Probation and Parole Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the principles, practices, and challenges of probation and parole within the criminal justice system. Emphasizing both historical context and contemporary issues, students will examine the roles and responsibilities of probation and parole officers, the legal frameworks governing supervision, and the various strategies used to promote offender rehabilitation and reintegration into society. Topics include risk assessment, case management, supervision models, community resources, and the impact of parole and probation on individuals and public safety. Through case studies and policy analysis, students will gain a comprehensive understanding of how probation and parole function as alternatives to incarceration and as critical components of the correctional process.
Recommended Textbook
Community Based Corrections A TextReader 1st edition by Shannon M. Barton-Bellessa
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
11 Chapters
277 Verified Questions
277 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/292 Page 2
Chapter 1: The Ethics of Community-Based Sanctions
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4830
Sample Questions
Q1) _______________ implies that an offender should be provided the means to fulfill a constructive level of functioning in society, with an implicit expectation that such offenders will be deterred from reoffending due to their having worthwhile stakes in legitimate society-stakes that they will not wish to lose as a consequence of criminal offending.
A) Deterrence
B) Retribution
C) Rehabilitation
D) Incapacitation
Answer: C
Q2) _______________ refers to one where a stimulus is applied to the offender when the offender commits an undesired behavior.
A) Positive reinforcers
B) Negative reinforcers
C) Positive punishment
D) Negative punishment
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: What Influences Offenders' Willingness to Serve
Alternative Sanctions?
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4831
Sample Questions
Q1) Diversion from _______________ is also a pretrial mechanism to keep offenders out of the system.As reviewed in the previous discussion, offenders who have been summoned to court can await their trial date at home.This provides them with an opportunity to maintain gainful employment-if they have a job-and bonds to their community, which are especially important if children are present.
A) arrest
B) prosecution
C) jail
D) imprisonment
Answer: C
Q2) Following the use of pretrial supervision, those individuals who have been convicted or adjudicated may qualify for a diversionary program.Specifically designed for juvenile offenders but used for adults as well, these programs offer assistance at (a) different point(s) in the system, including:
A) diversion from arrest
B) diversion from prosecution
C) diversion from jail and/or imprisonment
D) All of the above
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: When the Policy Becomes the Problem
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4832
Sample Questions
Q1) _______________ seeks to restore the victim and the community to its state of functioning prior to the criminal act, often involving numerous persons in the community in the reintegration of offenders and holding them accountable for their behavior.By bringing together victims, offenders, families, and other key stakeholders in a variety of settings, restorative justice helps offenders understand the implications of their actions and provides an opportunity for them to become reconnected to the community.
A) Restorative justice
B) Broken windows thesis
C) Community justice
D) Collective efficacy
Answer: A
Q2) _______________ is simply a term that involves improvements of the community structure and landscape to deter the likelihood of criminal offending in that given area.
A) Teen courts
B) Reintegrative shaming
C) Labeling
D) Environmental crime prevention
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: The Impact of Gender and Race-Ethnicity in the
Pretrial Release Process
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4833
Sample Questions
Q1) _______________ programs are designed to decrease the likelihood of crime after a crime or aberrant behavior has been detected and processed.
A) Prevention
B) Treatment
C) Reality therapy
D) Operant conditioning
Q2) The key in distinguishing between reinforcers and punishments to keep in mind is that reinforcers are intended to increase the likelihood of a desired behavior whereas punishments are intended to decrease the likelihood of an undesired behavior.In _______________, the term positive refers to the addition of a stimulus rather than the notion that something is good or beneficial.Likewise, the term negative refers to the removal of a stimulus rather than being used to denote something that is bad or harmful.
A) prevention
B) treatment
C) reality therapy
D) operant conditioning
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
6
Chapter 5: State Administration of Drug Courts
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4834
Sample Questions
Q1) The Presentence Investigation Report (PSI) is conducted post-conviction rather than pre-conviction because:
A) If a conviction is not obtained, conducting a PSI becomes a waste of time and resources for the officer and the department
B) The defendants' right to privacy may be compromised if a non-guilty verdict is reached
C) When completing the PSI, many states have rules of confidentiality when gathering privileged information for the PSI as well as regulations regarding the disclosure of that information once it has been included in the final report
D) All of the above
Q2) In _______________, the U.S.Supreme Court upheld the confidentiality of the PSI. This is largely due to the perception of the court that the presentence investigator is a neutral and detached party with no real vested interest in the punishment of the offender.
A) Williams v.New York
B) Plessy v. Ferguson
C) Gideon v. Wainright
D) Roe v. Wade
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 7
Chapter 6: Restorative Practices in Instituttional Settings and
at Release
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4835
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Alarid and Schloss, the term _______________ refers to the shifting of public functions and responsibilities either partially or totally to for-profit or nonprofit private organizations.
A) prisonization
B) technical violations
C) reintegration
D) privatization
Q2) According to your textbook authors, _______________ tends to exacerbate the underlying causes of criminal behavior.
A) prisonization
B) technical violations
C) reintegration
D) privatization
Q3) _______________ are criminal offenders who have been sentenced to a period of correctional supervision in the community in lieu of incarceration.
A) Probationers
B) Felons
C) Misdemeanants
D) Death row inmates
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: The Effectiveness of Restorative Justice Practices
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4836
Sample Questions
Q1) _______________ theory states that crime is learned through associations with criminal definitions.Interacting with antisocial peers is a major cause of crime.Criminal behavior will be repeated and become chronic if it is reinforced.When criminal subcultures exist, many individuals can learn to Commit crime in one location.
A) Split sentencing
B) Shock incarceration
C) Differential association
D) Boot camp
Q2) Intermediate sanctions may involve residential facilities like _______________
A) restitution centers
B) work release centers
C) probation detention facilities
D) All of the above
Q3) Typically, within residential facilities, staff will tend to play the following role(s):
A) the security
B) the treatment role
C) the auxiliary and/or support role
D) All of the above
Page 9
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of Thinking for a Change
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4837
Sample Questions
Q1) _______________ is the mandated action that forces an offender to stay within The confines of their home or on their property until a time specified by the sentencing judge.
A) Global positioning system (GPS)
B) Home detention
C) Day reporting centers
D) Drug testing
Q2) _______________ is a form of restorative justice that requires the offender to pay monetary compensation to the victim, the victim's family, or an organization designated by the victim for the harm caused.
A) Restitution
B) Community service
C) Intensive supervision
D) Electronic monitoring
Q3) The amount of restitution owed is based on _______________.
A) the monetary harm caused by property loss
B) loss incurred because of bodily injury
C) possibly lost wages
D) All of the above
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Offender Coercion in Treatment: A
Meta-Analysis of Effectiveness
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4838
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Steen and Opsal, in regard to gender, the negative effect of being Female on the likelihood of revocation is _______________ for Blacks than Whites.
A) larger
B) smaller
C) no different
D) None of the above
Q2) Sir Walter Crofton created what was referred to as the _______________; basically a permit that was given to a convict in exchange for a certain period of good conduct.Through this process, the convict could instead earn his own wage through his own labor prior to the expiration of his actual sentence.In addition, other liberties were provided so long as the convict's behavior remained within the lawful limits set by this system.
A) ticket-of-leave
B) banishment
C) mark system
D) chain gang
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4839
Sample Questions
Q1) _______________ includes inadequate nurturing or affection, allowing the child to engage in inappropriate or illegal behavior such as drug or alcohol use, as well as ignoring a child's basic emotional needs.
A) Physical neglect
B) Emotional neglect
C) Educational neglect
D) Verbal neglect
Q2) According to Hubbard and Matthews, the 'what works literature' states that a youth's level of risk indicates his or her likelihood of _______________.
A) recidivism
B) rehabilitation
C) retribution
D) reentry
Q3) Juvenile courts differ from adult courts in that:
A) These courts are informal in nature
B) Their legal basis is in civil law
C) They tend to have closed proceedings and do not usually have jury trials
D) All of the above
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
12
Chapter 11: Can 14,737 Women Be Wrong?
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/4840
Sample Questions
Q1) _______________ is/are designed to ensure that the offender is being honest in their feedback that they are providing program treatment staff.
A) Interrogation-oriented techniques
B) Chemical castration
C) Detoxification
D) Self-help groups
Q2) The term _______________ refers to a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.
A) sexual assault
B) borderline personality disorder
C) Histrionic personality disorder
D) narcissistic personality disorder
Q3) The term _______________ refers to sexual activity with a prepubescent child (generally age 13 and younger).
A) opportunistic
B) power assertive
C) pedophilia
D) containment
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 13