Psychobiology Exam Review
Course Introduction
Psychobiology is an interdisciplinary course that explores the biological foundations of behavior, examining how the brain, nervous system, hormones, genetics, and environment interact to influence psychological processes. Students will study the anatomy and functioning of the nervous system, neural communication, sensory and motor systems, motivation, emotion, learning, memory, and the physiological bases of mental disorders. Through a blend of lectures, case studies, and research reviews, the course emphasizes the scientific methods used to investigate the links between biology and behavior, providing students with a foundational understanding of how biological processes underpin cognition, emotion, and action.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Behavioral Neuroscience 3rd Edition by Laura Freberg
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
16 Chapters
2682 Verified Questions
2682 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1345 Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Behavioral Neuroscience
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26816
Sample Questions
Q1) Although his ability to speak is otherwise normal,a patient suffering from a stroke is having difficulty naming common everyday objects,such as tools.In order to determine which part of the brain is functioning abnormally,his doctor may use which of the following techniques?
A)Inject the patient with horseradish peroxidase and look at his brain during an autopsy.
B) Do a CT scan on the brain to see what area is not functioning.
C) Use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare the activity of the brains of the patient and normal volunteers when they are presented with pictures of various tools.
D) During neurosurgery on the patient, stimulate his brain to see what part is not functioning.
Answer: C
Q2) Descartes' mind-body dualism is defined as a philosophical view that considers
A)mind to be the product of neural activity.
B) mind and body to be separate entities.
C) reality to exist only when perceived by an observer.
D) the senses as the source of knowledge.
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 3
Chapter 2: Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26817
Sample Questions
Q1) Efferent spinal nerves arise from the _________ root of the spinal cord and carry ___________ information.
A)ventral; sensory
B)ventral; motor
C)dorsal; sensory
D)dorsal; motor
Answer: B
Q2) The release of hormones by the pituitary gland is regulated primarily by the
A)hypothalamus.
B)thalamus.
C)amygdala.
D)hippocampus.
Answer: A
Q3) Spinal neurons that pass motor information to the body's muscles may be found in _________ of the spinal cord.
A)the white matter
B)the dorsal horns
C)the ventral horns
D)both the dorsal and ventral horns
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Neurophysiology: the Structure and Functions of the
Cells of the Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
177 Verified Questions
177 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26818
Sample Questions
Q1) Action potentials and excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)are similar in that both
A)are always all-or-none.
B)last about the same amount of time.
C)involve voltage-dependent ion channels.
D)involve the movement of sodium into cells.
Answer: D
Q2) What determines the type of process used to terminate chemical communication at the synapse?
A)the type of neurotransmitter involved
B) the quantity of neurotransmitter involved
C) the physical characteristics of the postsynaptic cell, such as being unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar
D) whether the neurotransmitter molecules interacted with metabotropic or ionotropic receptors
Answer: A
Q3) What is an interneuron?
Answer: An interneuron is a neuron that has neither a specific motor nor sensory function.It is used to connect sensory and motor neurons.
Page 5
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
171 Verified Questions
171 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26819
Sample Questions
Q1) Vaccinations against drugs of abuse
A)are unlikely to be effective.
B)stimulate the immune system to delay or prevent effects of the problem drug.
C)provide a general protection against all drugs of abuse.
D)are unlikely to interfere with pain medications and other legitimate pharmaceuticals.
Q2) Memory problems associated with alcohol may result from its activity at _________receptors.
A)GABA
B)NMDA glutamate
C)opiate
D)dopamine
Q3) In posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD),people often feel hypervigilant,or unable to relax even when they're in a very safe situation.Which of the following neurotransmitters might be involved in this unusual state?
A)acetylcholine
B)serotonin
C)dopamine
D)norepinephrine
Q4) How does cocaine produce its behavioral effects?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26820
Sample Questions
Q1) During which stage of development do new neurons form connections with other neurons?
A)Stage 1
B)Stage 4
C)Stage 3
D)Stage 6
Q2) For the first two weeks of a human pregnancy,the developing organism is referred to as a(n)
A)zygote.
B)embryo.
C)blastocyst.
D)fetus.
Q3) Neurotrophins prevent apoptosis by inhibiting the activity of
A)caspases.
B)neurotrophins.
C)sonic hedgehog.
D)inducing proteins.
Q4) Why does a critical period end?
Page 7
Q5) Summarize the major events that occur in synaptogenesis.
Q6) Describe the process of apoptosis.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 8
Chapter 6: Vision
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
180 Verified Questions
180 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26821
Sample Questions
Q1) The double pupils in each eye of Anableps anableps allows the fish to overcome distortions of light in both water and air caused by
A)refraction.
B)reflection.
C)absorption.
D)both reflection and absorption.
Q2) Bipolar cells form connections with horizontal cells and photoreceptors in the _________ layer.
A)inner nuclear
B)outer nuclear
C)inner plexiform
D)outer plexiform
Q3) A region of blindness in the visual field of patients with cortical damage is known as a(n)
A)scotoma.
B)agnosia.
C)cataract.
D)presbyopia.
Q4) What causes astigmatism?
Q5) Describe the organization of the lateral geniculate nucleus.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 7: Nonvisual Sensation and Perception
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
163 Verified Questions
163 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26822
Sample Questions
Q1) The sound stimulus begins with the
A)absorption of energy by molecules of air.
B)reflection of energy from objects in the environment.
C)impact of sound energy on the cochlea.
D)vibration caused by the movement of objects in space.
Q2) Describe the connections formed by the vestibular nuclei.
Q3) Identify the route taken by pain information from the periphery of the body to the cerebral cortex.Be sure to identify the structures and pathways labeled 1 through 7 in this image.
Q4) Decibels (dB)are used to measure a sound's
A)pitch.
B)frequency.
C)intensity.
D)harmonics.
Q5) A single auditory neuron can usually respond to a range of sound intensity of about _______ dB.
A)10
B)25
C)40
D)60
Page 10
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: Movement
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
170 Verified Questions
170 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26823
Sample Questions
Q1) Ventromedial pathways provide
A)automatic control of the hands, feet, and parts of limbs farther from the body.
B)automatic control of the neck, torso, and parts of limbs close to the body.
C)voluntary control of the hands, feet, and the medial sections of limbs.
D)voluntary control of the neck and torso.
Q2) Which of the following areas of the spinal cord show enlargement of the ventral horns due to large numbers of motor neurons?
A)C1-C2 and T2-T12
B)C1-C2 and L1-S3
C)C3-T1 and T2-T12
D)C3-T1 and L1-S3
Q3) The pathway indicated by the number 3 in the figure originates in the ____________________ and is known as the ____________________ tract.
Q4) Muscle fibers respond to
A)serotonin.
B)glutamate.
C)dopamine.
D)acetylcholine.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 11
Chapter 9: Homeostasis and Motivation
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
171 Verified Questions
171 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26824
Sample Questions
Q1) The process of activating and directing behavior designed toward a specific goal is known as
A)motivation.
B)homeostasis.
C)drive.
D)tension
Q2) MC4 receptors in the lateral hypothalamus are
A)activated by AgRP, leading to satiety.
B)activated by AgRP, leading to feeding behavior.
C)blocked by AgRP, leading to satiety.
D)blocked by AgRP, leading to feeding behavior.
Q3) Neurons in the lateral hypothalamus involved with the initiation of complex feeding behaviors may secrete
A)TSH and ACTH.
B)MCH and orexins (hypocretins).
C)MCH and ACTH.
D)TSH and orexins (hypocretins).
Q4) In this image,structure #1,which is the ___________________________________, receives input from structure #2,the ____________________,and structure #7,the_________________________.
Page 12
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 10: Sexual Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
166 Verified Questions
166 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26825
Sample Questions
Q1) The quantity of androgens produced by females is about _________ percent of the quantity produced by males.
A)10
B)25
C)33
D)50
Q2) In males at puberty,sperm production is regulated by
A)estradiol.
B)FSH.
C)LH.
D)LH, FSH, and testosterone.
Q3) The female gonads are known as
A)the Müllerian system.
B)the Wolffian system.
C)ovaries.
D)testes.
Q4) Why do some scientists believe that we are attracted to people with symmetrical faces and bodies?
Q5) What processes determine the development of external genitalia?
Q6) What is the relationship between the menstrual cycle and mood?
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 11: Sleep and Waking
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
168 Verified Questions
168 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26826
Sample Questions
Q1) Great Aunt Mary has always been a "lark," getting up early,working busily during the day and then going to bed relatively early.She recently had a slight stroke,and the only thing that seems different about her is that her normal periods of sleeping and waking have changed.Now,you never know when she will get up or when she will go to bed,and she is often up half the night but sleeping during the day.Given what you have learned about sleep and waking,which one of the following brain areas might have been affected by her stroke?
A)the rubrospinal tract
B)the retinohypothalamic pathway
C)the mesolimbicstriatal pathway
D)the thalamopituitary pathway
Q2) What evidence supports the idea that sleep is a time to restore and repair the body?
Q3) According to Allison and Cichetti,which of the following animals would tend to sleep the most?
A)lions
B)cows
C)human beings
D)horses
Q4) What is "sleep debt" and how is it managed by the brain?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
169 Verified Questions
169 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26827
Sample Questions
Q1) Information from structure number 1,known as ____________________,leaves the hippocampus via structure number ____________________,which forms the
Q2) In studies of classical conditioning in Aplysia,which of the following usually serves as the unconditioned stimulus?
A)touching the mantle
B)touching the siphon
C)the gill-withdrawal reflex
D)electric shock to the tail
Q3) What do the case studies of patients H.M.and N.A.tell us about memory?
Q4) Evidence from patients with anterograde amnesia suggests that the role of the hippocampus is to
A)serve as a storage location for declarative memories.
B)serve as a storage location for procedural memories.
C)assist in the retrieval of memories stored in other locations.
D)transfer information from short-term memory into long-term memory.
Q5) Explain the significance of the events occurring in the circled location of this image,which depicts the synapse between a sensory neuron and an interneuron.
Q6) Summarize the role of the amygdala in the classical conditioning of fear.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 13: Hemispheric Asymmetry, language, and Intelligence
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
166 Verified Questions
166 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26828
Sample Questions
Q1) Dyslexia is strongly influenced by genetics.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Modern research indicates that the Wernicke-Geschwind model is incorrect in which of the following assumptions?
A)The angular gyrus is involved with the translation of written words into sound.
B)Sounds are decoded by Wernicke's area.
C)Information travels in only one direction between Broca's and Wernicke's areas.
D)Broca's area participates in the production of speech.
Q3) Which of the following statistical facts provides support for a role of prenatal androgen levels in lateralization?
A)lower rates of verbal learning disabilities among males
B)higher rates of immune disorders among females
C)lower rates of left-handedness among males exposed prenatally to ultrasound
D)higher rates of left-handedness among males
Q4) What is the Flynn Effect,and what does this tell us about the development of mature human intelligence?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 14: Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26829
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements describes the lateralization of emotion most accurately?
A)The right and left hemispheres do not appear to process emotional content differently.
B)The left hemisphere in most people is more likely to process positive emotions, whereas the right hemisphere is more likely to process negative emotions.
C)The left hemisphere in most people is more likely to process negative emotions, whereas the left hemisphere is more likely to process negative emotions.
D)Both positive and negative emotions appear to be processed exclusively by the right hemisphere in most people.
Q2) A person with an anxiety disorder who engages in catastrophizing and worrying show unusually high levels of activity in the
A)amygdala.
B)anterior cingulate cortex.
C)thalamus.
D)nucleus accumbens.
Q3) What is the relationship between stress and health?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 15: Neuropsychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
155 Verified Questions
155 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26830
Sample Questions
Q1) One likely candidate for a "migraine generator" is the
A)locus coeruleus.
B)substantia nigra.
C)raphe nuclei.
D)periaqueductal gray.
Q2) Migraine headaches can result from information carried by the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)from the brainstem to the meninges.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How does the World Health Organization (WHO)classify brain tumors?
Q4) This image illustrates a
A)partial seizure.
B)grand mal seizure.
C)petit mal seizure.
D)migraine headache.
Q5) In what ways do transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)appear different from diseases caused by known viruses and bacteria?
Q6) Describe the types of damage that occur during a closed head injury,making reference to the features illustrated in this image.
Page 18
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 16: Psychopathology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26831
Sample Questions
Q1) In addition to improving mood,antidepressant medications might also
A)increase neurogenesis in the hippocampus.
B)decrease neurogenesis in the hippocampus.
C)decrease a person's need for sleep.
D)increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Q2) Relative to healthy controls,people with major depressive disorder
A)show no differences in brain structure or activity.
B)show increased volume in the hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex.
C)show decreased volume in the hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex.
D)show decreased volume in the hippocampus, but increased volume in the orbitofrontal cortex.
Q3) The same genes that contribute to schizophrenia might also be involved in the development of
A)panic disorder.
B)antisocial personality disorder.
C)major depressive disorder.
D)bipolar disorder.
Q4) What is the effect of autism spectrum disorder on brain development?
Q5) Summarize the biochemical correlates of schizophrenia.
Q6) What relationship exists between diet and bipolar disorder?
Page 19
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.