Psychiatric Disorders
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive overview of psychiatric disorders, exploring their classification, etiology, symptoms, and impacts on individuals and society. Students will examine major mental health conditions, including mood, anxiety, psychotic, and personality disorders, as defined by current diagnostic criteria. Emphasis is placed on understanding the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to these conditions, as well as approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Through case studies and current research, learners will gain insight into the complexities of mental illness and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to mental health care.
Recommended Textbook
Abnormal Psychology 8th Edition by Thomas F. Oltmanns
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Chapter 1: Examples and Definitions of Abnormal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) People who seek help for mental disorders are most likely to receive help from which of the following?
A)primary care physicians
B)social workers
C)psychiatrists
D)psychologists
Answer: A
Q2) Culture is defined in terms of the
A)level of education attained by most people in a specific group.
B)degree of emphasis a community places on art and literature.
C)values,beliefs,and practices shared by a specific group of people.
D)similarity of people within a group.
Answer: C
Q3) Which publication contains the official criteria for diagnosing mental disorders?
A)Physicians' Desk Reference
B)Syndromes of Mental Disorders
C)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
D)American Psychiatric Association Guidelines for Diagnosis
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Causes of Abnormal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best illustrates reciprocal causality?
A)Parents influence their children and are also influenced by their own parents.
B)Parents influence their children both through heredity and through socialization.
C)Parents influence their children and children influence their parents.
D)Children are influenced both by their parents and by their peers.
Answer: C
Q2) Endocrine glands produce psychophysiological responses by releasing
.
Answer: hormones
Q3) In addition to the theory that living in a poor section of a U.S.city can expose children to the stress of high crime rates,what has also been suggested as a way in which poverty could add to the rate of mental disorders?
A)Living a life of poverty is inherently stressful.
B)Living in poverty exposes people to higher rates of disease,prompting the occurrence of mental disorders.
C)People with mental disorders gravitate to poorer areas of cities.
D)Poor areas of U.S.cities lack adequate safety,leading to mental distress.
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many prevention programs in the field of mental health face an insurmountable obstacle in the field's
A)unwillingness to spend money on prevention programs.
B)lack of a specific understanding of the cause of most mental disorders.
C)control by one group of theorists who do not believe in prevention.
D)inability to make a decision as to which mental illness to target first.
Answer: B
Q2) What were the findings of the Consumers Reports survey of psychotherapy effectiveness concerning medications in treatment?
A)Medication adds little to psychotherapy.
B)Medication was superior to psychotherapy in treating clients.
C)Medication added significantly to the effectiveness of psychotherapy.
D)The use of medication detracted from the overall effectiveness of the psychotherapy.
Answer: A
Q3) __________ prevention tries to improve the environment or social situation so fewer new cases of a mental problem get started.
Answer: Primary
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Chapter 4: Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) After reviewing the manual for scoring the MMPI-2,Elizabeth decides that the scoring can best be described as
A)reactive.
B)objective.
C)subjective.
D)projective.
Q2) In the 1950s and 1960s,mental health clinicians using early editions of the DSM who independently evaluated the same client
A)usually arrived at the same diagnosis.
B)frequently disagreed with one another.
C)relied heavily on psychological tests.
D)tended to prefer the term "problems in living."
Q3) In DSM-5,clinical disorders are defined largely in terms of
A)compulsive behaviors
B)symptomatic behaviors.
C)necessity of inpatient therapy.
D)comorbidity.
Q4) A recent advance in brain imaging allows details of both the structure and function of the brain to be seen.This method is _________ .
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Chapter 5: Mood Disorders and Suicide
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Q1) You are asked to consult about a patient who may be depressed.What you notice is that the focus of his symptoms is mostly somatic: on headaches,sleep disorder,and lack of energy.You ask if this patient happens to be from __________ the country where these symptoms are more generally seen in depression.
A)The United States
B)England
C)Australia
D)China
Q2) Mary fails a calculus exam.Although other students who failed the same exam complain that the exam was too hard and that the professor has a reputation for tough grading,Mary is convinced that she failed because she is incapable of understanding the material.How might we characterize Mary's attribution style?
A)global
B)stable
C)primary
D)internal
Q3) Gender differences are typically not observed in __________ mood disorders.
Q4) __________ or elated mood is the opposite emotional state from depressed mood.
Q5) What has research revealed concerning the rate of depression among the elderly?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Anxiety Disorders
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Q1) Laboratory research indicates that feelings of lack of __________ contribute to the onset of panic attacks among patients with panic disorder.
Q2) How do clinical obsessions differ from normal obsessions?
A)They differ in degree rather than kind.
B)Clinical obsessions are more visually oriented.
C)The content of the reported images is different.
D)Clinical obsessions are more likely to be acted upon.
Q3) Which of the following is appropriately matched?
A)acrophobia: fear of heights
B)claustrophobia: fear of open spaces
C)altaphobia: fear of flying
D)hemophobia: fear of insects
Q4) D.M.Clark,a psychologist,suggests that panic disorder may be caused by the catastrophic __________ of bodily sensations or perceived threat.
Q5) Barlow suggests that anxious apprehension involves which of the following?
A)immediate danger
B)specific negative emotions
C)a preoccupation with others
D)a sense of uncontrollability
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Chapter 7: Acute and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders,
Dissociative Disorders, and Somatic Symptom Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) A psychologist wants to collect some information from individuals who have been diagnosed as suffering either acute stress disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder.Which of the following could provide the best indication of the presence of certain symptoms in these individuals?
A)They are asked to keep track of their calorie intake for a period of two months.
B)They are asked to fill out a questionnaire asking for basic demographic information.
C)They are videotaped as they wait to be interviewed and react to an expected loud noise.
D)They are asked to proceed to another building on campus and their speed of walking is measured.
Q2) If a patient with somatic symptom disorder is described as presenting symptoms in a histrionic manner what has the clinician concluded?
A)The physical symptoms do not make anatomical sense.
B)The patient's report is filled with suspicious gaps of memory.
C)The patient's symptoms are consistent with "la belle indifference."
D)The symptoms were presented in a vague but seductive and dramatic manner.
Q3) ___________ disorders involve the creation of a disorder by its treatment.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Stress and Physical Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Four-year-old Mary's parents rush into her bedroom when they hear her screaming in the night,but she appears to be sleeping normally when they get there.In the morning,they ask her if she had a bad dream,but she says she didn't.Mary is experiencing
A)sleep terrors.
B)nightmares.
C)REM sleep behavior disorder.
D)hypersomnia.
Q2) Social ecology refers to
A)teaching people about pollution in the environment.
B)how behaviors such as smoking contribute to pollution.
C)relationships between the individual and the social world.
D)maintaining a group of close friends for social support.
Q3) Which sleep-wake disorder is characterized by problems with sleep quantity or quality and may include problems in initiating or maintaining sleep?
A)insomnia disorder
B)hypersomnolence disorder
C)a breathing-related sleep disorder
D)circadian rhythm sleep disorder
Q4) Discuss the relationship between stress,health behavior,and cancer.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Personality Disorders
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Sample
Questions
Q1) As a forensic psychologist working for a federal prison system,you have been asked to design a treatment for antisocial personality disorder.You are aware that most programs have limited success at best,but you also know that there are some positive findings with regard to
A)psychoanalytic programs that would require an inmate to see a psychiatrist five times a week.
B)behavioral programs originally designed for the treatment of deviant sexual crimes.
C)humanistic programs that focus on learning empathy skills.
D)programs that stress the importance of taking all of their prescribed medicine.
Q2) __________ personality disorder has a relatively high recovery rate following early detection and therapy.
A)Avoidant
B)Antisocial
C)Borderline
D)Schizotypal
Q3) Discuss the results of studies of the prevalence of personality disorders based on community and clinical samples.
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11
Chapter 10: Feeding and Eating Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which form of therapy is emerging as an effective treatment for bulimia nervosa because patients continue to improve after the end of therapy?
A)psychodynamic therapy
B)behavior therapy
C)interpersonal therapy
D)selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Q2) In the case of Serrita,whose struggle with anorexia is described in your textbook,what was her attitude about her condition that is common to many diagnosed with anorexia?
A)She admitted to being too thin and acknowledged her need to gain weight.
B)She admitted to being too thin but denied that she needed to gain weight.
C)She denied that she was too thin.
D)She admitted to being too thin but blamed it on a biochemical deficiency.
Q3) Describe the research on the effectiveness of different forms of therapy for treating bulimia nervosa.
Q4) Third generation eating disorder prevention programs that have had the most success in reducing binge eating are ones that focus on __________ weight or eating programs.
Q5) Discuss the defining characteristics of anorexia.
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Chapter 11: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) While out in the wild,a group of vacationers pick some mushrooms.Later in the day,they use them in cooking the evening meal.Several members of the group begin to experience strange sensations and even hallucinations.The drug in the mushrooms was most likely
A)PCP.
B)marijuana.
C)psilocybin.
D)exogenous opiates.
Q2) What is the physiological basis of the short-term effects of nicotine?
A)blocks the release of GABA and acetylcholine
B)increases the release of GABA and acetylcholine
C)blocks the release of norepinephrine and dopamine
D)increases the release of norepinephrine and dopamine
Q3) Natural rewards,such as food and sex,as well as many drugs of abuse increase __________ levels in brain reward pathways.
Q4) Review the evidence for the role of the brain's reward systems in a model of the cause of drug addiction in general.
Q5) What are the symptoms and causes of withdrawal? Which drugs cause serious signs of withdrawal?
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Chapter 12: Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders and Gender Dysphoria
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following individuals is most likely to engage in masochistic sexual activity?
A)Helen,who works as a nursing assistant at the local nursing home
B)Iris,who just graduated from a small state college and loves to collect military items
C)Frank,who is a paramedic and is frequently the first one on the scene of a terrible accident
D)Gary,who is highly educated and whose social activities are often described in the social column of the newspaper
Q2) Money described the development of paraphilias using a geographic metaphor for a mental picture representing a person's ideal sexual relationship that he called a love
A)handle.
B)guide.
C)map.
D)GPS.
Q3) ____________ sexual desire is defined in terms of lack of sexual fantasies and lack of interest in sexual experiences.
Q4) The association of sexual arousal with nonliving objects is called __________.
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Chapter 13: Disorders
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Q1) When seen in a schizophrenic client,a rigidly held,idiosyncratic belief or preposterous idea is known as a(n)__________ .
Q2) When patients who are suffering delusions are confronted with contradictory evidence,they
A)defend their beliefs with conviction.
B)concede their error but then develop new delusions.
C)defend their beliefs but only half-heartedly,knowing they are in error.
D)are unable to engage in coherent speech.
Q3) Evidence for the role of the environment in the etiology of schizophrenia is A)non-existent.
B)questionable.
C)anecdotal.
D)compelling.
Q4) "Schizophrenia" refers to the splitting of mental associations.As an unfortunate result of this choice of terms,laypeople often think "schizophrenia" refers to A)major depression.
B)memory loss.
C)anorexia nervosa.
D)dissociative identity disorder.
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Chapter 14: Neurocognitive Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Abuse of drugs would be most likely in
A)some forms of dementia.
B)delirium.
C)depression.
D)all forms of dementia.
Q2) Two patients on the neurology ward at the hospital have different memory problems.Ann has difficulty remembering what happened before a car accident,whereas Carson's difficulty is in learning to remember new material.At a case conference,how will these two cases be described?
A)Ann has apraxia; Carson has aphasia.
B)Ann has aphasia; Carson has apraxia.
C)Ann has retrograde amnesia; Carson has anterograde amnesia.
D)Ann has anterograde amnesia; Carson has retrograde amnesia.
Q3) What are the two specific types of brain lesions found in Alzheimer's disease?
A)microtubules and dopamine deposits
B)neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques
C)ballooning nerve cells and absent myelin sheaths
D)clogged train arteries and enlarged microtubules
Q4) A professional that has particular expertise in the assessment of specific types of cognitive impairment is known as a(n)
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Chapter 15: Intellectual Disabilities and Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true about ASD?
A)Savant performance is common among people with ASD.
B)Nearly 75 percent of people with classic autism have IQs above 100.
C)Most people with ASD do not show savant performance.
D)Over 90 percent of people with ASD show savant performance involving mathematical skills.
Q2) By their 30s,individuals with Down syndrome develop brain pathology that is similar to that found in
A)Alzheimer's disease.
B)Parkinson's disease.
C)Huntington's disease.
D)Korsakoff's syndrome.
Q3) A common problem with ASD is where the subtleties of speech production are unusual: speech is disturbed in rate,rhythm,and intonation.The child or adult with ASD sounds unusual to the normal listener,even when the speech content is normal.These disruptions are referred to as A)aphonia.
B)dysprosody.
C)dysrythmia.
D)anhedonia.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders of Childhood
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Q1) A child with which of the following would likely be diagnosed as having an externalizing disorder?
A)excessive anxiety
B)depressed mood
C)somatic complaints
D)serious misconduct
Q2) Discuss the current thinking regarding the "paradoxical effect" of psychostimulant medication on children with ADHD.
Q3) Hyperactivity is most notable in
A)unfamiliar places.
B)a physician's office.
C)structured settings,such as classrooms.
D)unstructured situations,such as on playgrounds.
Q4) The continuous performance test is used to measure
A)sustained attention.
B)hyperactivity.
C)neurological abnormalities.
D)academic achievement.
Q5) ________ disorders are characterized by a child's feelings of anxiety,fear or prolonged sadness.
18
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Chapter 17: Adjustment Disorders and Life-Cycle Transitions
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Q1) What treatment approach do many clinicians suggest for those experiencing distress associated with transitions to adult life?
A)psychoanalytic
B)behavioral
C)supportive and nondirective
D)challenging and confrontational
Q2) Critics of Erik Erikson's views on adult psychosocial development believed that men form identities based on work and that women form identities based on________.In recent years,however,gender roles are changing for both sexes.
A)education
B)innate ability
C)relationships
D)intuition
Q3) Family transitions are major changes in family life and family relationships that frequently involve
A)coping with some type of mental disorder.
B)the addition or loss of members of a family household.
C)a need to change the communication patterns within the family.
D)major changes in the personality structure of members of the family.
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Chapter 18: Mental Health and the Law
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Q1) _________ involves the accidental or intentional infliction of harm to a child due to acts or omissions on the part of an adult responsible for the child's care.
Q2) Another attempt to reform the insanity defense is known as
A)not guilty due to mental illness.
B)guilty but mentally ill.
C)guilty but insane.
D)not guilty due to mental mitigation.
Q3) "Rotting with their rights on" refers to one problem with A)deinstitutionalization.
B)institutionalization.
C)community commitment.
D)mandatory jail terms.
Q4) Approximately ___ percent of the mentally disturbed have no history of violence. A)10
B)20
C)50
D)90
Q5) Describe the various ways in which the legal system and the mental health professions interact,overlap,and,at times,find themselves in conflict.
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