Production and Operations Analysis
Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Production and Operations Analysis explores the fundamental concepts and analytical techniques used to design, operate, and improve production and service systems. The course covers topics such as process analysis, capacity planning, inventory management, forecasting, quality control, supply chain coordination, and project scheduling. Students will learn to apply quantitative models and decision-making tools to optimize resource allocation, streamline operations, and enhance organizational efficiency. Emphasis is placed on real-world problem-solving and the strategic role of operations in gaining competitive advantage across various industries.
Recommended Textbook
Spreadsheet Modeling and Decision Analysis 7th Edition by Cliff Ragsdale
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Modeling and Decision Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true of "What if?" analysis?
A)A well-designed spreadsheet facilitates "What if?" analysis.
B)It is not very useful when working with non mathematical models.
C)"What if?" analysis is an efficient optimization technique.
D)"What if?" analysis is useful in creating a well-defined problem statement.
Answer: A
Q2) A situation when decision quality is good and the resulting outcome quality is good is referred to as
A)pure luck.
B)deserved success.
C)dumb luck.
D)poetic justice.
Answer: B
Q3) A factor that plays a role in determining whether a good or bad outcome occurs is called
A)luck.
B)intuition.
C)certainty.
D)predictability.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Introduction to Optimization and Linear Programming
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Sample Questions
Q1) Linear programming problems have
A)linear objective functions,non-linear constraints.
B)non-linear objective functions,non-linear constraints.
C)non-linear objective functions,linear constraints.
D)linear objective functions,linear constraints.
Answer: D
Q2) For an infeasible problem,the feasible region:
A)is an empty set
B)has infinite number of feasible solutions
C)has only one optimal solution
D)is unbounded
Answer: A
Q3) The desire to maximize profits is an example of an)
A)decision.
B)constraint.
C)objective.
D)parameter.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Modeling and Solving Lp Problems in a Spreadsheet
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Sample Questions
Q1) Refer to Exhibit 3.5.What formula should be entered in cell C6 in the accompanying Excel spreadsheet to compute ending inventory?
A)=C3-C4+C5
B)=C3+C4-C5
C)=C3-C4-C5)
D)=C5-C4-C3
Answer: B
Q2) Problems which have only integer solutions are called
A)discrete programming problems
B)integer programming problems
C)discrete programming problems.
D)infeasible programming problems
Answer: B
Q3) Refer to Exhibit 3.2.Which cells should be changing cells in this problem?
A)B4:C4
B)E5
C)D8:D10
D)E8:E10
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Sensitivity Analysis and the Simplex Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) The difference between the right-hand side RHS)values of the constraints and the final optimal)value assumed by the left-hand side LHS)formula for each constraint is called the slack and is found in the
A)Status report
B)Slack report
C)Results report
D)Cell Value report
Q2) What needs to be done to the two constraints in order to convert the problem to a standard form?
MAX: <sup>8 X</sup><sub>1 </sub><sup>+ 4 X</sup><sub>2</sub>
Subject to: <sup>5 X</sup><sub>1 </sub><sup>+ 5 X</sup><sub>2 </sub><sup> 20</sup>
6 X<sub>1 </sub>+ 2 X<sub>2 </sub> 18 X<sub>1</sub>,X<sub>2 </sub> 0
A)a slack variable needs to be added to each constraint to convert them to equalities. B)nothing.
C)they need to be combined to a single constraint.
D)they need to be subtracted side-by-side
Q3) Refer to Exhibit 4.1.Are there alternate optimal solutions to this problem?
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Chapter 5: Network Modeling
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which balance of flow rule should be applied at each node in a network flow problem when Total Supply > Total Demand?
A)Inflow Outflow Supply or Demand
B)Inflow Outflow Supply or Demand
C)Inflow Outflow = Supply or Demand
D)Inflow Supply Outflow or Demand
Q2) How could a network be modified if demand exceeds supply?
A)add extra supply arcs
B)remove the extra demand arcs
C)add a dummy supply
D)add a dummy demand
Q3) Which method is preferred for solving fully connected transportation problems?
A)linear programming
B)network flow methods
C)trial and error
D)simulation
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Chapter 6: Integer Linear Programming
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Sample Questions
Q1) The feasible region for the pure ILP problem
A)is a subset of the feasible region for the LP problem
B)is a collection of extreme rays
C)is a k-dimensional hyperspace
D)is impossible to determine
Q2) An investor has $500,000 to invest and wants to maximize the money they will receive at the end of one year.They can invest in condos,apartments and houses.The profit after one year,the cost and the number of units available are shown below.
Formulate the ILP for this problem.
\(\begin{array}{rrrrr}
&&\text { Profit}&\text { Cost }&\text { Number }\\
\text { Variable } & \text { Investment } & \$ 1,000) & \$ 1,000) & \text { Available } \\
\hline \mathrm{X}_{1} & \text { Condos } & 6 & 50 & 10 \\
\mathrm{X}_{2} & \text { Apartments } & 12 & 90 & 5 \\
\mathrm{X}_{3} & \text { Houses } & 9 & 100 & 7
\end{array}\)
Q3) Refer to Exhibit 6.2.What formula would go into cells B11:E11 and cells F8:F10?
Q4) Refer to Exhibit 6.2.What formula would go into cell E14?
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Chapter 7: Goal Programming and Multiple Objective Optimization
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Sample Questions
Q1) What weight would be assigned to a neutral deviational variable?
A)0
B)1
C)10
D)100
Q2) Goal programming GP)is:
A)iterative
B)inaccurate
C)static
D)all of the above
Q3) In the "triple bottom line" the term "people" refers to:
A)social responsibility issues
B)environmental issues
C)financial objectives
D)all of the above
Q4) A company wants to purchase large and small delivery trucks.The company wants to purchase about 10 large and 15 small trucks.Each large truck costs $30,000 and has a 10 ton capacity.Each small truck costs $20,000 and has a 7 ton capacity.The company wants to have about 200 tons of capacity and spend about $600,000.
Formulate a goal programming model of this problem.
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Chapter 8: Nonlinear Programming and Evolutionary Optimization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Refer to Exhibit 8.2.What values would you enter in the Analytic Solver Platform task pane for the above Excel spreadsheet?
Objective Cell: Variables Cells: Constraints Cells:
Q2) The main difference between linear LP)and nonlinear programming problems NLP)is that
A)NLP must have a nonlinear objective function
B)Some constraints in NLP may be nonlinear
C)No interaction terms are allowed in NLP
D)Only one constraint in NLP can be nonlinear
Q3) The Sweet Water beverage company is designing a new soft drink can.The designers wish to minimize the manufacturing cost of the can,a cost that is directly related to the amount of aluminum used in the can.The can must hold at least 350 ml or cm<sup>3</sup>)of beverage,have a diameter between 3 and 7 cm,and have a height between 7 and 19 cm.
Formulate the NLP for Sweet Water.
Q4) Refer to Exhibit 8.2.What formula would you place into cell B5 to calculate Total Floor Area?
Q5) Refer to Exhibit 8.2.What formula would you place in cell B6 to calculate Total Lot Area?
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Chapter 9: Regression Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) The reason an analyst creates a regression model is
A)to determine the errors in the data collected.
B)to predict a dependent variable value given specific independent variable values.
C)to predict an independent variable value given specific dependent variable values.
D)to verify the errors are normally distributed.
Q2) The terms <sub>0</sub><sub> </sub>and <sub>1</sub><sub> </sub>are referred to as
A)sample statistics
B)random variables
C)population variables
D)population parameters
Q3) The terms b<sub>0</sub><sub> </sub>and b<sub>1</sub><sub> </sub>are
A)estimated population parameters.
B)estimated intercept and slope values,respectively.
C)random variables.
D)all of these.
Q4) Refer to Exhibit 9.6.What is the F-statistic value?
Q5) Refer to Exhibit 9.7.What is the SS for Residual and MS for Residual?
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Chapter 10: Data Mining
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose that there are 3 variables in a data set.Approximately how many data records are required using a rule of thumb discussed in the textbook?
A)30 to 45
B)20 to 30
C)45 to 60
D)50 to 100
Q2) Suppose the Fisher classification scores for an observation have been converted to the following probabilities: i)0.6 for Group 1 and ii)0.4 for Group 2.The observation will be classified to
A)Group 1
B)Group 2
C)Group 1 or Group 2 with equal probabilities
D)neither Group 1 nor Group 2
Q3) Refer to Exhibit 10.2.What number of observations is classified incorrectly?
A)19
B)20
C)7
D)1
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Chapter 11: Time Series Forecasting
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Sample Questions
Q1) Refer to Exhibit 11.12.What Excel command can be used in cells F4:F14 in lieu of a formula based on the regression statistics?
A)=TREND$H$3:$H$14,$C$3:$G$14,C3:G3)
B)=TREND$H$3:$H$14,$B$3:$G$14,B3:G3)
C)=TREND$H$3:$H$14,$A$3:$G$14,A3:G3)
D)=TREND$H$3:$H$14,$C$3:$D$14,C3:D3)
Q2) Refer to Exhibit 11.4.What formula should be entered in cell E3 to compute the base level when using the additive seasonal effects method?
A)=AVERAGE$E$3:$E$6)
B)=AVERAGEE3,E7,E11)
C)=AVERAGE$D$3:$D$6)
D)=AVERAGED3,D7,D11)
Q3) Refer to Exhibit 11.12.What are predicted sales for the first quarter of year 4?
A)1155 ? predicted sales < 1160
B)1065 ? predicted sales < 1070
C)1410 ? predicted sales < 1415
D)1635 ? predicted sales < 1640
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Chapter 12: Introduction to Simulation Using Analytic Solver
Platform
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Sample Questions
Q1) As the number of replicates in a simulation increases the width of a confidence interval computed from the simulation results will
A)decrease.
B)increase.
C)remain the same.
D)change depends on standard deviation.
Q2) In general there are two primary issues involved in risk.What are these two issues?
A)Validation of spreadsheet model and setting up for the simulation.
B)Uncertainty of the outcome and magnitude of the potential loss.
C)Maximum amount of profit made and the probability of a maximum profit.
D)Maximum amount of loss incurred and the likelihood of that loss.
Q3) Inventory position is defined as
A)ending inventory + outstanding orders
B)ending inventory backorders
C)outstanding orders on hand inventory
D)ending inventory
Q4) What function should be used for generating random integer numbers between 2 and 8?
14
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Chapter 13: Queuing Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Refer to Exhibit 13.2.Based on this report what is the average number of customers waiting for a haircut?
Q2) Refer to Exhibit 13.5.What is the Kendall notation for this system?
Q3) A renege refers to
A)a customer who refuses to join the queue.
B)a customer who refuses service by a specific server.
C)a customer who joins the queue but leaves before service is complete.
D)a customer who requires extra service time.
Q4) In the Kendall notation M/G/4,M stands for
A)memoryless arrival distribution
B)memoryless departure distribution
C)memoryless arrival and departure distributions
D)none of the above
Q5) Customers arrive at a store randomly,following a Poisson distribution at an average rate of 20 per hour.What is the probability of exactly 0,1 2,and 3 arrivals in a 15 minute period?
Q6) Refer to Exhibit 13.4.Based on this report how long does a customer wait before the checker begins serving them?
Q7) Refer to Exhibit 13.4.What is the Kendall notation for this system?
Q8) Refer to Exhibit 13.3.What is the mean service rate per hour?
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Chapter 14: Decision Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) A payoff matrix depicts versus with payoffs for each intersection cell.
A)decision criteria;states of nature.
B)decision alternatives;potential outcomes.
C)decision alternatives;states of nature.
D)decision criteria;potential outcomes.
Q2) Business decision models can be categorized as
A)decision-making under uncertainty
B)decision-making under risk
C)decision making under certainty
D)a)and b)only
Q3) The decision with the smallest expected opportunity loss EOL)will also have the A)smallest EMV.
B)largest EMV.
C)smallest regret.
D)largest regret.
Q4) Refer to Exhibit 14.10.Complete the table using the expected monetary value decision rule and indicate which decision should be made according to that rule.
Q5) Refer to Exhibit 14.14.Why does the strategy table,examining the risk associated with PG|A)and PG|B)never show "Sell A" or "Trade B for D" as selected options?
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Chapter 15: Project Management Online
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of PERT's bold assumptions is that
A)individual activity times are independent of each other.
B)individual activity times are dependent of each other.
C)individual activity times are constant.
D)individual activity times can be added together.
Q2) The longest path through a network is comprised of the activities.
A)longest
B)essential
C)mandatory
D)critical
Q3) The critical path is the path throughout the network.
A)longest
B)most expensive
C)shortest
D)least expensive
Q4) A company wants to use PERT to manage a project.They have developed the following spreadsheet for the problem.What formula should go in cell F3 of the spreadsheet to compute the Activity Time when simulating a PERT analysis?
Q5) Refer to Exhibit 15.4.Identify each path through the network and its expected length.
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