Procurement and Supply Chain Test Preparation
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive introduction to the principles and practices of procurement and supply chain management. Students will explore the end-to-end flow of goods, services, information, and finances in modern supply chains, focusing on strategic sourcing, supplier relationships, contract management, and inventory control. Emphasis is placed on cost analysis, risk mitigation, ethical procurement, and the impact of globalization and technology trends. Through real-world case studies and practical scenarios, learners will develop skills to optimize procurement processes, enhance supply chain efficiency, and support organizational goals in a competitive business environment.
Recommended Textbook
Principles of Operations Management Sustainability and Supply Chain Management 10th Edition
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2
Chapter 1: Operations and Productivity
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Sample Questions
Q1) A swimming pool company has 100,000 labor hours available per summer and with a labor productivity of 5 pools per 6,000 hours.
a. How many pools can the company install this summer?
b. Suppose the multifactor productivity was one pool per $25,000. How much should the company expect to spend this summer constructing the pools?
Answer: (a) 100,000 hours * 5 pools/6000 hours = 83.33 or 83 pools (b) 83 pools * $25,000/pool = $2,075,000
Q2) Operations management is the set of activities that creates value in the form of goods and services by transforming inputs into outputs.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Productivity is the total value of all inputs to the transformation process divided by the total value of the outputs produced.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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3
Chapter 2: Operations Strategy in a Global Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) NAFTA seeks to phase out all trade and tariff barriers among Canada, Mexico, and the United States.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which of the following did the authors not suggest as a reason for globalizing operations?
A) reduce costs
B) improve the supply chain
C) stockholder approval ratings
D) understand markets
E) None of the above were suggested.
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following is an example of globalization of operations strategy?
A) Boeing's Dreamliner has engines with higher fuel/payload efficiency.
B) Ford's new auto models have dent-resistant panels.
C) A Chinese manufacturer, Haier, now operates plants in the United States.
D) Hard Rock Café provides an "experience differentiation" at its restaurants.
E) All of the above are examples.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Project Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify and describe briefly each of the purposes of project scheduling. Answer: Project scheduling shows the relationship of each activity to others and to the whole project. It identifies the precedence relationship among activities. It encourages the setting of realistic time and cost estimates for each activity. It helps make better use of people, money, and material resources by identifying critical bottlenecks in the project.
Q2) A code of ethics especially for project managers
A) has been established by the Project Management Institute B) has been formulated by the Federal government C) has been formulated by the World Trade Organization D) is inappropriate, since everyone should use the same guidance on ethical issues E) does not exist at this time
Answer: A
Q3) The __________ is the computed longest time path(s) through a network.
Answer: critical path
Q4) The network analysis method that allows activity times to vary is __________.
Answer: PERT or Program Evaluation and Review Technique
Q5) The __________ has established a code of ethics especially for project managers.
Answer: Project Management Institute
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Chapter 4: Forecasting
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the forecast for May based on a weighted moving average applied to the following past demand data and using the weights: 4, 3, 2 (largest weight is for most recent data)?
\[\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | l | }
\hline \text { Nov. } & \text { Dec. } & \text { Tan. } & \text { Feb. } & \text { Mar. } & \text { April } \\
\hline 37 & 36 & 40 & 42 & 47 & 43 \\ \hline \end{array}\]
Q2) A naïve forecast for September sales of a product would be equal to the forecast for August.
A)True
B)False
Q3) __________ is a time-series forecasting method that fits a trend line to a series of historical data points and then projects the line into the future for forecasts.
Q4) Linear regression is known as a(n) __________ because it incorporates variables or factors that might influence the quantity being forecast.
Q5) Describe three popular measures of forecast accuracy.
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Chapter 5: Design of Goods and Services
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the maturity stage of the product life cycle, operations managers will be concerned with adding capacity or enhancing existing capacity to accommodate the increase in product demand.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A graphic technique for defining the relationship between customer desires and product/service is
A) Product Lifecycle Management
B) the House of Quality
C) the moment of truth
D) the assembly drawing
E) the product development team
Q3) Identify the general benefits derived from CAD.
Q4) The dimensions, tolerances, materials, and finishes of a component are typically shown on a(n)
A) assembly chart
B) engineering drawing
C) bill of material
D) assembly drawing
E) route sheet
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Managing Quality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between quality management and product strategy?
A) Product strategy is set by top management; quality management is an independent activity.
B) Quality management is important to the low-cost product strategy, but not to the response or differentiation strategies.
C) High quality is important to all three strategies, but it is not a critical success factor.
D) Managing quality helps build successful product strategies.
E) Companies with the highest measures of quality are no more productive than other firms.
Q2) A cause-and-effect diagram helps identify the source of a problem.
A)True
B)False
Q3) __________ costs result from production of defective parts or services before delivery to the customer.
Q4) Identify the four costs of quality. Which one is hardest to evaluate? Explain.
Q5) Describe how ISO 9000 has evolved in the past several years.
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Chapter 7: Statistical Process Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) A hospital-billing auditor has been inspecting patient bills. While almost all bills contain some errors, the auditor is looking now for large errors (errors in excess of $250). Among the last 100 bills inspected, the defect rate has been 16%. Calculate the upper and lower limits for the billing process for 99.7% confidence.
Q2) If a process has only natural variations, __________ percent of the time the sample averages will fall inside the (or ) control limits.
Q3) __________ is variation in a production process that can be traced to specific causes.
Q4) An operating characteristics curve shows
A) upper and lower product specifications
B) product quality under different manufacturing conditions
C) how the probability of accepting a lot varies with the population percent defective
D) when product specifications don't match process control limits
E) how operations affect certain characteristics of a product
Q5) What is the AOQ of an acceptance sampling plan?
Q6) A process range chart illustrates the amount of variation within the samples.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Process Strategy
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Sample Questions
Q1) In an affluent society, how do we produce a wide number of options for products at low cost?
Q2) A firm is about to undertake the manufacture of a product, and is weighing the process configuration options. There are two intermittent processes under consideration, as well as a repetitive focus. The smaller intermittent process has fixed costs of $3,000 per month, and variable costs of $10 per unit. The larger intermittent process has fixed costs of $12,000 and variable costs of $2 per unit. A repetitive focus plant has fixed costs of $50,000 and variable costs of $1 per unit.
a. At what output does the large intermittent process become cheaper than the small one?
b. At what output does the repetitive process become cheaper than the larger intermittent process?
Q3) Why is equipment utilization in process-focused service industries often low?
Q4) Processes can be environmentally friendly and socially responsible while still contributing to profitable strategies.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe Value-Stream Mapping. Explain how it is different from process mapping.
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Chapter9: Capacity and Constraint Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define variable costs. What special assumption is made about variable costs in the textbook?
Q2) A product sells for $5, and has unit variable costs of $3. This product accounts for $20,000 in annual sales, out of the firm's total of $60,000. When performing multiproduct break-even analysis, the weighted contribution of this product is approximately
A) 0.133
B) 0.200
C) 0.40
D) 0.667
E) $1.667
Q3) Changes in capacity may lead, lag, or straddle the demand.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A good capacity decision requires that it be tightly integrated with the organization's strategy and investments. But there are other "considerations" to making a good capacity decision. Name them. Describe each in a sentence or two.
Q5) __________ analysis finds the point at which costs equals revenues.
Q6) Define fixed costs.
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Chapter 10: Location Strategies
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ratio of labor cost per day to productivity, in units per day, is the labor cost per unit.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The factor-rating method can consider both tangible and intangible costs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is a location analysis technique typically employed by a service organization?
A) purchasing power analysis
B) linear programming
C) queuing theory
D) crossover charts
E) cost-volume analysis
Q4) The __________ method is popular because a wide variety of factors, from education to recreation to labor skills, can be objectively included.
Q5) When __________, in addition to creativity and R&D investments, is critical to operations strategy, cost may cease to be the primary focus of location criteria.
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Chapter 11: Layout Strategies
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Sample Questions
Q1) One guideline for determining the arrangement and space allocation of a retail store is to place high-impulse and high-margin items such as housewares and beauty aids in prominent locations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) "Having a focused work center is like having a factory within a factory." Discuss. Include in your discussion what conditions make focused work centers appropriate.
Q3) Which of the following is <b>true </b>regarding fabrication lines?
A) They are the same thing as assembly lines.
B) They are the same thing as focused factories.
C) They are a special type of process-oriented layout.
D) Balancing their assembly line is more technological than worker oriented.
E) None of the above is true.
Q4) __________ avoids placing materials or supplies in storage by processing them as they are received for shipment.
Q5) Briefly explain what "slotting" is. Why is slotting considered a "controversial" practice? What ethical issues might arise with regard to slotting?
Q6) __________ are fees manufacturers pay to get their products displayed.
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Chapter 12: Human Resources, Job Design, and Work Measurement
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the advantages of work sampling over time-study methods?
Q2) The difference between job enrichment and job enlargement is that
A) enlarged jobs involve vertical expansion, while enriched jobs involve horizontal expansion
B) enriched jobs enable an employee to do a number of boring jobs instead of just one C) job enlargement is more psychologically satisfying than job enrichment D) job enrichment is suitable for all employees, whereas job enlargement is not E) enriched jobs involve vertical expansion, while enlarged jobs involve horizontal expansion
Q3) Fredrick W. Taylor is credited with introducing psychology into the workplace.
A)True
B)False
Q4) UPS may run the "tightest ship in the shipping business," but they got that high level of efficiency without time standards, because their contract with the Teamsters Union forbids them.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How is the statistical tool of adequate sample sizing used in work measurement?
Q6) List Hackman and Oldham's five desirable characteristics of job design.
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Chapter 13: Supply-Chain Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) A shipment of parts valued at $75,000 needs to be shipped from Tampa, FL, to Chicago, IL. They could be shipped by rail, taking 15 days at a cost of $1,575, or by truck, taking 4 days at a cost of $2,640. The annual holding cost rate for this type of item has been estimated at 22%. What option is more economical?
Q2) Supply-chain management faces additional challenges, such as those related to quality production and distribution systems, when companies enter growing global markets.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Local optimization is a supply-chain complication best described as
A) optimizing one's local area without full knowledge of organizational needs
B) obtaining very high production efficiency in a decentralized supply chain
C) the prerequisite of global optimization
D) the result of supply chains built on suppliers with compatible corporate cultures
E) the opposite of the bullwhip effect
Q4) __________ involves reducing the number of variations in materials and components as an aid to cost management.
Q5) __________ is the term describing purchasing facilitated through the internet.
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Chapter 14: Outsourcing as a Supply-Chain Strategy
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is the practice of procuring from external sources services or products that are normally part of an organization.
Q2) __________ is the practice of moving a business process to a foreign country but retaining control of it.
Q3) What theory states that you should allow another firm to perform work activities for your company if that company can do it more productively than you can?
A) theory of competitive advantage
B) theory of core competencies
C) theory of comparative advantage
D) theory of outsourcing
E) theory of offshoring
Q4) Has there been any political backlash in the United States resulting from outsourcing in foreign countries?
Explain.
Q5) Nearly any business activity can be outsourced.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Identify some business processes that are outsourced.
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Chapter 15: Inventory Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about ABC analysis is <b>False</b>?
A) ABC analysis is based on the presumption that controlling the few most important items produces the vast majority of inventory savings.
B) In ABC analysis, "A" Items are tightly controlled, have accurate records, and receive regular review by major decision makers.
C) In ABC analysis, "C" Items have minimal records, periodic review, and simple controls.
D) ABC analysis is based on the presumption that all items must be tightly controlled to produce important cost savings.
E) All of the above statements are true.
Q2) The fixed-period inventory model requires more safety stock than the fixed-quantity models because
A) a stockout can occur during the review period as well as during the lead time
B) this model is used for products that have large standard deviations of demand
C) this model is used for products that require very high service levels
D) replenishment is not instantaneous
E) setup costs and holding costs are large
Q3) __________ is the complement of the probability of a stockout.
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Chapter 16: Aggregate Planning
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Sample Questions
Q1) The textbook illustrates demand management in the form of price cuts or discounts. Can demand manipulation for aggregate planning involve price increases?
Explain; provide an example.
Q2) Which of these is among the demand options of aggregate planning?
A) subcontracting
B) back-ordering during high-demand periods
C) changing inventory levels
D) varying workforce size
E) All of the above are demand options.
Q3) A hotel room that goes unrented and an airline seat that goes unsold are both examples of perishable inventory in services.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which choice below best describes the <b>counterseasonal</b> demand option?
A) producing such products as lawnmowers and sunglasses during the winter
B) developing a mix of products that smoothes out their demands
C) lowering prices when demand is slack
D) using subcontractors only when demand is excessive
E) the breaking of the aggregate plan into finer levels of detail
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Chapter 17: Material Requirements Planning MRP and ERP
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Sample Questions
Q1) A(n) __________ is a bill of material for components, usually assemblies that exist only temporarily; they are never inventoried.
Q2) Construct an indented bill of material for a common 3-ring view binder (the kind that lets you slip your own cover sheet into the front panel and spine). Assume the rings to be 1 inch diameter. Don't worry about other dimensions? pay attention to accounting for all of the parts.
Q3) What is MRP?
Identify four benefits from its use.
Q4) Each R requires 2 of component S and 1 of part T. The lead time for assembly of R is 3 days. The lead time for the manufacture of S is 5 days. The lead time for the manufacture of T is 10 days. The cumulative lead time for R is __________ days.
A) 6
B) 9
C) 13
D) 17
E) cannot be determined
Q5) Bills of material organized by major subassemblies or by product options are called __________.
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Chapter 18: Short-Term Scheduling
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these is not part of the planning files of a production planning and control system?
A) a progress file
B) a work-center master file
C) an item master file
D) a routing file
E) All of the above are all part of the planning files.
Q2) EDD stands for
A) earliest due date
B) earliest design date
C) earliest detrimental date
D) earliest decision date
E) none of the above
Q3) The correct sequence from longest to smallest duration scheduling is
A) capacity planning, aggregate planning, master schedule, short-term schedule
B) aggregate planning, capacity planning, master schedule, short-term schedule
C) master schedule, capacity planning, aggregate planning, short-term schedule
D) master schedule, aggregate planning, capacity planning, short-term schedule
E) None of the above is correct
Q4) What makes short-term scheduling of strategic importance?
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Chapter 19: Just-In-Time and Lean Options
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Sample Questions
Q1) A characteristic of JIT partnerships with respect to quality is to
A) help suppliers meet quality requirement
B) inspect all incoming parts
C) maintain a steady output rate
D) impose maximum product specifications on the supplier
E) draw up strict contracts ensuring that all defectives will be immediately replaced
Q2) Which of the following statements regarding a pull system is <b>true</b>?
A) Large lots are pulled from upstream stations.
B) Work is pulled to the downstream stations before it is actually needed.
C) Manufacturing cycle time is increased.
D) Problems become more obvious.
E) None of the above is true of a pull system.
Q3) A bakery uses 6 containers that each hold 4 cakes. If safety stock is 2 cakes and lead time is 11 days, determine daily demand.
Q4) Lower average inventory is feasible only if setup times are short.
A)True
B)False
Q5) TPS stands for __________.
Q6) What three things does the Toyota Production System (TPS) emphasize?
Page 21
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Chapter 20: Maintenance and Reliability
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process that involves repair on an emergency or priority basis is known as
A) breakdown maintenance
B) emergency maintenance
C) failure maintenance
D) preventive maintenance
E) priority maintenance
Q2) Tiger Island Fabricators, which builds offshore oil platforms, has been experiencing problems with its profiling machine, a computer-driven device that cuts the ends of pipe so that it can be welded to another pipe, as shown in the data below.
\[\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | l | l | }
\hline \text { Number of breakdowns } & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\
\hline \text { Breakdown frequency } & 2 & 2 & 2 & 6 & 7 & 1 \\
\hline
\end{array}\]
Each time a machine breaks down, the company loses about $3,000. If the company implements preventive maintenance, it will be able to reduce the number of breakdowns to one per month. Preventive maintenance costs would be $500 a month. Is preventive maintenance a cost-effective option?
Q3) Explain carefully how redundancy improves product reliability.
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Decision-Making Tools
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Sample Questions
Q1) Doing nothing would yield how much profit if favorable market conditions prevail according to the following decision table?
\[\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline
\text { Alternative } & \text { Favorable market } & \text { Unfavorable Market } \\
\hline \text { Do Nothing } & \$ 20,000 & - \$ 10,000 \\ \hline
\end{array}\]
A) $5,000
B) $20,000
C) -$10,000
D) $0
E) unable to determine
Q2) The expected value of perfect information is the same as the expected value with perfect information.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe the meaning of EVPI. Provide an example in which EVPI can help a manager.
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Chapter 22: Linear Programming
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following correctly describes all iso-profit lines for an LP maximization problem?
A) They all pass through the origin
B) They are all parallel.
C) They all pass through the point of maximum profit.
D) Each line passes through at least 2 corners.
E) All of the above
Q2) If cars sell for $500 profit and trucks sell for $300 profit which of the following represents the objective function?
A) Maximize = 500C+300T
B) Minimize = 500C + 300T
C) Maximize = 500C - 300T
D) Minimize = 300T- 500C
E) None of the above
Q3) The optimal solution to a linear programming problem is within the feasible region.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the simplex method?
Q5) What is sensitivity analysis?
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Chapter 23: Transportation Models
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Sample Questions
Q1) A transportation problem with 8 sources and 6 destinations will have an optimal solution that uses at most 13 of the 48 possible routes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The __________ finds the least-cost means of shipping supplies from several origins to several destinations.
Q3) A transportation model uses only 5% of its cells. If the number of destinations is 1000, determine the number of sources in the model.
Q4) The transportation method is a special case of the family of problems known as A) regression problems
B) decision tree problems
C) linear programming problems
D) simulation problems
E) statistical problems
Q5) When does degeneracy occur in a transportation model?
Q6) A transportation model's optimal solution uses no more than 8% of cells and has 100 sources. Find the number of destinations.
Q7) What purpose does the northwest-corner rule serve?
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Chapter 24: Waiting-Line Models
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Sample Questions
Q1) A waiting line or __________ is where items or people are in a line awaiting service; __________ is a body of knowledge about waiting lines.
Q2) A waiting line meeting the M/M/1 assumptions has an arrival rate of 4 per hour and a service rate of 12 per hour. What is the probability that the waiting line is empty?
Q3) A waiting line, or queuing, system has three parts, which are
A) distribution of arrival times, discipline while waiting, and distribution of service times
B) arrival rate, service rate, and utilization rate
C) arrival discipline, queue discipline, and service sequencing
D) arrival or inputs, queue discipline or the waiting line itself, and the service facility
E) sequencing policy, penalty for reneging, and expediting of arrivals
Q4) What is queue discipline?
State three rules for queue discipline. Which of these rules appears most frequently in the four main models?
Q5) A(n) __________ occurs when an arrival refuses to enter a waiting line; a(n) __________ occurs when an arrival joins a waiting line, then leaves it.
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Chapter 25: Learning Curves
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why do different organizations have different learning curves?
Q2) A 90% learning curve implies that each time the production volume is doubled the direct time per unit is reduced to 90% of its previous value.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A job with a 90% learning curve required 20 hours for the initial unit. The fourth unit should require approximately how many hours? A) 16.0 B) 16.2
54.2
Q4) The logarithmic approach to learning curve calculations allows us to determine the hours required for any unit.
A)True B)False
Q5) When learning curves are plotted on __________ scales, the "curves" become straight lines.
Q6) The __________ is the simplest approach to learning curve problems.
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Chapter 26: Simulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) State the three-fold idea behind simulation.
Q2) One of the disadvantages of simulation is that it
A) does not allow for very complex problem solutions
B) is not very flexible
C) is a trial-and-error approach that may produce different solutions in different runs
D) is very limited in the type of probability distribution that can be used E) interferes with the production systems while the program is being run
Q3) Which of the following is not an idea behind simulation?
A) to imitate a real-world situation mathematically
B) study the properties and operating characteristics
C) draw conclusions and make decisions based on the results
D) both A and B
E) A, B, and C are all ideas behind simulation,
Q4) Define simulation.
Q5) Simulation allows managers to test the effects of major policy decisions on real-life systems without disturbing the real system.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain how Monte Carlo simulation uses random numbers.
Page 28
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