Principles of Teaching Young Children
Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Principles of Teaching Young Children explores foundational theories, methods, and best practices for educating children from birth through age eight. The course covers developmental milestones, learning theories, and the role of the teacher in fostering a responsive, inclusive classroom environment. Topics include curriculum planning, observation and assessment, classroom management, and strategies for engaging families and communities. Emphasis is placed on creating supportive learning experiences that address the unique needs and interests of young children, promoting their cognitive, social-emotional, and physical development.
Recommended Textbook
Teaching Young Children An Introduction 6th Edition by Michael L. Henniger
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Overview of the Profession
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name one professional organization for early childhood educators and describe its characteristics.
Answer: One professional organization for early childhood educators is the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). NAEYC is a professional membership organization that works to promote high-quality early learning for all young children, birth through age 8.
NAEYC offers a variety of resources and professional development opportunities for early childhood educators, including conferences, webinars, and publications. They also advocate for policies that support early childhood education and offer accreditation for early childhood programs.
Additionally, NAEYC sets professional standards for early childhood educators and provides opportunities for networking and collaboration within the field. Overall, NAEYC is a well-respected organization that is dedicated to advancing the profession of early childhood education and supporting the growth and development of young children.
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3
Chapter 2: Historical Contexts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pestalozzi felt that some children would not be able to learn.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) David P.Weikart began the Perry Preschool Project in 1962.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) How is the Anti-Biased Curriculum: Tools for Empowering Young Children,written by Louise Derman-Sparks in 1989,influencing education in early childhood settings today?
Answer: Students could refer to Louse Derman-Sparks work as a Perry Preschool Project teacher,developer of curriculum in what became High/Scope and/or her work with anti-bias/diversity education concepts in early learning.
Q4) Define negative education.
Answer: Rousseau believed that education experiences should be postponed until age 12 and called this idea "negative education".
Q5) Define Vygotsky's zone of proximal development. Answer: no answer
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Chapter 3: Early Childhood Program Models
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Q1) Montessori described children's interactions with materials in the classroom as work tasks.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Families are seen as secondary to the professional's role of facilitating learning and development in Reggio Emilia.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The Bank Street model for early education emphasizes the importance of developing each child's individuality.What are the strengths of this approach? What would you do to encourage individuality? Are there also potential problems associated with promoting individuality?
Answer: Student answers might include arguments that individuality is addressed through elements of competence,self-esteem,resourcefulness and resilience of the child.
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Chapter 4: Understanding How a Child Develops and Learns
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the importance of early brain development. Essay
Q2) The stage referred to as trust versus mistrust pertains to
A)preschool children's ability to separate from their families at the child care center.
B)a preschooler's ability to take the initiative in planning for his own play experiences.
C)toddlers' acquisition of communication skills.
D)infants' acquisition of a reliable relationship with consistent caring parents or care providers.
Q3) Describe Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of human development.
Q4) An outcome of the popular book From Neurons to Neighborhoods (Shonkoff & Phillips,2000)has been the growing emphasis on _____ as an important issue in development.
A)self preservation
B)self esteem
C)self regulation
D)self monitoring
Q5) Describe how children who are at risk might experience developmental delays.
Q6) What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Play in Childhood
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Q1) Why are many children today play deprived?
Q2) Many families and early learning professionals say that children today play less (and less creatively)than they did even a few short years ago.Describe why this,in fact,may be happening.Why are many children playing less today?
Q3) Play,according to Bruner,is an opportunity for stress reduction.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Quality play experiences are those in which the child chooses to participate.
A)True B)False
Q5) Contemporary theories on why children play are identified as all of the following except A)psychoanalytic theory. B)surplus energy theory.
C)play as arousal seeking.
D)cognitive structures.
Q6) What are metacommunication statements in play?
Q7) Define cooperative play.
Q9) What is the surplus energy theory of play? Page 7
Q8) Identify two types of toys that stimulate language learning.
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Page 8
Chapter 6: Guiding Young Children
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Sample Questions
Q1) Early care and learning professionals can help young children develop self-regulation by
A)telling children what not to do.
B)correcting them when they do something wrong.
C)modeling.
D)punishing them when they do something wrong.
Q2) ____ is an example of punishment where a teacher insists that the child engages in activities that correct or "make up for" the problem when a child engages in an inappropriate behavior.
A)Restitution
B)Redirection
C)Reinforcement
D)Restriction
Q3) Which of the following is based on the theoretical perspectives of behaviorists such as B.F.Skinner?
A)Behavior maladjustment
B)Emotional modification
C)Emotional maladjustment
D)Behavior modification
Q4) What is active listening?
Page 9
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Chapter 7: Diversity and Young Children
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Sample Questions
Q1) Try one of the self-analysis activities listed in this chapter and answer the following questions: Did you learn anything new about yourself? Did the activity change or affirm your beliefs? How will you use this information as an early learning professional?
Q2) What is the tourist approach to diversity issues?
Q3) Lauren Walker developed a diversity awareness curriculum called the antibias curriculum.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When children with and without disabilities work together,children without disabilities
A)can develop more accurate views about individuals with disabilities.
B)learn to ignore individuals with special needs.
C)are provided with models of children who are limited by disabilities and do not succeed because of the many challenges they face.
D)experience teachers who isolate them from classmates with special needs.
Q5) IFSP stands for Individualized Family Standard Practices.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Planning the Physical Environment: Indoors
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Sample Questions
Q1) The woodworking center is considered too dangerous for preschool children.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Adult-made materials have few advantages over commercial materials.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Define self-correcting toys.
Q4) The ECERS is an assessment tool that is not effective in evaluating early learning environments.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Does centers-based learning involve more planning and effort for the early care and learning professional or less? What makes you think this?
Q6) NAEYC suggests providing a minimum of ____ square feet of indoor space for each child in a preschool or primary classroom.
A)25
B)55
C)75
D)35
11
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Chapter 9: Planning the Physical Environment: Outdoors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Prop boxes can have important benefits when used on the playground.One benefit would be
A)additional props discourage dramatic play outdoors.
B)prop boxes maintain consistency,without confusing children with change in the outdoor setting.
C)prop boxes add to the many play options outdoors.
D)they can only be used outdoors.
Q2) Outdoor play areas should be an extension of the indoor environment.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Primary children can be introduced to ____,an example of a game with rules.
A)baseball
B)digging in the sandbox
C)push toys
D)interlocking blocks
Q4) Movable equipment is fairly uncommon on playgrounds for young children.Given its value,why is this the case? What can be done about this problem?
Q5) How can outdoor environments be designed for infants and toddlers?
Q6) Give two examples of movable equipment for the outdoor play area.
Page 12
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Chapter 10: Developmentally Appropriate Curriculum
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Q1) Observation is a key tool to curriculum planning and assessment in early childhood settings.However,it is difficult to find time to do careful observations.What could you do to make sure observations happen in your classroom?
Q2) Essential considerations when planning developmentally appropriate curriculum include
A)understanding of child development and learning.
B)amount of work involved in record keeping.
C)working with administrators.
D)salary increments.
Q3) Compare and contrast the integrated curriculum and project learning.What are the similarities? Differences?
Q4) The curriculum implementation cycle includes identifying children's need and interests,planning the curriculum and engaging in assessment.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is an anecdotal record?
Q6) What is the difference between informal and formal observations of children?
Q7) What is a portfolio?
Q8) Describe two curriculum goals appropriate in an early childhood setting.
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Chapter 11: Health and Wellness
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first signs of hardening of the arteries are appearing as early as age 5.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Approximately ____% of all households in a recent study has one or more firearms in the home (Forbis,2007).
A)8
B)10
C)24
D)38
Q3) Combining movement and music activities is an example of integrating curriculum.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An indicator of abuse and/or neglect may include
A)verbally abusive communications from early childhood professionals to families.
B)no changes in a child's general behavioral patterns.
C)adequate supervision at home.
D)a pattern of physical injuries,which are not a typical part of the child's history.
Q5) How can healthy adults impact young children?
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Chapter 12: Supporting Emotional and Social Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The single best childhood predictor of adult adaptation is classroom behavior. A)True
B)False
Q2) Smiling,a pat on the shoulder,and a hug are forms of encouragement. A)True B)False
Q3) An example of a core emotion is A)frustration.
B)anger.
C)annoyance. D)jealousy.
Q4) Racial bullying may be seen as early as seven or eight years of age. A)True B)False
Q5) How does stress affect young children? What should early learning professionals do to assist children in dealing with the stresses they face?
Q6) What is the purpose of a cooperative learning experience?
Q7) Describe two materials that could be used in the early learning environment for emotional development.
Page 15
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Chapter 13: Mathematics,science,and Social Studies
Learning
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of an early childhood experience that can help children learn about others?
A)Mr.Abraham,a preschool teacher,ignores children's questions about blended families when they realize that a classmate lives with his stepmother and biological father.
B)The local child care center has books that represent only the dominant culture's way of living.
C)Banan's father reads a story about Ramadan and discusses their family's practices so her classmates understand the importance of fasting during this time period.
D)A federally funded program serves food that reflects only one culture's diet.
Q2) Examples of appropriate materials and activities that encourage patterning do not include
A)stringing beads in patterns.
B)constructing designs with pattern blocks.
C)categorizing objects based on color.
D)repeating clapping patterns.
E)building with unifix cubes.
Q3) Define seriation.
Q4) What is a home learning task?
Page 16
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Chapter 14: The Creative Arts
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Q1) According to Fox and Schirrmacher (2012),strong art programs include
A)children using their senses.
B)children making art with diverse media.
C)learning about art,artists,and their styles.
D)the study of aesthetics.
E)all of the above
Q2) How do you define creativity?
Q3) Singing songs with young children
A)should be done only for the fun of the activity.
B)should be avoided during classroom routines.
C)can be used to strengthen conceptual understandings.
D)require strong musical skills of the teacher.
Q4) Which of the following is not a stage of children's art?
A)Scribbling and mark-making stage
B)Personal symbol and design stage
C)Attempts at public representation
D)Concrete operational stage
Q5) Four-year-olds often show an interest in learning to play a musical instrument.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Technology and Young Children
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the benefits and concerns of using Internet websites as part of a quality early learning experience.
Q2) Extensive television viewing by young children can lead to health and fitness problems.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are the three roles for caregivers and teachers as they interact with children using computers?
Q4) High levels of television viewing have been linked to A)hearing loss.
B)childhood obesity.
C)vision problems.
D)skin cancer.
Q5) The key ingredient in developmentally appropriate computer use is the A)amount of money spent on computer accessories.
B)the graphics in video games.
C)the memory needed to save games and products.
D)software selected with play value.
Q6) What is drill-and-practice software?
Q7) Describe one benefit of educational television programs.
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