Programming Fundamentals
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Course Introduction
Programming Fundamentals introduces students to the essential concepts and constructs of computer programming. The course covers key topics such as variables, data types, control structures (including loops and conditionals), functions, and basic input/output operations. Students will gain hands-on experience with problem-solving, algorithm development, and code debugging while working with a contemporary programming language. By the end of the course, learners develop a solid foundation in programming principles that will prepare them for more advanced study in computer science and related fields.
Recommended Textbook C++ Programming From Problem Analysis to Program Design 6th Edition by
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D.S. Malik
Chapter 1: An Overview of Computers and Programming Languages
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____ consists of 65,536 characters.
A) ASCII-8
B) ASCII
C) Unicode
D) EBCDIC
Answer: C
Q2) The devices that feed data and programs into computers are called ____ devices.
A) entry
B) input
C) output
D) secondary
Answer: B
Q3) In object-oriented design, the first step in the problem-solving process is to identify the components called ____________________, which form the basis of the solution, and to determine how they interact with one another.
Answer: objects
Q4) To develop a program to solve a problem, you start by analyzing the problem.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Basic Elements of C
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Q1) In C++, reserved words are the same as predefined identifiers.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The length of the string "computer science" is ____.
A) 14
B) 15 C) 16
D) 18
Answer: C
Q3) A data type is called ____________________ if the variable or named constant of that type can store only one value at a time.
Answer: simple
Q4) A comma is also called a statement terminator.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) The ____________________ type is C++ 's method for allowing programmers to create their own simple data types.
Answer: enumeration
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Chapter 3: Inputoutput
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Q1) What is the output of the following statements? cout << "123456789012345678901234567890" << endl
Cout << setfill('#') << setw(10) << "Mickey" << setfill(' ') << setw(10) << "Donald" << setfill('*') << setw(10) << "Goofy" << endl;
A) 123456789012345678901234567890
####Mickey Donald*****Goofy
B) 123456789012345678901234567890
####Mickey####Donald*****Goofy
C) 123456789012345678901234567890
####Mickey####Donald#####Goofy
D) 23456789012345678901234567890
****Mickey####Donald#####Goofy
Answer: A
Q2) To use the manipulator setprecision, the program must include the header file
Answer: iomanip
Q3) C++ has a special name for the data types istream and ostream. They are called
Answer: classes
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Chapter 4: Control Structures I Selection
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose P and Q are logical expressions. The logical expression P && Q is true if both P and Q are true.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A control structure alters the normal sequential flow of execution in a program.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Every else must be paired with a(n) ____________________.
Q4) What is the value of x after the following statements execute? int x; X = (5 <= 3 && 'A' < 'F') ? 3 : 4
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
Q5) Assume you have three int variables: x = 2, y = 6, and z. Choose the value of z in the following expression: z = (y / x > 0) ? x : y;.
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 6
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Chapter 5: Control Structures II Repetition
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Q1) What is the output of the following C++ code? num = 10; while (num > 10)
\(\quad\)num = num - 2;
cout << num << endl;
A) 0
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10
Q2) The ____________________ loop has an exit condition but no entry condition.
Q3) In ____ structures, the computer repeats particular statements a certain number of times depending on some condition(s).
A) looping
B) branching
C) selection
D) sequence
Q4) The number of iterations of a counter-controlled loop is known in advance.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A semicolon at the end of the for statement (just before the body of the loop) is a(n) ____________________ error.
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Chapter 6: User-Defined Functions
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Q1) If a formal parameter is a nonconstant reference parameter, during a function call, its corresponding actual parameter must be a(n) ____________________.
Q2) Given the function prototype: float test(int, int, int);
Which of the following statements is legal?
A) cout << test(7, test(14, 23));
B) cout << test(test(7, 14), 23);
C) cout << test(14, 23);
D) cout << test(7, 14, 23);
Q3) Assume the following. static_cast<int>('a') = 97
Static_cast<int>('A') = 65
The output of the statement:
Cout << static_cast<int>(tolower('B')) << endl; is ____.
A) 65
B) 67
C) 96
D) 98
Q4) A(n) ____________________ parameter s a formal parameter that receives a copy of the content of the corresponding actual parameter.
Q5) In C++, :: is called the ____________________.
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Chapter 7: User-Defined Simple Data Types, Namespaces, and
the String Type
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Sample Questions
Q1) The length of the string "Hello There. " is ____.
A) 11
B) 12
C) 13
D) 14
Q2) Which of the following statements creates an anonymous type?
A) enum grades {A, B, C, D, F};
B) enum grades {};
C) enum {};
D) enum {A, B, C, D, F} grades;
Q3) In C++, you can create aliases to a previously defined data type by using the ____ statement.
A) typedef
B) using C) namespace
D) alias
Q4) The data type string has a named constant, ____________________, associated with it.
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Q5) The string expression strVar.____________________ inserts all the characters of str at index pos into strVar.
Chapter 8: Arrays and Strings
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Q1) In a two-dimensional array, the elements are arranged in a table form.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In C++, the null character is represented as ____.
A) '\0'
B) "\0"
C) '0'
D) "0"
Q3) What is the value of alpha[2] after the following code executes? int alpha[5]; Int j;
For (j = 0; j < 5; j++)
Alpha[j] = 2 * j + 1;
A) 1
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
Q4) The word ____________________ is used before the array declaration in a function heading to prevent the function from modifying the array.
Q5) The function ____________________ returns the length of the string s, excluding the null character.
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Chapter 9: Records Structs
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Q1) Which of the following struct definitions is correct in C++?
A) struct studentType
{ \(\quad\)int ID; };
B) struct studentType
{ \(\quad\)string name; \(\quad\)int ID; \(\quad\)double gpa;
C) int struct studentType
{ \(\quad\)ID; }
D) struct studentType
{ \(\quad\)int ID = 1;
Q2) Both arrays and structs are examples of ____________________ data types.
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Chapter 10: Classes and Data Abstraction
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Q1) A class object can be ____. That is, it can be created once, when the control reaches its declaration, and destroyed when the program terminates.
A) static
B) automatic
C) local
D) public
Q2) A ____ sign in front of a member name on a UML diagram indicates that this member is a public member.
A) +
B) -
C) #
D) $
Q3) You can use arithmetic operators to perform arithmetic operations on class objects. A)True
B)False
Q4) A(n) ____________________ function of a class changes the values of the member variable(s) of the class.
Q5) By default, all members of a class are ____________________.
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Chapter 11: Inheritance and Composition
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Q1) In multiple inheritance, the derived class has more than one base class.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the case of composition, the ____________________ name is used to invoke the constructor.
Q3) If inheritance is public, all protected members of the base class are ____________________ members of the derived class.
Q4) The ____ members of an object form its external state.
A) private
B) public
C) protected
D) static
Q5) To ____ a public member function of a base class in the derived class, the corresponding function in the derived class must have the same name, number, and types of parameters.
A) redefine
B) overload
C) rename
D) reuse
Q6) Objects are created when ____________________ variables are declared.
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Chapter 12: Pointers, Classes, Virtual Functions, and
Abstract Classes
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Q1) If p is a pointer variable, the statement p = p + 1; is valid in C++.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The C++ operator ____ is used to create dynamic variables. A) dynamic B) new C) virtual D) dereferencing
Q3) Once a class contains one or more pure virtual functions, then that class is called a(n) ____________________ class.
Q4) Given the declaration int *p;
The statement p = new int[50]; dynamically allocates an array of 50 components of type int and p contains the base address of the array.
A)True B)False
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Q5) The statement that declares board to be a pointer to a pointer is: int ____________________;
Chapter 13: Overloading and Templates
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Q1) A class template is called a(n) ____________________ type because it specifies how a generic class template is to be customized to form a specific template class.
Q2) Which of the following function prototypes overloads the != operator for the class rectangleType?
A) bool operator!=(rectangle&) const;
B) bool operator!=(const rectangleType&) const;
C) int operator!=(const rectangleType) const;
D) int operator!=(rectangle&) const;
Q3) Using a class template, you can write a single code segment for a set of related ____.
A) classes
B) functions
C) operators
D) constructors
Q4) Class templates are called ____ types.
A) polymorphic
B) structured
C) member
D) parameterized
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Chapter 14: Exception Handling
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Q1) When an exception is thrown in a function, the function can do the following: ____________________; partially process the exception and throw the same exception or a new exception; or throw a new exception.
Q2) The string concatenation operator is represented by the ____________________ symbol.
Q3) Throwing an exception is typically done using the ____________________ statement.
Q4) If, during program execution, division by ____________________ occurs with integer values and is not addressed by the program, the program might terminate with an error message or might simply hang.
Q5) To use the assert function in your program, you should include the statement ____. A) #include <assert> B) #include <cassert> C) #include <iostream> D) #include <exception>
Q6) One of the typical ways of dealing with exceptions is to use an if statement. A)True B)False
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Chapter 15: Recursion
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Q1) If every recursive call results in another recursive call, then the recursive function (algorithm) is said to have ____ recursion.
A) unlimited
B) indefinite
C) infinite
D) tail
Q2) You can use a recursive algorithm to find the largest element in an array.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A recursive function in which the last statement executed is the recursive call is called a(n) ____ recursive function.
A) direct
B) tail
C) indefinite
D) indirect
Q4) Let x be an integer. We call the ____________________ of x after division by 2 the rightmost bit of x.
Q5) If a function A calls a function B and function B calls function A, then function A is ____________________ recursive.
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Chapter 16: Searching, Sorting and the Vector Type
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Q1) The type vector provides the function ____________________, which returns the first element in the vector object.
Q2) In a bubble sort for list of length n, the first step is to compare elements ____.
A) list[0] and list[n]
B) list[0] and list[n-1]
C) list[0] and list[1]
D) list[n-1] and list[n+1]
Q3) A variable declared using the vector type is called a ____.
A) vector element
B) vector array
C) vector list
D) vector container
Q4) For a list size of 1000, on average, the sequential search makes about ____________________ key comparisons.
Q5) Assume that n = 1000. To sort the list, insertion sort makes about 250,000 item assignments.
A)True
B)False
Q6) In order to apply a(n) ____________________ search, the list must be sorted.
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Chapter 17: Linked Lists
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Q1) The steps involved in inserting a new item at the beginning of an unordered linked list are ____.
A) 1. Create a new node. 2. Insert the node before first.
3) Increment the counter by 1.
B) 1. Create a new node. 2. Store the new item in the new node.
3) Insert the node before first.
4) Increment the counter by 1.
C) 1. Create a new node. 2. Store the new item in the new node.
3) Insert the node before first.
D) 1. Create a new node. 2. Store the new item in the new node.
3) Insert the node before first.
4) Decrement the counter by 1.
Q2) Linked lists allow you to overcome the size limitations of an array data type.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A linked list is a random access data structure.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In C++, the dereferencing operator is ____________________.
Q5) In a linked list, the link component of each node is a(n)
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Chapter 18: Stacks and Queues
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Q1) What is the output of the following code? stackType<int> stack; int x, y; x = 4; y = 2; stack.push(6); stack.push(x); stack.push(x + 1); y = stack.top(); stack.pop(); stack.push(x + y); x = stack.top(); stack.pop();
cout << "x = " << x << endl;
A) x = 4
B) x = 5
C) x = 6
D) x = 9
Q2) The ____________________ constructor is called when a stack object is passed as a (value) parameter to a function.
Q3) An array is a(n) ____________________ access data structure.
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