Principles of Software Engineering Final Exam
Course Introduction
Principles of Software Engineering introduces students to the fundamental concepts, methodologies, and tools used in the development of high-quality software systems. The course explores the software development lifecycle, including requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, maintenance, and project management. Emphasis is placed on best practices such as modularity, abstraction, and documentation, as well as agile and traditional development processes. Students will also examine real-world case studies and learn about software engineering ethics, teamwork, and communication skills essential for successful software projects.
Recommended Textbook
Java Foundations 3rd Edition by John Lewis
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) Explain the difference between a compile-time error and a run-time error. Give an example of each.
Answer: A compile-time error will cause the compiler to exit with an error, and therefore the program will not be properly translated. A program with a run-time error will compile and be translated, but will crash or throw an exception while it is running. An example of a compile-time error is forgetting a semicolon. An example of a run-time error is dividing by zero.
Q2) Name the four basic activities that are involved in a software development process.
Answer: The four basic activities that are involved in a software development process are establishing the requirements, creating the design, implementing the design and testing.
Q3) A syntax error is a _____________________.
A) a logical error
B) a compile-time error
C) a run-time error
D) a bug
E) an exception
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Data and Expressions
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Q1) Promotion is a widening data conversion that is explicitly requested by the programmer.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The Scanner class must be imported using the import statement before it can be used in a program.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Write a short program that allows the user to enter the year that they were born (as an integer) and outputs the age that they will be at the end of this year. Declare the current year as a constant.
Answer: 11edd9d0_40e5_cc0f_84e8_112d805f3fa4_TB2841_00
Q4) Write a single println statement that prints out the following line.
"There is Thingumbob shouting!" the Bellman said, Answer: System.out.println("\"There is Thingumbob shouting!\" the Bellman said,");
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Chapter 3: Using Classes and Objects
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Math class is part of the java.lang package.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Write a short program that asks the user to input a string, and then outputs the number of characters in the string.
Answer: import java.util.Scanner; public class StringLength { public static void main(String [] args) { String inputString; Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Please enter a string: "); inputString = input.nextLine(); System.out.println("Your string has " + inputString.length() + " characters!");
}//end main }//end class
Q3) Write a single statement that creates a DecimalFormat object that formats numbers to 2 decimal places.
Answer: DecimalFormat fmt = new DecimalFormat("0.##");
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Chapter 4: Conditionals and Loops
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Q1) The ___________________ statement causes current iteration of a loop to stop and the condition to be evaluated again, either stopping the loop or causing the next iteration.
A) stop
B) halt
C) continue
D) break
E) switch
Q2) What is wrong with the following snippet of code? Rewrite it so it produces the correct output.
if(a < b)
if(a == c)
System.out.println( a < b and a == c );
else
System.out.println( a is not less than b );
Q3) An infinite loop is a compile-time error.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Write a code fragment that determines how many times the character 'A' appears in a String object called name.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Writing Classes
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Q1) Write a method called countSpaces that takes in a String as a parameter and returns an integer that represents the number of space characters (' ') contained in the string, false otherwise..
Q2) In a class that has variables called height and width, methods called getHeight() and getWidth() are examples of accessor methods.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Write a method called randomInRange that takes in two numbers representing a range. Print an error message and return zero if the second parameter is less than the first. Otherwise, the method should return a randomly generated integer in that range (inclusive). You may assume that the class has a static Random object called generator already declared and instantiated.
Q4) A(n) ________________ is a step-by-step process for solving a problem.
A) UML diagram
B) aggregate object
C) class
D) algorithm
E) none of the above
Q5) Explain why a static method cannot refer to an instance variable.
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Chapter 6: Graphical User Interfaces
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Q1) A mnemonic is a short line of text that will appear when the cursor is rested momentarily on top of the component.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The keyHit event is called when a key is pressed.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following components can be toggled on or off using the mouse, indicating that a particular boolean condition is set or unset?
A) check box
B) radio button
C) slider
D) dialog box
E) none of the above
Q4) Explain the difference between check boxes and radio buttons.
Q5) Describe the areas of a border layout.
Q6) Write a short class that represents a panel with a single radio button that has the option "Yes" and the option "No." By default, the Yes button should be checked.
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Chapter 7: Arrays
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Q1) Which of the following lines of code accesses the second element of the first array in a two-dimensional array of integers, numbers, and stores the result in a variable called num?
A) num = numbers[1][2];
B) num = numbers[0][1];
C) num = numbers.getElement(1, 2);
D) num = numbers.getElement(0, 1);
E) none of the above are correct
Q2) Write a loop that cycles through an array of String objects called names and prints them out, one per line. Your loop should not use a foreach loop.
Q3) Write the declaration for an array of doubles called averages that is initialized with an initializer list.
Q4) Every Java array is a(n) _________________, so it is possible to use a foreach loop to process each element in the array.
A) object
B) iterator
C) class
D) operator
E) none of the above
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Chapter 8: Inheritance
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Q1) Can a class be a parent of more than one subclass? Can a class be a child of more than one parent? Explain.
Q2) The process of inheritance should establish a(n) ___________________ relationship.
A) is-a B) has-a C) static
D) not-a E) none of the above
Q3) Consider an software system that will implement the following classes: Student, Professor, StaffMember, ContractWorker. List some common attributes of these classes. What would be a good abstract class from which these classes may be extended via inheritance?
Q4) Methods and variables declared as private in a parent class cannot be accessed in a child class.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Draw a hierarchy of Animals. The hierarchy should include the following entities: Animal, Reptile, Mammal, Bear, Human, Iguana, and Dolphin.
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Chapter 9: Polymorphism
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Q1) Let Animal be an interface. Then it is possible to create an object by instantiating the Animal interface.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How do interfaces relate to multiple inheritance?
Q3) Describe the Iterator interface.
Q4) What is an interface?
Q5) Suppose you are implementing the comparable interface in a class representing a Person, where the ordering is based on the age of the person. Write a compareTo method for this class. You may assume that there is an instance variable called age and a method called getAge.
Q6) A single class may implement multiple interfaces.
A)True
B)False
Q7) What is polymorphism?
Q8) The next method of the Iterator interface returns a reference to the next element in a collection and removes it.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Recursion
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Q1) The Fibonacci sequence is defined as the sum of the two previous elements of the sequence, with the first and second numbers in the sequence being 0 and 1 respectively. Write a recursive mathematical definition of the Fibonacci numbers.
Q2) Recursive solutions to problems should be used whenever possible.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Towers of Hanoi puzzle cannot be solved iteratively.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe a recursive solution to the Towers of Hanoi puzzle with N disks.
Q5) In the Towers of Hanoi puzzle there are __________________ disks of different diameters.
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) The Towers of Hanoi puzzle can include any number of disks of different diameters.
Q6) Describe the Towers of Hanoi puzzle.
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Chapter 10: Exceptions
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Q1) Write a short snippet of code that converts the first element of the String[] args array to an integer. It should catch an exception and print out a message if the first element cannot be converted to an integer.
Q2) What is exception prorogation, and how does it work in Java?
Q3) A(n) _____________________ is an object that defines an erroneous situation from which the program usually cannot recover.
A) error
B) exception
C) interface
D) try block
E) catch block
Q4) Give two examples of methods in the Exception class that can be used to output information about the Exception.
Q5) A throw statement is used to begin exception propagation.
A)True
B)False
Q6) A finally clause is always required in a try-catch block.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Searching and Sorting
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Q1) Quick sort works by separating a list into two lists, and recursively sorting the two lists using quick sort.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A __________________ search looks through the search pool one element at a time.
A) binary
B) clever
C) insertion
D) selection
E) linear
Q3) _____________________ is the process of finding a designated target element within a group of items.
A) Sorting
B) Searching
C) Recursing
D) Helping
E) none of the above
Q4) Explain how quick sort works.
Q5) Write a method that accepts an integer array as a parameter and sorts it using the bubble sort algorithm.
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Chapter 13: Trees
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Q1) Which of the following tree traversals traverses the subtrees from left to right and then visits the root?
A) Preorder
B) Inorder
C) Postorder
D) Level-order
E) none of the above
Q2) A _________________ can be used as the basis for an expert system.
A) queue
B) stack
C) ternary tree
D) 4-ary tree
E) decision tree
Q3) There are four basic ways to traverse a tree, and they are all implemented recursively.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the implementation of an postorder traversal.
Q5) What are the leaves of a tree?
Q6) What is the root of a tree?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Introduction to Collections and Stacks
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Q1) Which of the following methods inserts an element into a stack data structure?
A) enqueue
B) dequeue
C) push
D) pop
E) peek
Q2) A radix sort is a comparison-based sorting algorithm.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In a linked implementation of a stack, a pushed element should be added to the end of the list.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The peek operation on a stack returns a reference to the element at the bottom of the stack.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A queue is a FIFO structure.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Heaps and Priority Queues
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Q1) Does the find and add operations on a binary search tree always require at most O(log<sub>2</sub> n) comparisons? If so, why? If not, why not?
Q2) What is special about the order in which the nodes are visited in an inorder traversal of a binary search tree.
Q3) The most efficient binary search trees are balanced. A)True
B)False
Q4) If a binary search tree becomes unbalanced after an element is added, it is sometimes possible to efficiently rebalance the tree by ___________________ .
A) using left and right rotations
B) selecting a leaf node to use as a new root
C) reconstructing the tree from scratch
D) all of the above
E) it is impossible to rebalance a tree efficiently
Q5) Explain the process of removing an element from a binary search tree.
Q6) Explain how to add an element to a binary search tree.
Q7) Describe how to find an element in a binary search tree. You may use English sentences or pseudocode.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Graphs
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Q1) In a(n) _____________________ graph, an edge from node labeled A to a node labeled B is the same as having an edge from B to A.
A) directed
B) undirected
C) sparse
D) tree-like
E) none of the above
Q2) Write out all of the edges in a complete graph on 4 vertices.
Q3) What is the maximum number of edges in a directed graph on n vertices? Explain how you arrived at your solution.
Q4) An adjacency matrix is one approach to implementing a graph that uses a two-dimensional array.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What data structure is used to support a depth-first traversal of a graph?
Q6) Can an edge be part of more than one cycle in a graph? Explain.
Q7) A complete graph on n vertices has n(n-1)/2 edges.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
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