzymes.
B) are pinched off the axon terminal membrane and formed into new vesicles.
C) diffuse away from the synaptic gap in the extracellular fluid.
D) are digested by microglia.
Answer: B
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
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180 Verified Questions
180 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared with civilians suffering from addiction, returning vets from Vietnam who had used heroin while overseas had
A) less success in recovering from addiction, because they used more potent forms of the drug.
B) less success in recovering from addiction, due to the complications of PTSD.
C) about the same rate of success in recovering from addiction.
D) much more success in recovering from addiction.
Q2) Emily's physician prescribed a benzodiazepine (Valium) to treat an ongoing problem with anxiety. Before prescribing the new medication, the physician was concerned about possible drug interactions, and asked Emily to be very frank about her use of A) alcohol and barbiturates.
B) tobacco and St. John's wort.
C) methamphetamines.
D) marijuana and ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)).
Q3) ACh released into the synaptic gap is deactivated primarily by A) diffusion away from the synapse.
B) absorption by astrocytes.
C) reuptake.
D) enzymes.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain
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147 Verified Questions
147 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Imprinted genes do not follow the rules of ______, as only one allele is expressed.
A) crossing over
B) nondisjunction
C) heredity
D) dominance
Q2) Critical periods may end as a response to
A) the presence or absence of neurotrophins.
B) the presence of caspases.
C) anterograde degeneration.
D) an absence of cell adhesion molecules.
Q3) Hox genes appear to be influential in developing the A) entire brain.
B) spinal cord and hindbrain but not the midbrain or forebrain.
C) hindbrain and midbrain but not the forebrain.
D) spinal cord but not the brain.
Q4) Critical periods occur in many animals, such as the imprinting observed in geese, but has not yet been observed in humans.
A)True
B)False
7
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Chapter 6: Vision
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171 Verified Questions
171 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Heidy is studying for a quiz and writes in her notes that amacrine cells help process A) color.
B) movement. C) edges.
D) shapes.
Q2) Professor Crass tells her students that each human eye contains around _____ million rods.
A) 3
B) 50
C) 100
D) 150
Q3) In this image, #6 and #7 together are known as _____. They send information to _________ (#4), which, in turn, sends information to ___________ (#2).
Q4) Carmella is an artist and calls her most recent work "short wavelength" because she used mostly red colors.
A)True
B)False
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8
Chapter 7: Nonvisual Sensation and Perception
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your roommate seems to feel much more pain than you do when the two of you are working out together. Which of the following may be an explanation for this phenomenon?
A) Your roommate may be stimulating more pain receptors than you are.
B) Your roommate may have fewer endogenous opioid receptors than you do.
C) Your roommate may have more nociceptors than you do.
D) Your roommate is working out way harder than you are.
Q2) Vestibular information is most highly integrated with which other sensory processing system in humans?
A) touch
B) olfaction
C) vision
D) pain
Q3) The organ of Corti rests on the
A) tectorial membrane.
B) Reissner's membrane.
C) basilar membrane.
D) tensor tympani.
Q4) In the thalamus, pain information is sent to both the ____________________ nucleus (#5) and the ____________________ nuclei (#6).
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Movement
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164 Verified Questions
164 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recruitment proceeds in a way that ensures that the
A) least amount of energy and force possible will be used to do a job.
B) greatest amount of energy and force possible will be used to do a job.
C) fastest fibers will be recruited first to produce optimum reaction time.
D) fibers with the greatest oxygen requirements will be used only when absolutely necessary for survival.
Q2) What is the function of striated muscles?
A) control blood pressure and move the eyes and lung
B) move nutrients through the digestive tract and move bones
C) control the heart and skeletal muscles
D) control blood pressure and move the heart
Q3) Genetics may predispose people to develop _________ Parkinson's disease.
A) early onset but not late-onset
B) late-onset but not early onset
C) both early onset and late-onset
D) neither early onset nor late-onset
Q4) Given what you know, would you rather be diagnosed with myasthenia gravis or polio? Back up your choice with evidence about the symptoms and potential treatments for each disorder.
Q5) Describe the basal ganglia and the role it plays in initiating movement.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Homeostasis, Motivation, and Reward
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163 Verified Questions
163 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the summer heat, Bennett stays cool by
A) perspiring and dilating his blood vessels.
B) perspiring and constricting his blood vessels.
C) increasing his thyroid activity and reducing his brown fat cell numbers.
D) stimulating his brown fat activity and increasing his white fat cell numbers.
Q2) The process of activating and directing behavior designed toward a specific goal is known as
A) motivation.
B) homeostasis.
C) drive.
D) tension.
Q3) Aldosterone is released by the A) kidneys.
B) anterior pituitary gland.
C) posterior pituitary gland.
D) adrenal glands.
Q4) Individuals with diabetes mellitus experience extreme thirst as a result of their experiencing hypovolemia.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Sexual Behavior
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159 Verified Questions
159 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) David entered puberty around age 12. His doctors were concerned because this was very early compared to most children.
A)True
B)False
Q2) "Friends with benefits" situations, in which men and women have sex without expectations for an emotional bond,
A) are likely to produce equal senses of reward for both men and women.
B) might cause more problems for men than women, because of testosterone's effects on human bonding.
C) might cause more problems for women than men, because of oxytocin's effects on human bonding.
D) are likely to cause equal distress for men and women.
Q3) The Colwells are having a baby boy. As their baby develops, the _____ system will develop into the baby's _____.
A) Wolffian; seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and the prostate
B) Wolffian; uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper portion of the vagina
C) Müllerian; seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and the prostate
D) Müllerian; uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper portion of the vagina
Q4) Discuss how the internal sexual organs develop differently from the gonads.
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Chapter 11: Sleep and Waking
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169 Verified Questions
169 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your grandmother has recently been complaining about not sleeping well and not feeling rested. Given what you learned in this chapter on sleep and waking, what would be the BEST advice you could give her (other than to see her doctor for a checkup, of course)?
A) Make sure she eats an evening meal low in carbohydrates to minimize production of serotonin.
B) Put the television in her bedroom and tell her to fall asleep watching the evening news.
C) Keep mentally active doing things in which she is interested.
D) The first thing she should do is get sleeping pills from her doctor and take them every night.
Q2) Lucid dreaming
A) occurs when you can consciously control your dream.
B) occurs when you cannot control a nightmare.
C) occurs only during NREM sleep.
D) is characteristic of people with clinical depression.
Q3) The default mode network consists of the locus coeruleus and the anterior raphe nuclei.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
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168 Verified Questions
168 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you temporarily inactivate the red nucleus, this will prevent
A) conditioned responding but not learning.
B) both conditioned responding and learning.
C) neither conditioned responding nor learning.
D) learning but not conditioned responding.
Q2) In response to stressful events, the amygdala
A) remains silent.
B) experiences long-term excitation.
C) experiences long-term inhibition
D) experiences enhanced activity followed by a refractory period.
Q3) In studies of LTP in hippocampal tissue, a rapid series of shocks
A) increases postsynaptic potentials for hours.
B) increases postsynaptic potentials for up to 10 minutes after stimulation.
C) has progressively larger postsynaptic potentials during the series.
D) decreases the postsynaptic potentials.
Q4) Summarize the role of the amygdala in the classical conditioning of fear.
Q5) The brain changes as we age. Explain the changes in brain activity involved in processing memories that occur with an aged brain.
Q6) What is the process by which classical conditioning occurs in Aplysia?
Q7) Distinguish between declarative and nondeclarative memory.
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Chapter 13: Cognition
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168 Verified Questions
168 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) to The term anomia means
A) poor comprehension.
B) poor production of speech.
C) difficulty reading and writing.
D) difficulty finding the correct word to express an idea.
Q2) An area of the brain that appears to be structurally different in musicians with perfect pitch is
A) the planum temporale.
B) the prefrontal cortex.
C) the primary auditory cortex.
D) the corpus callosum.
Q3) The brains of musicians with perfect pitch
A) differed from nonmusicians but not from musicians lacking perfect pitch.
B) differed from musicians lacking perfect pitch but not nonmusicians.
C) were the same as nonmusicians and musicians lacking perfect pitch.
D) differed from both nonmusicians and musicians lacking perfect pitch.
Q4) While apes display an ability to learn language, they use it differently from humans. Which human language features are unique to humans and not used the same in apes?
Q5) What are the major features of Wernicke's aphasia?
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Chapter 14: Emotion, Aggression, and Stress
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4323
Sample Questions
Q1) You were walking across campus when you noticed a man and a woman standing with their heads very close together. You realized it was your ex-boyfriend and your best friend. It took you a minute to react to this-to recognize who it was and then to appraise the situation and recognize the emotion you felt. This supports the _________ theory.
A) Cannon-Bard
B) James-Lange
C) Schachter-Singer
D) general adaptation
Q2) For Hans Selye, the "fight or flight" response is synonymous with A) an alarm reaction.
B) resistance.
C) exhaustion
D) the GAS.
Q3) According to Joseph LeDoux, quick assessments of an emotional stimulus, like a snake in your path, are managed by circuits connecting the hippocampus and the ACC.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the strategies people use in emotion regulation.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Neuropsychology
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151 Verified Questions
151 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An open head injury is another name for a concussion.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Major causes of open head injuries in the United States include
A) boxing and playing football.
B) gunshot wounds and skull fractures.
C) playing soccer.
D) aneurysms.
Q3) Among the symptoms of a TSE in humans is (are)
A) convulsions.
B) paranoia.
C) inflammation of the meninges.
D) a stiff neck and aversion to lights.
Q4) Auras typically occur before
A) all partial seizures but not before a generalized seizure.
B) some partial seizures but not before a generalized seizure.
C) all general seizures but not before partial seizures.
D) some general seizures but not before partial seizures.
Q5) How would you advise a National Football League (NFL) quarterback who has experienced several concussions during the current season?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Psychopathology
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166 Verified Questions
166 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Professor Windell is lecturing her class about psychopathology. She reports that using medication for treating ASD symptoms
A) has been more effective than behavioral treatments.
B) is effective with high-functioning children but has little effect on low-functioning children.
C) has not yet been evaluated scientifically due to ethical concerns. D) has been ineffective.
Q2) Neurotransmitters associated with anxiety disorders are A) dopamine and GABA.
B) dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.
C) serotonin, norepinephrine, and glutamate.
D) serotonin, norepinephrine, and GABA.
Q3) Dr. Hugh is conducting research into the genetics of bipolar disorder. So far, he has found that many of the genes that might cause it also seem to be responsible for A) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
B) schizophrenia.
C) obsessive compulsive disorder.
D) ASPD.
Q4) Discuss the correlations between brain activity and antisocial behavior.
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