Professional Communication
Final Exam
Course Introduction
Professional Communication focuses on the development of effective oral, written, and interpersonal communication skills essential for success in the modern workplace. The course covers topics such as business correspondence, report writing, presentations, digital communication tools, and cross-cultural communication. Emphasis is placed on clarity, organization, audience awareness, and tone in professional interactions. Students engage in practical exercises and collaborative projects designed to enhance their ability to communicate clearly, ethically, and professionally in a variety of business and organizational contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Stand Up Speak Out The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking v2.0 by Jason S. Wrench
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Why Public Speaking Matters Today
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Sample Questions
Q1) Differentiate between the transactional model and dialogical model of communication.
Answer: The basic premise of the transactional model is that individuals are sending and receiving messages at the same time.However,Ronald Arnett and Pat Arneson proposed that all communication,even public speaking,could be viewed as a dialogue.The dialogic theory is based on three overarching principles:1.Dialogue is more natural than monologue;2.Meanings are in people not words;3.Contexts and social situations impact perceived meanings.
Q2) Alice is watching a speech over the internet.What type of message is Alice attending to?
A)verbal message
B)nonverbal message
C)mediated message
D)deliberative message
E)sequential message
Answer: C
Q3) Listening to a speech through the radio is an example of ___________ communication.
Answer: mediated
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Ethics Matters: Understanding the Ethics of Public Speaking
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how Morse et al.v.Frederick limited student free speech.How do you think this could affect individuals engaged in public speaking?
Answer: In this case,a high school student held up a sign reading "Bong Hits 4 Jesus" across from the school during the 2002 Olympic Torch Relay.The principal suspended the teenager,and the teen sued the principal for violating his First Amendment rights.Ultimately,the court decided that the principal had the right to suspend the student because he was advocating illegal behavior. Answers will vary.
Q2) Having ethical intentions is all that's necessary toward giving an ethical speech. A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q3) Ethical listeners do not allow new ideas to influence them. A)True B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The concepts of intent,means,and ends are part of the __________
Answer: ethical pyramid
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Speaking Confidently
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Sample Questions
Q1) What part does the preparation of a speech play in reducing anxiety?
Answer: Although no one can see into the future and predict everything that will happen during a speech,every speaker can and should prepare so that the "unknowns" of the speech event are kept to a minimum.You can do this by gaining as much knowledge as possible about whom you will be addressing,what you will say,how you will say it,and where the speech will take place.Taking these steps will help reduce the anxiety of the speaker.
Q2) __________________ can help you cope with most kinds of speaking anxiety. Answer: practice or experience
Q3) You should never think about what can possibly go wrong as a public speaker. A)True B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Humor is difficult to use because it requires a good sense of _____________.
Answer: timing
Q5) The unique combination of physical,cultural,and social-psychological factors produces ____________ anxiety.
Answer: situational
Q6) One strategy for managing anxiety is the use of ____________ self-talk.
Answer: positive
Page 5
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Chapter 4: The Importance of Listening
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Sample Questions
Q1) Listener (or receiver)apprehension is defined as:
A)anxiety about the listener's ability to understand the message.
B)concern about having a chance to meet the speaker after the speech.
C)a listener's worry about finding a seat near the back of the room.
D)worry about avoiding the attention of the speaker.
E)worry about hearing a potentially embarrassing topic.
Q2) Listening can help you be a good public speaker because you'll:
A)discover ways to focus attention back to audience members.
B)find out how to handle your note cards while maintaining eye contact.
C)learn how to command the attention of a restless audience.
D)learn how to pronounce words and names you have only seen in print.
E)notice how effective arguments are constructed.
Q3) A time-oriented listener wants a speech to begin and end on time.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An action-oriented listener is a listener who wants a dynamic speaker.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Verbal and nonverbal responses from the audience during the speech are __________________ feedback.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Audience Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Knowing your audience can help you deliver content that will be more meaningful and persuasive for a given audience.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Information about an audience's attitudes and opinions is called ________________ analysis.
Q3) The age range in an audience is also an important consideration because:
A)as a speaker,you must decide who to address and who to ignore.
B)audience members prefer to listen to speakers of their own age group.
C)elderly people with hearing loss might not get much out of the speech.
D)people of different ages have experienced different world events.
E)you must paraphrase your remarks to accommodate each age grouping.
Q4) Using preexisting data about an audience is not appropriate for an audience analysis.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is credibility,and how is it created?
Q6) Controversial topics are to be avoided at all costs.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Finding a Purpose and Selecting a Topic
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a statement that starts with a general purpose and is followed by a specification of one's audience,the actual topic a speaker has chosen,and the basic objective the speaker hopes to accomplish with the speech?
A)general purpose
B)thesis statement
C)specific purpose
D)thesis idea
E)general idea
Q2) Manipulative persuasion occurs when the speaker:
A)cites knowledgeable people who have done research in the same area.
B)discloses his or her honest reasons for proposing a particular change.
C)disguises or hides his or her ulterior reasons for proposing a particular change.
D)provides a real-life case study to show the benefits of the proposed change.
E)provides a slogan or rhyme to help the audience remember the message.
Q3) ___________ ___________ are among the most common constraints for students in a public speaking course.
Q4) A common error is narrowing a topic insufficiently for the _______ _______.
Q5) Why is manipulative persuasion unethical?
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Chapter 7: Researching Your Speech
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the difference between primary research and secondary research using specific examples.
Q2) Research is a ________________,not an event.
Q3) What is generalizability?
Q4) Information sources written for a general audience are _______________ sources.
Q5) You can get help with your research by seeing a ________________ librarian.
Q6) When is it appropriate to use a website as a research tool?
Q7) If many academic writers have cited the source you're using,you can safely assume it's widely accepted.
A)True B)False
Q8) Putting together a string of quotations and ideas into a speech is called ________________.
Q9) Saying that research is a process,not an event,means:
A)that a great deal of research is done before a topic is chosen. B)that part of doing research is compiling a lengthy list of sources.
C)the process of research is never over;there is no end point.
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D)reference librarians require a great deal of attention from students.
E)the steps taken to do research require an investment of time.
Q10) What is your main responsibility when you paraphrase someone else?
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Chapter 8: Supporting Ideas and Building Arguments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how a speaker can avoid misusing statistics.Provide an example.
Q2) Eyewitness testimony is used because:
A)it adds vividness to the speech and maintains audience attention.
B)it is more interesting and illustrative than other kinds of evidence.
C)it is the most reliable kind of information because it is firsthand.
D)it is provided by someone who has direct contact with a phenomenon.
E)the speaker can reword it to clarify it and improve its effectiveness.
Q3) Current,cutting-edge sources are mandatory for all topics.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is objectivity?
Q5) A source can be trusted if nobody identifies her- or himself as the author. A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the three types of narratives and when they would be most useful in a speech as a form of evidence.
Q7) When does the currency of a source matter?
Q8) A _____________ definition is assigned to a term by the person who coined it.
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Q9) Name three of the six types of supportive examples and briefly explain how they are used.
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Chapter 9: Introductions Matter: How to Begin a Speech
Effectively
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the basic functions of a thesis statement is:
A)defining the specific meanings of the terms you will use.
B)getting attention so you won't have to repeat anything.
C)identifying hostile and disruptive members of the audience.
D)letting the audience know what you will be talking about.
E)making sure the audience will be receptive to your message.
Q2) Name and explain each of the four factors that must be considered in choosing a specific attention-getting device.
Q3) The _________ of your speech tells the audience what the speech is about.
Q4) A strong,clear ________ will prepare your audience effectively for the points of your speech.
Q5) If you are a recognized expert on your topic,you can:
A)ask for a show of hands indicating past experience.
B)clearly explain why you are competent about your topic.
C)present an abbreviated version of your work experience.
D)refer to various important people who will back you up.
E)simply insist that you are an expert in your own right.
Q7) Why would a speaker use a rhetorical question to begin a speech? Page 13
Q6) Using a developed example,explain the components and functions of an introduction.
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Page 14
Chapter 10: Creating the Body of a Speech
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Sample Questions
Q1) A transition is a sentence or phrase in which the speaker:
A)distinguishes the differences between two of the main points.
B)moves from one topic to another,unrelated purpose and topic.
C)reminds the audience that their understanding is important.
D)summarizes what was said and previews what will come next.
E)tells listeners how he or she became an expert on a specific point.
Q2) Signposts are used to:
A)cite the source of evidence or information.
B)help listeners follow along during a speech.
C)guide listeners toward the conclusion.
D)make the information more memorable.
E)persuade listeners to trust the speaker.
Q3) The ____________ speech pattern organizes information according to how things fit together in physical space.
Q4) The function of the phrase,"in other words," is:
A)consequence.
B)exemplifying.
C)generalizing.
D)restatement.
E)summarizing.
Page 15
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Chapter 11: Concluding With Power
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Q1) Explain the serial position effect and its importance to public speaking.
Q2) When a speech has an ineffective ending:
A)listeners will be understanding and thank the speaker.
B)a speaker can hide it by asking if there are any questions.
C)the speaker should apologize and thank the audience.
D)the speech loses energy and the audience is disappointed.
E)the strength of the speech's message makes up for it.
Q3) Restating your thesis in the conclusion:
A)is an exact,word-for-word repetition of your thesis statement.
B)reminds listeners of the major purpose or goal of the speech.
C)signals your steadfast,unshakable commitment to your beliefs.
D)tells the audience you have stayed on message consistently.
E)will most likely be boring to even the most interested listeners.
Q4) A good conclusion gently tapers off at the end.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A speech that falls apart at the end will tend to disappoint listeners.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The position near the beginning of a speech is referred to as
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Chapter 12: Outlining
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adequacy in an outline can be built by:
A)clearly defining terms and supporting main points.
B)developing your credibility in the introduction.
C)including good previews and internal summaries.
D)maintaining constant eye contact with listeners.
E)rehearsing several times with a speaking outline.
Q2) Authoritative sources:
A)contain information that you can use in a speech on any topic.
B)are highly respected sources that people commonly acknowledge.
C)are prominent spokespersons who support and promote complex ideas.
D)take a long time to reach conclusions and tend to be true but outdated.
E)use factually verifiable observations to provide rigorous conclusions.
Q3) Explain what a speaking outline is,and how it differs from a sentence outline.
Q4) Create a sentence outline for a persuasive speech on fundraising for your favorite on-campus group.
Q5) Differentiate among the five principles that make a logical outline.
Q6) Explain what a transition is,and give an example that includes a transition.Underline the transition.
Q7) ______________ allows you to check for inconsistencies and self-contradictory statements.
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Chapter 13: The Importance of Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________ language avoids placing any one group of people above or below others.
Q2) What are three of the differences between written language and oral language?
Q3) What are connotative meanings? Give an example showing a variety of ways in which a single word can be understood.
Q4) The use of real-life examples is one way to be concrete.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are denotative meanings?
Q6) What do we mean when we refer to inclusive language?
Q7) Explain some of the differences between reading and listening.What does this imply that public speakers should do?
Q8) Obscure language is language that:
A)challenges an audience to contemplate new ideas. B)contributes to a speaker's credibility and effectiveness. C)most audience members are unlikely to understand.
D)persuades audiences that the speaker is intellectual.
E)presents ideas from a new or unusual perspective.
Q9) We convey ideas and meanings through __________________.
Q10) What is obscure language? What can public speakers do about it? Give an Page 18
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Chapter 14: Delivering the Speech
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Sample Questions
Q1) In an extemporaneous speech you:
A)engage your audience with your message,eye contact,facial expressions,and gestures.
B)follow exactly your carefully planned sequence of words and ideas.
C)infuse the speech with informal language in order to sound relaxed.
D)memorize your speech so you can make continuous,full eye contact.
E)refuse to allow audience response to interfere with your presentation.
Q2) Memorized speaking is:
A)a careful word-for-word reading of a prepared message.
B)delivery of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech using notes.
C)the rote recitation of a prepared and memorized message.
D)the presentation of a short message with no advance preparation.
E)speaking that emphasizes meanings through subtle vocal cues.
Q3) Eye contact is achieved when a speaker:
A)can get the audience to believe he or she is looking at them.
B)can make visual contact with everyone in the audience.
C)glances around the room during transitions between points.
D)is able to sweep his or her gaze around the entire room.
E)memorizes a speech and doesn't need to rely on any notes.
Q4) What are the potential disadvantages of using a microphone?
Page 20
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Chapter 15: Presentation Aids: Design and Usage
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Q1) Presentation aids should be large and easy to understand.
A)True
B)False
Q2) You should avoid putting too much _____________ on a presentation aid.
Q3) When you use a map as a presentation aid:
A)choose a map focused on a specific area.
B)hold an atlas open to a map you want to show.
C)provide a wide view by using a world map.
D)show a familiar map such as a highway map.
E)use heavy lines to outline all the map's features.
Q4) You should never assume the audience needs you to explain a presentation aid.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In using video or audio recordings:
A)allow these materials to do about half the work for you.
B)avoid telling listeners where you found the materials.
C)point to the audio or video player during the best parts.
D)stand next to the audio or video player while it plays.
E)use clips that are proportional to the length of your speech.
Q6) Video presentation aids may take up to ____________% of your speech.
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Chapter 16: Informative Speaking
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Q1) Why is it important for speakers to adjust complexity to the audience?
Q2) What type of informative speech examines people,institutions,places,substances,and inanimate things?
A)concepts
B)events
C)objects
D)people
E)process
Q3) Differentiate among the three goals of public speaking.
Q4) Fatima is delivering a speech on two types of relational abusers: pit-bulls and cobras.What type of informative speech is Fatima giving?
A)concepts
B)events
C)objects
D)people
E)process
Q5) According to Katherine Rowan's Three Sources of Audience Confusion,a ___________ ___________ demonstrates how an implicit theory is limited and concludes by presenting the accepted explanation and describing why that explanation is better.
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Chapter 17: Persuasive Speaking
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Sample Questions
Q1) Are core or dispositional beliefs harder to alter in a persuasion attempt? Why?
Q2) Explain Muzafer Sherif and Carl Hovland's (1961)social judgment theory.
Q3) A problem-cause-solution speech format has a speaker weigh the problems and causes of two or more items or ideas.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the satisfaction step of Monroe's motivated sequence,an explanation occurs when a speaker explains the attitude,value,belief,or action the speaker wants her or his audience to accept.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Create a persuasive speech outline using the problem-cause-solution method for persuasive speaking for a problem you see in your community.
Q6) What is a persuasive claim advocating a judgment about something?
A)belief
B)definitional
C)factual
D)policy
E)value
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Chapter 18: Speaking to Entertain
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term "entertainment" in entertaining speaking refers to what key aspects?
A)humor and action
B)drama and humor
C)drama and action
D)surprise and humor
E)action and surprise
Q2) A __________ __________ is an agency that represents celebrity and professional speakers.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a tip for using humor in a speech?
A)personalize or localize humor when possible
B)be clear about which words need emphasis with verbal humor
C)always apologize if a humorous anecdote doesn't get laughs
D)know when to stop joking and be serious
E)don't try to use humor that you don't know well
Q4) A ____________ speech is a type of motivational speech designed to incorporate religious ideals into a motivational package to inspire an audience into thinking about or changing aspects of their religious lives.
Q5) Of the four ingredients to effective entertaining speeches,which one do you think is the most important to remember? Why?
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Chapter 19: Your First Speech
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two important aspects related to practicing a speech are verbal and visual delivery.
A)True
B)False
Q2) After-dinner speeches are speeches that contain light-hearted messages and are delivered in a lively,amusing manner.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The first thing a speaker should determine when starting to write a speech is what the ______________ of the speech will be.
Q4) Three important types of nonverbal delivery during a speech are:
A)eye contact,vocal cues,and movement.
B)smiling,vocal cues,and posture.
C)eye contact,gestures,and movement.
D)eye contact,smiling,and movement.
E)eye contact,vocal cues,and posture.
Q5) Describe two fundamental aspects of practicing a speech.
Q6) What are some of the questions a speaker should ask him or herself when conducting an audience analysis?
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