Psychobiology Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Psychobiology is an interdisciplinary course that explores the complex interactions between biological processes and psychological phenomena. Students will examine how the brain and nervous system influence behaviors, emotions, cognition, and mental health. Topics include the structure and function of the nervous system, neurochemical communication, sensory and motor systems, the biological basis of learning and memory, and the physiological mechanisms underlying motivation, emotion, and psychological disorders. Through lectures, case studies, and laboratory work, students will gain a comprehensive understanding of how biological factors shape human behavior and mental processes.
Recommended Textbook
Foundations of Behavioral Neuroscience 9th Edition by Neil R. Carlson
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16 Chapters
1924 Verified Questions
1924 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Transection of the ________ may be useful for reducing the symptoms of
A) corpus callosum; epilepsy
B) fornix; obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) stria terminalis; anterograde amnesia
D) fornix; depression
E) corpus callosum; anxiety
Answer: A
Q2) ________ is a type of explanation used by scientists.
A) Generalization
B) Induction
C) Rationalization
D) Syllogism
E) Simplification.
Answer: A
Q3) Compare and contrast the philosophical positions of animism,that of Descartes and the modern view held by most physiological psychologists.
Answer: Animism is the view that objects have spirits which move them.Descartes argued that the mind and brain are separate but interacting.Most physiological psychologists argue that mind is a property of the brain.
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Chapter 2: Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Movement of the axon membrane potential from -70 mV to -90 mV would be termed a(n)
A) action potential.
B) threshold potential.
C) depolarization.
D) hyperpolarization.
E) excitatory local potential.
Answer: D
Q2) Match the correct PSP effect with each ion channel action.
A) entry of a negative ion; hyperpolarization
B) entry of a positive ion; hyperpolarization
C) exit of a positive ion; depolarization
D) exit of a negative ion; hyperpolarization
E) B and D are correct.
Answer: A
Q3) The blood-brain barrier is formed by astrocytes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Structure of the Nervous System
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the general functions attributed to the hypothalamus.
Answer: The hypothalamus is involved in the control of the pituitary,the sympathetic division of the ANS,and motivated behaviors including feeding,fighting,fleeing,and mating.
Q2) Radial glia guide developing neurons to their final termination point within the brain.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Damage to the ________ would most likely be fatal.
A) hypothalamus
B) cerebellum
C) reticular formation
D) medulla oblongata
E) basal ganglia
Answer: D
Q4) Visual impairment is the primary effect of damage to the cerebellum.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The rate at which a drug reaches active sites in the brain is determined mostly by its degree of
A) water solubility.
B) lipid solubility.
C) drug metabolism via the liver.
D) depot binding in blood, bone, and fat.
E) drug metabolism in the kidneys.
Q2) ________ causes pupil dilation by blocking ________ receptors.
A) Cocaine; dopaminergic
B) Atropine; muscarinic
C) Curare; muscarinic
D) Belladona; adrenergic
E) Muscarine; nicotinic
Q3) Explain why blockade of serotonin reuptake is a common drug strategy for the treatment of certain mental disorders.
Q4) What is the advantage of reuptake over enzymatic degradation in the termination of neurotransmitter postsynaptic effects?
Q5) Compare and contrast drug tolerance with drug sensitization.
Q6) Explain how nitric oxide exerts an effect on adjacent neurons in the body.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Methods and Strategies of Research
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Imagine that feeding behavior was eliminated when a radio-frequency lesion was used to damage the lateral hypothalamus of a rat,which suggested that cells within this region initiate feeding.If a subsequent study failed to observe a change in feeding after injection of kainic acid into the lateral hypothalamus,what conclusion would be appropriate?
A) The lateral hypothalamus functions to inhibit eating.
B) The changes in eating noted in the first study may be due to damage to axon fibers that are passing through the lateral hypothalamus.
C) The changes in eating are due to damage to cell bodies within the lateral hypothalamus, and these act to initiate eating.
D) Glial cells within the lateral hypothalamus are key for the control of eating.
E) Cannot draw a conclusion based on this study.
Q2) The fine details of neuron structure in a brain section can be revealed by
A) bathing the section in mounting medium.
B) immersing the tissue in a stain that dyes neuron components.
C) immersion in xylene.
D) fixation in albumin.
E) visual examination of the raw brain section under a microscope.
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Chapter 6: Vision
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The physical stimulus for human vision is
A) infrared radiation with a wavelength between 760 and 790 nanometers.
B) all wavelengths of light.
C) ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength of 180-350 nanometers.
D) electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 380 and 760 nanometers.
E) electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 100 and 400 meters.
Q2) A disease that attacks the photoreceptors of the fovea would be expected to A) impair night vision.
B) disrupt color vision.
C) impair eye movements.
D) impair vision for detection of movement.
E) produce blurry images.
Q3) The neurons from the parvocellular and magnocellular layers of the primate lateral geniculate send their information to layer(s)______ of the striate cortex.
A) 1
B) 2A
C) 3B
D) 4C
E) 5-6
Q4) Explain the notion that neurons in striate cortex function as feature detectors.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical
Senses
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The receptive organ for the vestibular sense is the organ of Corti.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The long-term emotional component of chronic pain is mediated by pathways that A) involve the hypothalamus.
B) project from the spinal cord to the primary somatosensory cortex.
C) reach the anterior cingulate cortex and the insular cortex.
D) project to the prefrontal cortex.
E) reach the parietal cortex.
Q3) In referring to the skin,the term "glabrous" means
A) thick.
B) thin.
C) hairless.
D) smooth.
E) rough.
Q4) Describe the neural pathways by which auditory signals for audition reach the cortex.
Q5) Damage to the outer hair cells of the cochlea causes deafness in mice.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Sleep and Biological Rhythms
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drugs that deplete brain levels of histamine ______.
A) inhibit slow wave sleep.
B) decrease waking.
C) induce symptoms of narcolepsy.
D) suppress REM sleep.
E) enhance rapid eye movements.
Q2) A treatment for REM sleep behavior disorder involves
A) antidepressant medications.
B) stimulant drugs.
C) antipsychotic medications.
D) clonazepam.
E) drugs that block hypocretin receptors.
Q3) Sleep stages 3 and 4 are also called
A) REM sleep.
B) high-frequency sleep.
C) slow-wave sleep.
D) paradoxical sleep.
E) rhythmic sleep.
Q4) Describe the types of problems that occur during slow-wave sleep.
Q5) Explain why it is said that the brain is active during sleep.
10
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Chapter 9: Reproductive Behavior
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following pairs represent an example of a primary sex characteristic and an example of a secondary sex characteristic?
A) penis; beard growth
B) enlarged breasts; wide hips
C) testes development; ovaries
D) clitoris; ovaries
E) deep voice; beard growth
Q2) A female rat is ovariectomized and then injected with testosterone immediately after birth.In adulthood,this rat is injected with estradiol and progesterone and placed in a cage with a male rat.This female rat will
A) show evidence of maternal aggression.
B) attempt to mount the male.
C) show lordosis to the male rat.
D) not show female sexual behaviors.
E) show behavioral masculinization.
Q3) The case of Bruce/Brenda/David turned out well,with his successful marriage and career.
A)True
B)False
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Emotion
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Low levels of brain 5-HIAA are correlated with risky behavior in male primates.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Aggressive behaviors
A) include actual attacks against another organism.
B) are often associated with child birth. .
C) are limited to verbal actual attacks.
D) exclude those involved in self-defense.
E) are controlled by the cerebellum.
Q3) The insular cortex
A) is activated by pheromones.
B) contains the primary auditory cortex.
C) is activated by stimuli that produce strong emotions.
D) is required to regulate facial expressions of emotion.
E) All of the above are correct.
Q4) Explain the significance of Hohman's (1966)study of spinal cord transection for study of emotion.
Q5) Describe evidence supporting the involvement of the amygdala in emotional behavior.
Q6) Explain the significance of a conditioned emotional response (CER).
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Ingestive Behavior
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cannabinoid agonists stimulate eating.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Leptin affects food intake,but not metabolism.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The detectors for fatty acids are located within the A) liver.
B) duodenum.
C) gut.
D) brain tissue surrounding the fourth ventricle.
E) pancreas.
Q4) A key effect of ghrelin that results in the stimulation of eating is to A) cause the stomach to release less ghrelin.
B) activate CCK receptors in the brain.
C) activate NPY neurons within the hypothalamus.
D) decrease the release of NPY in the hypothalamus.
E) increase the entry of insulin into the brain.
Q5) Describe the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments of the body.
Page 13
Q6) Describe the stimuli and receptors that induce volumetric thirst.
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Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inactivation of type II calcium calmodulin kinase would be expected to
A) promote the creation of new NMDA receptors.
B) promote the formation of new memories.
C) block the entry of calcium into the postsynaptic cell.
D) block the formation of long-term potentiation.
E) facilitate the production of long-term potentiation.
Q2) People with Korsakoff's syndrome can form new memories,but are unable to remember events that occurred prior to their brain damage.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The perforant pathway
A) is another name for the fornix.
B) interconnects the entorhinal cortex with the granule cells of the dentate gyrus.
C) is the major output of the hippocampus.
D) interconnects the CA2 and CA3 fields of the hippocampus.
E) interconnects the granule cells of the dentate gyrus with the amygdala.
Q4) Describe the role of dopamine in reinforcing brain stimulation.
Q5) Compare the memory problems that occur in anterograde amnesia with those of retrograde amnesia.
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Chapter 13: Human Communication
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The motor aspects of writing are controlled by the
A) ventral parietal lobe.
B) dorsal parietal lobe.
C) orbiofrontal cortex.
D) insular cortex.
E) inferior temporal cortex.
Q2) A direct neural connection between Broca's area and Wernicke's area is provided by the
A) stria teminalis.
B) anterior commissure.
C) corpus callosum.
D) fornix.
E) arcuate fasciculus.
Q3) People who have Broca's aphasia
A) have difficulty comprehending speech meaning using word order.
B) seem unaware of their difficulties.
C) have sustained damage to their right frontal lobe.
D) can pronounce words correctly, but slowly.
E) produce fluent, but meaningless speech.
Q4) Explain how the emotional content of a verbal message is conveyed to a listener.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Neurological Disorders
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is a recent treatment for Parkinson's disease that allows patients to suppress their motor symptoms..
A) Electrical stimulation of the primary motor region
B) Intracranial administration of the drug haloperidol
C) Administration of reserpine into the spinal cord
D) Deep electrical stimulation of the subthalamic region
E) Infusion of GABA into the locus coeruleus
Q2) Which of the following statements about an embolus is correct?
A) It is composed of debris that travels in blood and eventually lodges in an artery.
B) It can consist of pieces of thrombi.
C) It can be caused by infection within the wall of the heart.
D) It is due to pressure exerted by a tumor.
E) An embolus secretes acids which destroy neurons.
Q3) Explain what causes neuronal death when the blood supply to a region of the brain is interrupted.
Q4) Parkinson's disease can be induced by drugs such as MPTP.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the risk factors for stroke.
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Chapter 15: Schizophrenia, Affective Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an "environmental" factor that interacts with genetics for the development of schizophrenia?
A) whether or not the twins were exposed to high levels of lead
B) whether or not the mother consumed a high-fat diet during pregnancy
C) whether identical twins shared the same or different placentas
D) whether the pregnancy occurred on the East or West coasts
E) whether or not fraternal twins experienced birth complications
Q2) All of the following statements about the genetic basis of schizophrenia are true EXCEPT that
A) adoption studies indicate a biological basis for schizophrenia.
B) the concordance rate for schizophrenia is higher for monozygotic than for dizygotic twins.
C) a person with a "schizophrenia gene" will always develop schizophrenia.
D) several genes may be involved in schizophrenia.
E) genes impart a susceptibility to develop schizophrenia.
Q3) Negative schizophrenia symptoms include lack of initiative and poverty of speech.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the changes in sleep noted in depressed persons.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Autistic, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Stress, and Substance Abuse Disorders
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119 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Difficulty in concentrating,remaining still,and working on a task that interfere with learning are the key characteristics of
A) tubercular sclerosis.
B) autism.
C) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
D) anxiety disorder.
E) psychostimulant abuse.
Q2) Which of the following is true of stimulant drugs?
A) Cocaine and methamphetamine may be the most effective reinforcers of all available drugs.
B) Cocaine produces the same physical and behavioral effects as heroin.
C) Cocaine abuse causes strong physical dependence.
D) Cocaine is the least addictive of the psychostimulant drugs.
E) Methamphetamine is less potent than is amphetamine.
Q3) The estimated heritability of autism is ____%.
A) 1-5
B) 10-20
C) 30-40
D) 50-60
E)75-90
Page 18
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