Principles of Sociology Test Questions
Course Introduction
Principles of Sociology introduces students to the systematic study of human society, social institutions, and social relationships. The course explores key concepts such as culture, socialization, social structure, group dynamics, social stratification, and social change. Through the examination of sociological theories, methods, and contemporary issues, students gain insights into how individuals and groups interact within various social contexts. Emphasis is placed on understanding how social forces shape behavior, identity, and opportunities, as well as the role of sociology in addressing societal challenges.
Recommended Textbook
Sociology in Our Times The Essentials 8th Edition by Diana Kendall
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16 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective and Research Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) In relation to the study of homelessness in American society, __________ would focus on homeless people's communications (both verbal and non-verbal) and analyze what homeless people do when they are in shelters and on the streets
A)functionalists
B)conflict theorists
C)symbolic interactionists
D)postmodern theorists
Answer: C
Q2) John develops a scale to assess job satisfaction among industrial workers. He is especially concerned that the workers in his study will interpret the scale items on his questionnaire in an inconsistent fashion. John's concern reflects the issue of
A)the representativeness of his sample
B)the accuracy of his hypothesis
C)the validity of his operational definition
D)the reliability of his measure
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is the transmission of cultural items or social practices from one group or society to another through such means as exploration, military endeavors, the media, tourism, and immigration.
A)Discovery
B)Diffusion
C)Functional reorganization
D)Rediscovery
Answer: B
Q2) Summarize how societies continually experience cultural change at both material and nonmaterial levels.
Answer: Not Answer
Q3) __________ are values that conflict with one another or are mutually exclusive (achieving one makes it difficult, if not impossible, to achieve another).
A)Material contradictions
B)Morality contradictions
C)Value contradictions
D)Nonmaterial contradictions
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Socialization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bob's football coach is a very important influence in his life. Many of Bob's actions are attempts to win the approval of his coach. Sociologist George Herbert Mead would suggest that the coach is one of Bob's __________.
A)generalized others
B)secondary group members
C)significant others
D)reference group members
Answer: C
Q2) The case of Anna illustrates the effects of __________ and provides insights into the importance of a positive socialization process and the negative effects of social isolation.
A)sexual abuse
B)cognitive abuse
C)physical abuse
D)emotional abuse
Answer: D
Q3) Analyze Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic perspective.
Answer: Not Answer
Q4) Summarize Jean Piaget's views on cognitive development.
Answer: Not Answer
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Chapter 4: Social Structure and Interaction in Everyday Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sociologists Emile Durkheim and Ferdinand Tonnies developed __________ to explain the processes of stability and change in the social structure of societies. These classification schemes contain two or more mutually exclusive categories that are used to compare different kinds of behavior or types of societies.
A)mapologies
B)trilogies
C)typologies
D)graphologies
Q2) Social structure consists of all except A)institutions.
B)values.
C)groups and their relationships.
D)status and roles.
Q3) A __________ is a set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status.
A)position
B)character
C)value
D)role
Q4) Discuss the functional and conflict views on social institutions.
Q5) Discuss the significance of status as a component of social structure.
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Chapter 5: Groups and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The __________ is the "informal, customary values and rules that mediate the formal authority structure of the workplace and distance workers from its impact."
A)latent culture
B)other face
C)hidden face
D)work culture
Q2) Jane is a member of a group that is developing a questionnaire as a group project in her sociology class. Whenever they meet, Jane finds that the other group members are easily sidetracked and she is always trying to keep the group focused on developing the questionnaire together. Jane would be considered the __________ leader of the group.
A)relational
B)expressive
C)instrumental
D)transitional
Q3) Summarize Max Weber's perspective on rationality and outline his ideal characteristics of bureaucracy.
Q4) Distinguish between the two functions of leadership and the three major styles of group leadership.
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Chapter 6: Deviance and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) A public execution illustrates which function of deviance?
A)Deviance clarifies rules.
B)Deviance unites a group.
C)Deviance promotes social change.
D)Deviance prevents social chaos.
Q2) In relation to the symbolic interactionist perspectives on deviance, assess sociologist Walter Reckless' control theory and sociologist Travis Hirschi's social bonding theory.
Q3) Typically, sociologists and criminologists define a __________ as a group of people, usually young, who band together for purposes generally considered to be deviant or criminal by the larger society.
A)traveling band
B)gang
C)criminal coalition
D)juvenile conspiracy
Q4) In contemporary societies, the criminal justice system, which includes the police, the courts, and the prisons, is the primary mechanism of internal social control.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Class and Stratification in the United States
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is the hierarchical arrangement of large social groups based on the control over basic resources.
A)Social distinction
B)Individual distinctiveness
C)Social stratification
D)Social layering
Q2) According to sociologist Karl Marx, class position and the extent of our income and wealth are determined by our work situation, or our relationship to the means of production.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Sociologist Dennis Gilbert compares the distribution of income to a national pie that has been sliced into portions. In 2004, the wealthiest 20 percent of households received approximately __________ percent of the total income pie.
A)25
B)50
C)75
D)90
Q4) Outline the three major systems of stratification.
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Chapter 8: Global Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the new international division of labor theory, commodity production is being split into fragments that can be assigned to whichever part of the world can provide the most profitable combination of capital and labor.
A)True
B)False
Q2) After __________, the terms "First World," "Second World," and "Third World" were introduced by social analysts.
A)World War I
B)the Korean War
C)World War II
D)the Vietnam War
Q3) Buyer-driven commodity chains is the term used to describe industries in which transnational corporations play a central part in controlling the production process. Industries that produce automobiles, computers, and other capital- and technology-intensive products are examples.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In relation to theories of global inequality, discuss the dependency theory.
Q5) Describe how global wealth and poverty are measured.
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Chapter 9: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ assimilation occurs when members of one group marry those of other social or ethnic groups.
A)Cultural (acculturation)
B)Biological (amalgamation)
C)Structural (integration)
D)Psychological
Q2) Discuss the symbolic interactionist perspectives on race and ethnic relations.
Q3) An example of de jure segregation was the Jim Crow laws, which legalized the separation of the races in public accommodations (such as hotels, restaurants, transportation, hospitals, jails, schools, churches, and cemeteries) in the southern United States after the Civil War.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Today, sociologists emphasize that race is a socially constructed reality, not a biological one. According to this approach, the social significance that people accord to race is more significant than any biological differences that might exist among people who are placed in arbitrary categories.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is most visible in occupations that remain more than 90 percent female (for example, secretary and registered nurse) or more than 90 percent male (for example, carpenter and mechanic).
A)The sexist division
B)Gender-segregated work
C)Gender slanting
D)The gender ghetto
Q2) Describe the process of gender socialization and identify specific ways in which teachers and schools contribute to the process.
Q3) Sex refers to the culturally and socially constructed differences between females and males found in the meanings, beliefs, and practices associated with "femininity" and "masculinity."
A)True
B)False
Q4) The text points out that gender-appropriate behavior is __________.
A)acquired at birth
B)fixed and inalterable by age 5
C)learned through the socialization process
D)difficult for some people to learn
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Chapter 11: Families and Intimate Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) With the advent of industrialization and urbanization, maintaining the __________ family pattern becomes more difficult. Increasingly, young people move from rural to urban areas in search of employment in the industrializing sector of the economy. At that time, the __________ family typically becomes the predominant family pattern in the society.
A)blended; extended
B)extended; nuclear
C)nuclear; conventional
D)nuclear; extended
Q2) A major reason why there are so few children in Italy is that housing is so hard to come by.
A)True
B)False
Q3) __________ is very rare. When it does occur, it is typically found in societies where men greatly outnumber women because of high rates of female infanticide.
A)Polyandry
B)Homogamy
C)Endogamy
D)Polygyny
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Education and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the conflict perspective on education and explain how tracking produces social inequality.
Q2) Wesley Perkins has developed what kind of approach to preventing bullying?
A)social norms
B)communication skills
C)personality defective
D)conflict resolution
Q3) Attempts to remove textbooks from the schools have occurred at what level?
A)elementary
B)middle
C)high
D)attempts have occurred at all levels
Q4) There has been a decline in the number of parents who are teaching their own children through home schooling.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the sociological study of religion from a historical perspective.
Q6) Discuss the three sociological perspectives as they relate to religion.
Q7) Summarize trends in religion in the United States in relation to fundamentalism.
Q8) Analyze education from the symbolic interactionist perspective.
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Chapter 13: Politics and the Economy in Global Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define socialism and describe its major characteristics.
Q2) __________ are intangible activities for which people are willing to pay (such as dry cleaning, a movie, or medical care).
A)Services
B)Goods
C)Labor
D)Products
Q3) According to sociologist __________, the purpose of government is to socialize people to be good citizens, to regulate the economy so that it operates effectively, and to provide necessary services for citizens.
A)Karl Marx
B)Emile Durkheim
C)Robert Merton
D)Herbert Spencer
Q4) Postman and Powers make all of the following suggestions about TV news except:
A)They are a "show" not a public service.
B)We should learn about the interests of those who run a media conglomerate.
C)The commercials tell us much about our society.
D)They often present less information than shows like The Daily Show.
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Chapter 14: Health, Health Care, and Disability
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ are illnesses that strike suddenly and cause dramatic incapacitation and sometimes death.
A)Epidemics
B)Acute diseases
C)Disabilities
D)Chronic diseases
Q2) Several factors have been attributed to long-term chronic heavy drinking or alcoholism. Which of the following factors relating to long-term chronic heavy drinking or alcoholism
Was not identified?
A)nutritional deficiencies
B)cardiovascular problems
C)hearing impairment
D)alcoholic cirrhosis
Q3) Summarize paying for medical care in the United States.
Q4) Discuss health care in the United States.
Q5) Define health, illness, disease, health care, and medicine and explain the importance of these issues for individuals and the whole of society.
Q6) Describe health in global perspective.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Population and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to sociologist Gideon Sjoberg, three preconditions must be present in order for A city to develop. Which of the following is not a precondition cited in order for a city to Develop?
A)a favorable physical environment
B)an advanced technology
C)a wall built around the city for protection
D)a well-developed social organization
Q2) An important relationship exists between population size and the availability of food, water, energy, and housing. Population size, composition, and distribution are also connected to issues such as poverty, racial and ethnic diversity, and shifts in the age structure of society, and concerns about environmental degradation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Summarize urban problems in the United States.
Q4) One measure of population composition is the sex ratio. In the United States, the estimated sex ratio for 2006 was 97.1, which means there were about 97 females per 100 males.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Collective Behavior, Social Movements, and Social Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ theory emphasizes the importance of social norms in shaping crowd behavior.
A)Convergence
B)Contagion
C)Emergent norm
D)Circular reaction
Q2) Religious (expressive) movements seek limited change in some aspect of people's behavior. For example, early in the 20 century, the Women's Christian Temperance Union attempted to get people to abstain from drinking alcoholic beverages.
A)True
B)False
Q3) __________ focused on crowd psychology and developed the contagion theory.
A)Clark McPhail
B)Gustave Le Bon
C)Robert Park
D)Herbert Blumer
Q4) Discuss why the U.S. should be concerned with China's environmental problems.What is the primary source of energy in China?
Q5) Summarize the different types of crowd behavior.
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