Psychobiology Review Questions
Course Introduction
Psychobiology explores the dynamic relationship between biological processes and psychological phenomena, examining how the brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics influence behavior, cognition, emotion, and mental health. The course integrates foundational concepts from neuroscience, biology, and psychology to help students understand mechanisms underlying sensory perception, learning, memory, motivation, and abnormal behaviors. Emphasis is given to experimental approaches, major research discoveries, and the clinical implications of linking biological systems to psychological experience and behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Foundations of Behavioral Neuroscience 9th Edition by Neil R. Carlson
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16 Chapters
1924 Verified Questions
1924 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Surgical transection of the corpus callosum is intended to
A) reduce swelling of the brain in hydroencephalus.
B) alter long-term memory of traumatic events.
C) promote the development of the frontal lobes.
D) reduce the severity of epileptic seizures.
E) prevent the development of Parkinson's disease.
Answer: D
Q2) A larger brain allowed primates to develop which of the following capacities and abilities?
A) the ability to huddle in the forest to keep warm.
B) use of smell to identify food
C) use of language to signal information to other members of the group
D) the ability to locomote within the forest
E) the capacity to chew and swallow food
Answer: C
Q3) Nicholl and Russell's research indicates that animal rights activists are most concerned with the use of animals as research subjects.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of synapses?
A) Action potentials open chloride channels to release neurotransmitters.
B) Presynaptic voltage changes past threshold triggers the release of neurotransmitters.
C) The interior of the nerve cell becomes more negative during the action potential.
D) The exterior of the nerve cell becomes more positive during the action potential.
E) Glia are shown to slow down the release of transmitter substances from the axon.
Answer: B
Q2) Transmitter substances are secreted from the terminal buttons of a neuron.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The blood-brain barrier is formed by astrocytes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Structure of the Nervous System
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Visual impairment is the primary effect of damage to the cerebellum.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following most accurately describes the general functions performed by the left and right hemispheres?
A) The left hemisphere is adept at the serial analysis of information.
B) The right hemisphere is adept at the serial analysis of information.
C) The right hemisphere is adept at the analysis of information.
D) The left hemisphere is adept in the synthesis of information.
E) The two hemispheres perform identical functions.
Answer: A
Q3) ________ fibers "bear away from the brain."
A) Afferent
B) Efferent
C) Projection
D) Somatic
E) Apolar
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following neuron systems that use ACh has been related to the control of REM sleep?
A) dorsolateral pons ACh system
B) hypothalamocortical ACh system
C) basal forebrain ACh system
D) medial septal ACh system
E) nigrostriatal Ach system
Q2) Describe the major functions of glutamate in neurotransmission.
Q3) Which of the following is true of the relation between drug affinity and drug effects?
A) A drug with high affinity for a receptor will exert an effect only at a very high dose.
B) Drug affinity does not relate to drug activity.
C) A drug with high affinity for a receptor will exert an effect at a low dose.
D) A drug with a low affinity for a receptor will exert an effect only at a very low dose.
E) A drug that has a potent behavioral effect will have a low affinity for its receptor.
Q4) Compare and contrast drug tolerance with drug sensitization.
Q5) Explain what is meant by a placebo effect.
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Chapter 5: Methods and Strategies of Research
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Autoradiography and 2-DG injections are used to measure the relative metabolic activity of different brain regions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Fraternal twins have identical genotypes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain how and why the brain is preserved during the histology process.
Q4) Explain the distinction between "function" and "behavior."
Q5) The ________ is a device that holds an animal's head fixed in space and that can be used to implant an electrode or cannula into brain.
A) cryoloop
B) electroencephalogram
C) stereotaxic apparatus
D) macroelectrode assembly
E) ocular apparatus
Q6) Give an overview of stereotaxic surgery for the purpose of implanting a cannula into the brain.
Q7) Explain how neuroscientists trace the efferent connections of a brain region.
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Chapter 6: Vision
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cells located within the cytochrome oxidase blobs of striate cortex play a key role in
A) color vision.
B) pattern discrimination.
C) line orientation.
D) analyzing retinal disparity.
E) producing depth perception.
Q2) A unique feature of the retinal circuitry is that
A) rods send signals through cones which then activate the ganglion cells.
B) light must pass through the circuitry in order to stimulate the photoreceptors.
C) the rods are packed together at the center of the retina.
D) there are more cones than rods in the retina.
E) photoreceptors do not influence the activity of surrounding nerve cells.
Q3) Rods are to cones as
A) color vision is to night vision.
B) acuity in the dark is to acuity in the day.
C) excellent acuity is to poor acuity.
D) fovea is to periphery.
E) brightness is to purity.
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8
Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical
Senses
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sudden angular rotation of the head through a plane is sensed by ________ within
A) hair cells; a semicircular canal
B) hair cells; the cochlea
C) dendrites; the saccule
D) dendrites; the utricle
E) hair cells; the utricle
Q2) The _____ receptor mediates pain induced by burning of the skin.
A) TRPM8
B) TRPV1
C) TRPA1
D) TRPV4
E) TRPV3
Q3) Damage to ________ receptors would be expected to impair ________.
A) TRPV1; the sensation of cold
B) TRPM8; the sensation of cool produced by menthol
C) TRPV1; pain associated with mechanical stimulation
D) TRPV4; pain produced by ischemia
E) TRPV2; the pain induced by chili peppers
Q4) Describe the physical and psychological properties of sound.
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Chapter 8: Sleep and Biological Rhythms
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Symptoms of narcolepsy involving REM sleep (such as cataplexy)are effectively treated by drugs that
A) block serotonin receptors.
B) impair the release of hypocretins in the brain.
C) act as catecholamine antagonists.
D) are commonly used to treat depression.
E) promote GABA activity.
Q2) Prolonged sleep deprivation results in
A) impaired mental concentration.
B) difficulty in physical exercise..
C) some perceptual illusions.
D) tactile hallucinations.
E) improved mental concentration.
Q3) Infusion of the transmitter substance ______ induces wakefulness.
A) histamine
B) glycine
C) Gaba
D) reserpine
E) nitrous oxinde
Q4) Describe the laboratory methods used to study sleep.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Reproductive Behavior
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain why it is thought that pheromones play an important role in modulating the rodent estrous cycle.
Q2) Which of the following is considered to be a sexual organ?
A) ovaries and testes
B) brain
C) hair
D) chromosomes
E) Sry gene
Q3) The major principle illustrated by Turner's syndrome is that
A) different hormones are required to develop or to suppress the development of the male reproductive organs.
B) female secondary sexual characteristics appear without the ovaries.
C) ovaries are necessary for development of the Müllerian system.
D) ovaries are NOT necessary for development of the Müllerian system.
E) male fetuses produce Müllerian-inhibiting substance.
Q4) Parturition refers to the delivery of offspring.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the behaviors that comprise maternal behavior.
Q6) Differentiate between primary and secondary sex characteristics.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Emotion
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Damage to the medial prefrontal cortex facilitates the extinction of a conditioned emotional response.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Damage to the ________ would be expected to disrupt the integration of fear.
A) thalamus
B) medial hypothalamus
C) orbitofrontal cortex
D) amygdala
E) reticular activating system
Q3) Damage to the _______ would produce difficulty in recognizing facial emotion in another person.
A) brain stem
B) right amygdala
C) Alzheimer's disease
D) dopamine system
E) left amygdala
Q4) Describe evidence supporting the involvement of the amygdala in emotional behavior.
Q5) Explain the significance of a conditioned emotional response (CER).
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Ingestive Behavior
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A key factor for the success of the RYGB procedure for the treatment of obesity is that
A) the procedure increases the rate of entry of insulin into the brain.
B) it disrupts the secretion of CCK.
C) it increases the activity of NPY neurons.
D) it disrupts the secretion of ghrelin.
E) it decreases the secretion of leptin from fat cells.
Q2) Interstitial fluid is normally hypertonic with respect to the intracellular fluid.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is true of the ob mouse?
A) The ob mouse develops obesity at weaning.
B) The ob mouse has a fast metabolism.
C) Fat cells in the ob mouse fail to produce leptin.
D) The obesity of the ob mouse can be reversed by daily injections of insulin..
E) The ob mouse fails to secrete ghrelin
Q4) A system variable is a variable that is controlled by a regulatory mechanism.
A)True
B)False
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of stimulus-response learning task?
A) tracing a figure viewed via a mirror
B) recognizing broken drawings
C) recalling childhood events that occurred prior to age 9
D) recognizing songs learned in childhood prior to brain damage
E) making a classically conditioned eyeblink response
Q2) In a typical long-term potentiation (LTP)study,a stimulating electrode is inserted into the perforant path,while a recording electrode is inserted into the dentate gyrus.LTP is produced in this preparation by delivering ________ via the stimulating electrode.
A) a long duration but low-intensity pulse
B) a single low-intensity electrical pulse
C) an electrical pulse every minute for 2-3 hours
D) a single high intensity electrical pulse
E) a burst of 100 electrical pulses in a few seconds
Q3) Patient H.M.shows deficits in motor learning,perceptual learning,and stimulus-response learning.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the role of the NMDA receptor in LTP.
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Chapter 13: Human Communication
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The right hemisphere is specialized for the recognition of emotion in the tone of voice.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Compare the difficulties in writing that appear in persons with phonological dysgraphia versus orthographic dysgraphia.
Q3) A person who suffers from pure alexia also suffers from visual agnosia.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Individuals with phonological dyslexia have difficulty
A) reading for comprehension.
B) in silent reading.
C) reading unfamiliar words.
D) reading aloud.
E) in whole word reading, but can sound out familiar words.
Q5) Define transcortical sensory aphasia and explain how this syndrome differs from that of Wernicke's aphasia.
Q6) Describe the changes in speech production that accompany Broca's aphasia.
Q7) Compare and contrast the symptoms noted in Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia.
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Chapter 14: Neurological Disorders
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the risk factors for stroke.
Q2) People with Down syndrome
A) have brains that are approximately 10 percent lighter than those of normal people.
B) suffer from augmented activity of the frontal lobe.
C) often fail to learn to talk.
D) have no distinguishing physical characteristics.
E) hace an extra Y chromosome
Q3) Explain the differences between partial and generalized seizures.
Q4) The initial phase of a grand mal seizure is termed the ________ and is denoted by ________.
A) clonic phase; relaxation of all muscles
B) tonic phase; rhythmic jerking movements of the body
C) aural phase; perception of music
D) tonic phase; forceful contraction of all muscles
E) aural phase; release of glycine within the spinal cord
Q5) The standard treatment for Parkinson's disease is transplantation of fetal dopamine cells into caudate.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Schizophrenia, Affective Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of schizophrenia cases will develop the disorder between the ages of A) 12-14.
B) 20-24.
C) 30-34.
D) 40-44.
E) 55-59.
Q2) The effect of total sleep deprivation on depression
A) suggests that sleep causes the destruction of an endogenous substance that promotes depression.
B) develops slowly.
C) is sufficiently large to justify this as an effective way to treat depression.
D) is relatively long lasting.
E) is lost after a night of sleep.
Q3) A mutation of the DISC-1 gene may result in schizophrenia.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain why it is thought that unipolar depression and bipolar disorder are distinct syndromes.
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Chapter 16: Autistic, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Stress, and Substance Abuse Disorders
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Studies indicate that cocaine craving is associated with A) increased activation of the parietal cortex.
B) activation of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex.
C) increased blood flow in the anterior cingulate cortex.
D) decreased activation of the orbitofrontal cortex.
E) decreased dopamine production in the nucleus accumbens.
Q2) A drug such as methylphenidate that blocks the dopamine transporter would be expected to
A) reduce the likelihood of activation of other neurons.
B) impair dopamine neurotransmission.
C) increase synaptic levels of dopamine.
D) decrease synaptic levels of dopamine.
E) aggravate the behavioral symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Q3) At low doses,alcohol reduces anxiety.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the symptoms that comprise autism and assess the potential for treatment.
Q5) Explain how negative reinforcement may play a role in drug abuse.
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