Professional Issues in Counseling Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Professional Issues in Counseling examines the ethical, legal, and professional responsibilities integral to the practice of counseling. The course explores key topics such as confidentiality, counselor-client boundaries, multicultural competency, licensure requirements, supervision, professional organizations, and current trends in the field. Through case studies, discussion, and review of relevant codes of ethics, students develop critical thinking skills to navigate complex situations they may encounter in professional settings, and establish a strong foundation for ethical and effective counseling practice.
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Ethics in Counseling and Therapy Developing an Ethical Identity 1st Edition by Rick
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Page 2
A. Houser
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) Ethical standards are self-imposed regulations that provide concrete guidelines for professional behavior and attempt to specify the nature of the ethical responsibilities of the members, at least minimally
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q2) Simply using professional codes and/or laws to guide practice is ________ and does not provide a solid foundation to make ethical decisions that are founded on sound ethical reasoning.
A) comforting
B) limiting
C) encouraging
D) reassuring Answer: B
Q3) Ethics are founded in part on _________ and religious beliefs.
A) Social
B) Cultural
C) Educational
D) Pedagogic Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Professional Identity and Ethics
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Q1) Erik Erickson (1968) has made significant contributions to the identification and understanding of personal self-identity
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) This refers to an identity of belonging to a group.
A) Intragroup identity
B) Intergroup identity
C) Group membership
D) Individual identity
Answer: C
Q3) Rest, Narvaez, Bebeau, and Thoma (1999a) developed a measure to assess moral development based on Kohlberg's theory. This measure is called the:
A) ITO
B) TID
C) DIT
D) DIO
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Awareness and Sensitivity to Ethical Issues
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Q1) Researchers have noted that moral sensitivity is somewhat a function of empathic ability.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) ___________ (1957) first introduced cognitive dissonance theory, which states that when there is a difference between cognitions and behavior, there is dissonance and discomfort.
A) Festinger
B) Bazemore
C) Erikson
D) Wright
Answer: A
Q3) __________, empathy involves understanding the emotions of others.
A) psychologically
B) cognitively
C) affectively.
D) socially
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Cognitions and Reasoninghermeneutics
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Q1) The U.S. Census Bureau (2004) estimates that if demographic data follow recent trends, during the period of 2000 to 2050, the outcome will be that the ________ population will be the slowest growing racial group and will be reduced by 10% overall in total population by 2050.
A) White
B) Asian
C) Hispanic
D) American Indian
Q2) Discuss the anticipated shifts in U.S. demographics by the year 2050. How will this impact the counseling profession?
Q3) For a person to be determined not competent to make an informed choice, there needs to be a judicially determined decision.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the Houser et al. model, the interaction is between parts, for example, professional codes of ethics, and the ethical dilemma as well as the whole.
A)True
B)False
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6
Chapter 5: Client Autonomy and Client Rights
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Q1) Indicating its importance, the last code in the ACA Code of Ethics (American Counseling Association, 2005) states, "The primary responsibility of counselors is to respect the dignity and to promote the welfare of clients".
A)True
B)False
Q2) Consent and informed consent originated within medicine, and therefore they have a relatively long history.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _________________ of 1946 provided insight into the importance of providing informed consent prior to participating in medical procedures.
A) The Bavaria War Crimes Tribunal
B) The Franconia War Crimes Tribunal
C) The Pegnitz War Crimes Tribunal
D) The Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal
Q4) One can trace the history of consent back to ancient China.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss autonomy as it relates to informed consent.
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Chapter 6: Dual Relationships
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Q1) Boundaries may include not just physical boundaries that are commonly associated with ethical violations such as sexual contact between counselor and client.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Zur proposed that _________ tend to avoid touch because there can be easy misunderstandings of the intent of touch, for example, sexual intentions.
A) Russians
B) Germans
C) Americans
D) Canadians
Q3) Inherent in counselors' professional role is their decreased level of power and influence.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The ACA Code of Ethics does not provide insight and direction concerning dual relationships.
A)True
B)False
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Counselor Competence
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Q1) _________competencies concern what the counselor may do or how he or she may act in practice.
A) Functional
B) Foundational
C) Practical
D) Realistic
Q2) Counselors who report good supervision indicate they have higher levels of counselor burnout/counselor fatigue syndrome.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The process of physical and emotional depletion resulting from conditions at work or, more concisely, prolonged job stress is referred to as:
A) counselor pressure
B) counselor stress
C) counselor burnout
D) counselor depletion
Q4) Discuss self-reflection and why it is important in counseling.
Q5) Discuss three of the five stages of the stages of counselor development.
Q6) What is assessment and how is it used in counseling?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Diversity and Multicultural Competence
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Q1) Diversity encompasses the term multiculturalism, which is focused on differences based on race and ethnicity.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Characteristics of __________ families include valuing the extended family, providing support among family members, and taking shared responsibility for child rearing within the family, including the extended family.
A) Asian American
B) African American
C) Caucasian
D) Hispanic
Q3) Balcazar, Suarez-Balcazar, and Taylor-Ritzler (2009) suggested there are four elements of diversity and multicultural competence including all but which:
A) Self-awareness
B) Cultural knowledge
C) Ability to communicate understanding through empathy
D) Referring clients out if the counselor is prejudice towards a certain population
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Chapter 9: Use of Technology and Ethics
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Q1) Discuss the concerns and ethical issues that have been raised about online counseling.
Q2) An example of tests administered through computers is the _________.
A) MTIM
B) MPIM
C) MMPI
D) MDRI
Q3) In 1995 it was difficult to find an online counselor; however, 5 years later there were more than 2,000 online clinics and more than 8,000 therapists listed as providing online counseling.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Murphy and Mitchell (1998) coined the term "_________" to describe the use of e-mail as part of counseling practice.
A) therap-e-mail
B) e-counseling
C) e-therapy
D) e-processing
Q5) Describe the use of CAI programs.
Q6) How can fear of flying be treated through virtual reality?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Supervision and Ethics
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Q1) Ronnestad and Skovholt (2003) proposed that the primary task of this phase is the development of an integrated and congruent perspective between a counseling role and self-perceptions and personal values.
A) lay helper
B) novice professional
C) experienced professional
D) senior professional
Q2) ACES identified _____ standards for counseling supervisors; these standards are identified in terms of personal traits, knowledge, and competencies.
A) 5
B) 11
C) 21
D) 17
Q3) There has been a considerable amount of writing about counseling supervision during the past ____ years.
A) 30
B) 50
C) 60
D) 70
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Ethical Use of Research in Counseling Practice
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Q1) There is an assumption in counseling that counselors' efforts are always positive and, because they are for the most part well intentioned, do not result in harm.
A)True
B)False
Q2) This is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences.
A) EBP
B) PBE
C) BPE
D) EPB
Q3) The fourth principle in using EBP, according to Rousseau and McCarthy, is:
A) Focus on principles where the science is clear
B) Use of colleagues applying research evidence in practice
C) Develop decision awareness in professional practice
D) Focus on the identification of underlying factors that involve practice decisions
Q4) There is evidence that counseling cannot cause harm.
A)True
B)False
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Professional Codes of Ethics and the Law
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Q1) There are two major types of laws that potentially affect counselors:
A) Civil and Statutory
B) Civil and Criminal
C) Criminal and Common
D) Statutory and Common
Q2) One criminal behavior that counselors have engaged in is fraudulent billing for client services.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Duty to warn and the laws and court decisions associated with it fit into the hermeneutic model under review of local, state, and federal laws.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Some states have _________ laws against having sex with patients, regardless of age.
A) Common
B) Civil
C) Criminal
D) Statutory
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Chapter 13: Western Theories of Ethics
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Q1) Compare and contrast the ethical concepts for Virtue Ethics.
Q2) This focuses on moral character and attends to the characteristics of the individual that lead to moral actions.
A) Common ethics
B) Virtue ethics
C) Moral ethics
D) Counseling ethics
Q3) This is based primarily on an assessment of the specific circumstance(s) that occur, most often a one-time event.
A) Performance utilitarianism
B) Act utilitarianism
C) Rule utilitarianism
D) Regulation utilitarianism
Q4) Keeping a promise-maintaining confidentiality:
A) fidelity
B) benevolence
C) justice
D) autonomy
Q5) Give a brief overview of Feminist Ethics.
Q6) Discuss the history of virtue ethics.
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Chapter 14: Eastern Theories of Ethics
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Q1) The history of Confucianism dates back more than _______ years.
A) 1,000
B) 2,000
C) 3,000
D) 4,000
Q2) Creel (1977) noted that ethics is a Western term, whereas in Sanskrit, there is no clear differentiation between religion and ethics or between philosophy and ethics.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The yang is considered the receptive and weaker aspect of the union between yin and yang
A)True
B)False
Q4) Three main sources of ethical thinking in Asian cultures include all but what:
A) Confucianism
B) Buddhism
C) Hinduism
D) Taoism
Q5) What is "The Middle Way" according to Buddhism?
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Chapter 15: Middle Eastern Ethical Theories
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Q1) Major concepts presented in the Talmud focus on five prohibitions relevant to Judaic ethics including all but which:
A) gluttony
B) robbery
C) blasphemy
D) idolatry
Q2) These acts are those that potentially help others or remove harm.
A) Good or required acts
B) Undesirable acts
C) Neutral acts
D) Desirable acts
Q3) _________is based on the intent of the actor; it refers to motivation or intent.
A) Justice
B) Benefit
C) Truthfulness
D) Willing good
Q4) It has been projected that Islam will become the second-largest religious group in the United States.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Native American, Hispaniclatino, and African Ethics
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Q1) There were ____ million Native Americans prior to the entrance of Europeans into the Native Americans' world.
A) 112
B) 20
C) 5
D) 80
Q2) Discuss the importance of respect for other people in Native American ethics.
Q3) Africans as a whole are composed of groups from various tribes and groups from Africa with various influences and characteristics that may influence ethics and morality including all but which:
A) Bushmen
B) Nilotic
C) Swahili
D) Rentorins
Q4) This term refers to masculine chivalry in Hispanic/Latino cultures.
A) Familismo
B) Caballerismo
C) Marianismo
D) Masculinismo
Page 18
Q5) Compare and contrast the origins of Hispanic and Latino cultures.
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