Project Management
Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Project Management is a course designed to equip students with the fundamental principles, methodologies, and tools necessary for effectively initiating, planning, executing, monitoring, and closing projects across various industries. The curriculum covers the entire project lifecycle, emphasizing scope management, scheduling, budgeting, quality control, risk assessment, and team leadership. Through real-world case studies and hands-on exercises, students learn to balance competing demands, communicate with stakeholders, and utilize project management software. Upon completion, students will be able to apply best practices to lead successful projects, meet objectives, and adapt to dynamic organizational environments.
Recommended Textbook
Decision Sciences and Operations Management Coursemate 4th Edition by David A. Collier
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Chapter 1: Goods, Services, and Operations Management
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Q1) To apply the principles of operations management, managers need to understand people, processes, and technology.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Customers and service providers often work together to co-produce a service.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Service management skills would include all of the following except
A)accounting and finance
B)knowledge and technical expertise about operations
C)marketing and cross-selling
D)human interaction
Answer: A
Q4) A service encounter is any interaction between a customer and the service provider.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Value Chains
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Q1) From the pre- and post-service view of a value chain, goods and services design, contract negotiation and consulting services would be considered
A)pre-production services
B)production processes
C)post-production services
D)value creation
Answer: A
Q2) Outsourcing is the opposite of vertical integration.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) The organization that outsources still retains ownership of the outsourced process or function.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Measuring Performance in Operations
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Q1) Which one of the following statements is true regarding FedEx's Service Quality Indicator SQI)?
A)FedEx's SQI is an example of volume flexibility.
B)FedEx's SQI places the most weight importance) on late pickups.
C)FedEx's SQI places the most weight importance) on damaged and lost packages.
D)FedEx's SQI places the most weight importance) on delivery on the wrong day.
Answer: C
Q2) A computer manufacturer currently has a 15 percent customer defection rate. Their accounting department estimates the incremental contribution to profit and overhead as 30 percent. Customers purchase computers every four years at an average cost of $1,200.00. In an effort to reduce the defection rate, the company is improving both the quality of its computers and its post-sale service. Determine the increase in the average value of a loyal customer if the defection rate drops to 5 percent.
Answer: Current VLC = P*CM*RF*BLC
VLC = 1200)0.3)1/4)1/.15) = $600
If the defection rate drops to 5%, VLC = 1200)0.3)1/4)1/.05) = $1800
The value of a loyal customer triples.
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Chapter 4: Operations Strategy
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Q1) In today's global market, mass customization has become less important than it was in the past.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The ease by which one can create original music compositions using a software package such as Band in a Box or Apples' Garage Band would be an example of an experience attribute.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How do customers evaluate services differently from manufacturing, and what implications do these have for operations?
Q4) Customers generally perceive greater risk when buying goods than when buying services.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Being able to access the Internet in an automobile at any speed and in any location would be considered an order satisfier.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Technology and Operations Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the components, hardware and software of a Computer-Integrated Manufacturing System CIMS).
Q2) Information technology has significantly affected health care. Which of the following is not an outcome?
A)Cost reduction
B)Revenue enhancement
C)Faster exchange of handwritten charts between physicians and nurses
D)Improved clinical efficiency and patient care
Q3) Computer chips and microprocessors are examples of hard technology.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Return facilitators specialize to getting reusable packaging/shipping material containers, crates, and pallets) back to manufacturers.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Enterprise Resource Planning systems are designed to build customer relationships and loyalty.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Goods and Service Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) An ATM machine provides four sequential steps in processing a transaction. Over the last quarter, the reliability of each of these steps was 0.92, 0.97, 0.95 and 0.90. What is the overall reliability of the machine? How much can reliability be improved if the reliability of the fourth step is increased to 0.98?
Q2) A critical part has a manufacturing specification of 0.325 cm \(\times\) 0.010. Based on historic information, if this measurement is larger than 0.335 or smaller than 0.315, the product fails at a cost of $120. Determine the Taguchi loss function.
Q3) In design specification terminology, the target dimension is called
A)nominal
B)exceptional
C)bull's-eye
D)goal
Q4) Which of the following is not an important element of reliability definition?
A)probability
B)time
C)redundancy
D)operating conditions
Q5) Explain the importance of service recovery and service guarantees.
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Chapter 7: Process Selection, Design, and Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) In designing processes, one often starts at the detail level and moves progressively toward the aggregate.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Transferring material between two non-adjacent workstations, waiting for service and requiring multiple approvals are examples of
A)A value stream
B)A process map
C)Non-value-added activities
D)Little's Law
Q3) Compare and contrast a product-process matrix with a service positioning matrix.
Q4) The Product-Process Matrix works well for both goods and services.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Automobile factories and hospital laboratory work are examples of A)Projects
B)Job shop
C)Flow shop processes
D)Continuous flow processes
Q6) Explain Little's Law and how it can be used.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Facility and Work Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) Assembly line balancing problems involving many distinct products mixed-model line balancing) are generally easier to solve than single-model balancing problems because there are more alternatives available to assign tasks to workstations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Considering ergonomics, which of the following does not fit?
A)Improving productivity
B)Group technology
C)Designing equipment and instrumentation
D)Considering physical capability of people
Q3) Cycle time should be smaller than the largest operation time.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is not a disadvantage of virtual teams?
A)Security
B)Working hours
C)Synchronizing calendars
D)Socialization
Q5) List the many questions that must be addressed in designing a workstation.
Page 10
Q6) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing virtual teams.
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Chapter 9: Supply Chain Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) Summarize the Supply Chain Operations Reference SCOR) model.
Q2) Given the retail location coordinates and the value of material movement in the following chart, find the best supply point location using the center-of-gravity method. \[\begin{array} { c c c }
\text { Retail Outlet } & \text { Lacation Coordinates } \mathbf { X } , \mathbf { Y } & \text { Materal Movement } \\
\hline 1 & 25,05 & 1,500 \\
2 & 17,20 & 3,000 \\
3 & 12,12 & 1,000 \\
4 & 06,09 & 2,200 \end{array}\]
Q3) An) ____ produces only what is needed at upstream stages in the supply chain in response to customer demand signals.
A)Responsive supply chain
B)Efficient supply chain
C)Push system
D)Pull system
Q4) What are the key functions of a supply chain?
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Chapter 10: Capacity Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are complementary goods and services and why do firms have them?
Q2) Changing labor skill mix is a means to adjust short-term capacity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss the following:
a.Approaches to adjust short-term capacity
b.Approaches for shifting and stimulating demand
Q4) Complementary goods and services are those that require different resources than the organization's other goods and services.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Safety capacity or a capacity cushion is
A)needed for processes with little demand variability
B)provided for anticipated events
C)generally higher in a job shop
D)not appropriate for service organizations
Q6) A physical constraint is associated with the capacity of a resource. A)True
B)False
Q7) What is safety capacity? Discuss reasons for using it.
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Chapter 11: Forecasting and Demand Planning
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Sample Questions
Q1) In practice, managers rely almost exclusively on statistical forecasts.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain how forecasting is used at different levels of an organization.
Q3) Irregular variation and random variation both refer to unexplainable deviation of a time series from a predictable pattern.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Regression models are often used in forecasting to incorporate causal variables that may influence a time series.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Exponential smoothing...
A)Works best for long-term forecasting
B)Yields a mathematically optimal solution
C)Assigns weights to past data that decay exponentially as the data gets older
D)Cannot be adapted to handle trend
Q6) Describe some of the issues that managers must consider in applying forecasting methods in practice.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Managing Inventories
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dependent demand, unlike independent demand, needs to be forecasted.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Many practical inventory situations include backorders and quantity discounts.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Demand that is stable over time is called ____.
A)Static
B)Dynamic
C)Stochastic
D)Deterministic
Q4) Safety stock inventory is an additional amount of inventory kept over and above the average amount required to meet demand during the lead time.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Demand that incorporates uncertainty is called ____.
A)Static
B)Dynamic
C)Stochastic
D)Deterministic
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Resource Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) An electronics company wants to develop an MRP schedule for one of its key components, a specialized chip. The lot size is 600, the lead time is 2 weeks, there are 900 units on hand with 300 of those as safety stock and 500 already allocated. There are gross requirements for 2000 units in week 3 and 1500 units in week 5. There are 600 units scheduled to be received in week 1.
a. What is the number of units available in week 3?
b. What is the planned order receipt for week 5?
Q2) ____ are the total demand for an item derived from all of its parents.
A)Planned order releases
B)Gross requirements
C)Scheduled receipts
D)Planned order receipts
Q3) In MRP, it is essential that all dependent demand requirements be ordered at the beginning of the planning period.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Differentiate between a level production strategy and a chase demand strategy.
Q5) Explain the three levels of resource planning.
Q6) What are the components of an MRP record?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Operations Scheduling and Sequencing
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Q1) Two examples of process-focused performance measures for sequencing rules are flow time and lateness.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Johnson's sequencing rule is used to sequence
A) several jobs through several work centers
B) several jobs through one work center
C) two jobs through several work centers
D) several jobs through two work centers
Q3) In sequencing a set of jobs on a single processor, different sequences will have different makespans but the same average flow times.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If the highest priority is to minimize the average job lateness, then the jobs sequence should begin with those jobs requiring
A)The shortest processing time
B)The smallest critical ratio
C)The least remaining operations
D)The longest processing time
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Chapter 15: Quality Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) ISO 9000 definition of quality system standards is based on the premise that certain generic characteristics of management practice can be standardized and that a well-designed, well-implemented and carefully managed quality system provides confidence that the outputs will meet customer expectations and requirements.
A)True
B)False
Q2) "Fitness for use" relates to how well quality meets design targets and tolerances.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ISO 9000 is best used by firms with mature quality systems as a means of refining their quality practices.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Corporate sponsors who support Six Sigma activities are typically called "black belts."
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the four components of the cost of quality.
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Chapter 16: Quality Control and Spc
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Sample Questions
Q1) Common cause variation is
A)Controllable at the sources
B)Called assignable cause
C)Can be reduced by statistical process control methods
D)The responsibility of management
Q2) A company that makes handheld computers is trying to improve one of its poorer selling products. They conducted some customer surveys and found that customers prefer the product to weigh between 10 and 14 ounces. At present, the mean of the process is 12 ounces and the standard deviation of the process is .4 ounces. They want to ensure that the production process will meet customer expectations; that is, the process capability index C<sub>p</sub>) will be greater than or equal to 1.00.
a. What is the C<sub>p</sub> of the current production process?
b. What does the standard deviation of the process have to be for the C<sub>p</sub> to equal 1.00?
Q3) Define "quality at the source."
Q4) A key element of a control system is the ability to measure performance and compare it to a performance standard.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Lean Operating Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the Toyota Motor Company, waiting time is a necessary evil in production and is not classified as waste.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Production Kanbans trigger the movement of parts.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the 5Ss.
Q4) The number of Kanban cards is dependent on all of the following except
A)Average daily demand rate
B)Setup time
C)Part waiting time
D)Safety stock
Q5) When producing a broad goods or service mix with diverse requirements on common equipment, the ideal strategy is to run large batches.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the purpose of visual controls and give examples.
Q7) Discuss the differences between lean production and Six Sigma.
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Chapter 18: Project Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Critical Path Method CPM) allows for an evaluation of uncertainty in project completion times.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A type of organization that can result in inefficiencies because of duplication of resources across the organization is called
A)Pure project structure
B)Pure functional structure
C)Matrix structure
D)Product structure
Q3) Slack in an activity is computed as
A)ES - LS
B)EF - LF
C)LS - ES
D)LS - EF
Q4) Define critical path and explain how it is identified once a project schedule is calculated
Q5) Describe the four major steps in the project-planning process.
Q6) List at least (six principal factors contributors) to project success.
Q7) Explain the role of the project managers and some principles for success.
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Chapter 19: Work Measurement, Learning Curves, and Standards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A Performance Rating Factor PRF) of 130% means a worker is slow and needs 30% more time.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A manufacturer made a commitment to supply 20 units of a product. The first unit took 1,200 hours to make, the second unit took 900 hours and the third unit took 768 hours. Determine the total number of hours required to make the first ten (10) items.
Q3) The groups best suited to set work standards are managers with input from industrial engineers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Predetermined time standards are advantageous since they avoid needing multiple performance ratings.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the use of regression analysis in establishing standard times.
Q6) Unavoidable delays should not be included in time studies.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Queuing Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) When \(\lambda\) = \(\mu\), the operating characteristics are not defined, which means that these times and numbers of items grow infinitely large.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is not a psychological strategy for dealing with a long wait-time?
A)Distraction
B)Telling customers the length of the wait, which allows them to decide whether to wait or to come back another time
C)Displaying artwork
D)Technology
Q3) Which of the following cannot be found by queuing formulas?
A) the average number of units waiting for service
B) the average time a unit spends in the system
C) the probability that the service system is idle
D) the maximum time a unit is in the system
Q4) Describe at least four queue disciplines.
Q5) Discuss three categories of information necessary to analyze a waiting line.
Q6) Discuss the seven key assumptions for the multiple-server waiting line model.
Page 22
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Chapter 21: Modeling Using Linear Programming
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Q1) Any particular combination of decision variables is referred to as an) ____.
A)Objective
B)Solution
C)Constraint
D)Optimization
Q2) The Northwest Flower Company owns a greenhouse, which furnishes roses and carnations to florists in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. The greenhouse can grow any combination of the two flowers. They sell the flowers in "bunches" with 25 blooms to a bunch. They have 10,000 square feet available for planting this year. Each bunch of roses takes about 4 square feet and each bunch of carnations about 5 square feet. Special fertilizer is required for flowers: roses need 5 pounds and carnations 2 pounds. The availability of the fertilizer is limited to 5000 pounds. Sales commitments require the company to grow at least 500 bunches of roses. Profit contributions are $6 per bunch of roses and $8 per bunch of carnations.
a. What is the objective function if the company wants to maximize its profits?
b. What is the constraint for the square footage assuming X1 corresponds to roses?
c. What is the optimal solution point for this problem?
d. What is the optimal value of the objective function?
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Chapter 22: Simulation
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Q1) Explain the major differences between a fixed-time and a next-event simulation model. Include advantages and disadvantages of each.
Q2) Which of the following is not an advantage of simulation?
A)Convenient experimental laboratory
B)Can perform 'what-if' studies
C)Don't have to disturb current process
D)Yields optimal solution
Q3) It doesn't make sense to use simulation for waiting-line problems since queuing models give optimal solutions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Face validity involves asking people familiar with the real system to evaluate the assumptions and logic of a model.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss three advantages and three disadvantages of simulation models.
Q6) Under what situation would an analytical queuing model be used? When would a simulation model be used?
Q7) Define simulation and give some operations management examples.
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Chapter 23: Work Measurement, Learning Curves, and Standards
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Q1) Decision analysis situations often have multiple objectives.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe how the following criteria are applied to a decision problem in which the object is maximization.
a.Maximax
b.Maximin
c.Minimax regrets
Q3) Which of the following is not a similarity between a decision matrix and a decision tree?
A)Time
B)States of nature
C)Alternatives
D)Probabilities
Q4) In what type of situation would the expected monetary value criterion be useful? In what type situation would it not be useful?
Q5) The expected value of a decision alternative cannot be negative.
A)True
B)False
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