Principles of Sociology Test Questions
Course Introduction
Principles of Sociology introduces students to the foundational concepts, theories, and methods used by sociologists to study human society and social behavior. The course explores topics such as culture, socialization, social structure, group dynamics, inequality, institutions, and social change. Through analysis of real-world examples and current social issues, students gain a deeper understanding of how individual actions are shaped by broader societal forces and how social dynamics influence patterns of interaction in everyday life. This course provides the analytical tools needed to critically examine the complexities of social life and fosters awareness of the diverse factors that contribute to the organization and development of societies.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Sociology 9th Edition by Anthony Giddens
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Chapter 1: What Is Sociology?
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Sample Questions
Q1) Theoretical debate in sociology is a sign of the discipline's weakness.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Behavior that is oriented toward self-interest is often called:
A) affective action
B) effective action
C) higher values
D) habit
E) instrumental or rational action
Answer: E
Q3) In Marxian analysis,which group makes up the largest component of society?
A) ruling class
B) capitalists
C) wage workers
D) aristocracy
E) the bourgeoisie
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Asking And Answering Sociological Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In her research on everyday life in a poor neighborhood in Philadelphia,Alice Goffman concluded that all of the following places were dangerous for the black men in her study who were on the run from the criminal justice system in the sense that police used these places to locate and arrest them EXCEPT:
A) church
B) court
C) hospital
D) mother's house
E) workplaces
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of scientific research?
A) systematic methods
B) stated level of uncertainty about conclusions
C) dissemination of procedures to allow replication
D) theoretical thinking
E) narrow range of appropriate topics
Answer: E
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Culture And Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of assimilation would be:
A) a young man who immigrated to the United States from Japan speaks English but also meets weekly with a group of Japanese Americans to watch Japanese films and eat traditional Japanese food
B) a town with a large population of immigrants from Vietnam opens a Vietnamese-American cultural center
C) a group of students at a local college start a club for immigrants from South Korea
D) a family from Mexico moves to the United States and adopts mainstream U.S. cultural practices and at the same time loses many of their Mexican cultural practices
E) after immigrating to the United States, a young woman from China adopts some American cultural practices but at the same time closely identifies with her country of origin
Answer: D
Q2) In most societies around the world,urban areas are the poorest.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Socialization And The Life Cycle
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Sample Questions
Q1) Young adulthood seems increasingly to be a stage in personal and sexual development in modern societies,particularly among affluent groups.Which is NOT evidence offered in the text in support of this idea?
A) Young adults are taking time to travel.
B) Young adults are exploring sexuality.
C) Young adults are exploring political ideologies.
D) Young adults are exploring religions.
E) Young adults are more socially conservative than prior generations.
Q2) The concept of childhood as a particular stage in the life cycle has its origins in:
A) ancient biblical readings
B) hunting and gathering societies
C) medieval families, particularly among the wealthy
D) relatively recent modern times
E) traditional patriarchal societies
Q3) The most concentrated period of socialization is referred to as formal operational socialization.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Is the Internet an agency of socialization? If so,in what ways? If not,why not?
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Chapter 5: Social Interaction And Everyday Life In The Age
Of The Internet
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Q1) Two people walking on a city sidewalk quickly glance at each other and then look away as they pass.Erving Goffman called this type of interaction uncivil behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In a globalized world where people of many cultures come together for social and business purposes,research by Edward T.Hall has particular significance in our increasingly globalized world because he found that there are culturally universal intimacy boundaries.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When your professor is delivering a lecture,she usually displays professional behavior: that is,she doesn't scream,yell,or use excessive profanity.Erving Goffman refers to these behaviors as characteristic of:
A) breaching
B) master statuses
C) interactional vandalism
D) front regions
E) back regions
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Chapter 6: Groups, networks, and Organizations
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Q1) Recent sociological studies on the relationship between social networks and health outcomes such as obesity demonstrate that:
A) people develop their ideas about what is acceptable behavior by looking at those in their social groups
B) health outcomes such as obesity are purely biological
C) health outcomes such as obesity are purely social
D) people develop their ideas about what is acceptable behavior from television
E) health care professionals are ignoring the obesity epidemic in the United States
Q2) The word bureaucracy,as coined by Monsieur de Gournay,literally means:
A) terrible organization
B) the rule of officials
C) large table
D) people are furniture
E) rule by pipsqueaks
Q3) formal relations in an organization are those that are determined by an official system of authority.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Conformity, deviance, and Crime
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Q1) How might reintegrative shaming work to rehabilitate an offender in the United States?
A) It locks the offender in a permanent state of shame.
B) It lets the defender deny any wrongdoing.
C) It processes the shame in the offender in such a way that social bonds between the offender and the community can be rebuilt.
D) It stigmatizes the offenders such that they will be much more fearful of committing another crime.
E) Shaming would not work in an individualistic society like the United States.
Q2) Official crime statistics published by the government are based on information obtained from:
A) arrest records
B) eyewitness accounts
C) newspaper articles
D) police reports
E) surveys of victims
Q3) In 2011,nearly 75% of those arrested in the United States were men.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Stratification, class, and Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Karl Marx's theory,a class is made up of people who have the same relationship to the:
A) forces of nature
B) means of production
C) means of consumption
D) next generation
E) state
Q2) Americans' perceptions of the super-rich have become more positive over the past few years.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to the Kuznets curve,inequality in capitalist societies:
A) decreases at first, stabilizes, and then decreases again
B) increases at first, declines, and then stabilizes at a relatively low level
C) decreases at first, increases rapidly, and then stabilizes at a relatively high level
D) increases at first, stabilizes at a high level, and then declines gradually
E) starts out stable for a long time and then gradually increases to a high level
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Chapter 9: Global Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Economic development is most likely to proceed when governments just "get out of the way" according to market-oriented theories.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is a high-income country?
A) the United States
B) Japan
C) Singapore
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q3) Natural resources flow from the ______________ to the ______________ according to world-systems theory.
A) core; periphery
B) periphery; core
C) semiperiphery; periphery
D) upper class; lower class
E) north; south
Q4) Why are populations growing more than twice as fast in low-income countries than in high-income countries?
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Chapter 10: Gender Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Multiple genders are practiced among all Native American cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Women are more likely to hold seats in national legislatures when:
A) women's rights are a strong cultural value
B) women comprise a minority of the workforce
C) men's movements are politically active
D) women have children on average after age 25
E) women forgo postsecondary schooling to pursue a political career
Q3) An economic theory suggesting that people who invest more in their schooling,on-the-job training,and work experience are paid more is known as the:
A) stereotyping
B) structural functionalism
C) comparable worth
D) gender typing
E) human capital
Q4) Since 1970,the participation of women in traditionally male jobs has increased.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Ethnicity And Race
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following,the most characteristic of the colonial model of migration is the:
A) American Indian Trail of Tears march in 1838
B) special immigration status france grants to Algerians
C) illegal movement of large numbers of Mexicans across the Texas border
D) movement of large numbers of Turkish people into Germany
E) African migration to the United States
Q2) Genetic diversity within populations is as great as the diversity among populations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The four models offered to explain global migration movements since 1945 are the classic,the colonial,the ethnic,and the neoglobal.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain how scientific racism played a significant role in solidifying racial categories and the process of racialization.
Q5) What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination? How are both related to racism and institutional racism?
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Chapter 12: Aging
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Q1) Why are most populations around the world increasingly composed of people who elderly? Explain how this growth in this population will affect poor and wealthy countries differently.
Q2) As we age,our role expectations become entirely negative.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Those referred to as the "old old" are in the age group 65 to 75.
A)True
B)False
Q4) for most of human history,the average life expectancy at birth was:
A) more than today
B) less than 20 years
C) between 20 and 30 years
D) between 30 and 40 years
E) more than 40 years but less than it is today
Q5) The normal process of aging cannot be avoided,but good health,proper diet,nutrition,and exercise can make a significant difference in health for people of all ages.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Government, political Power, and Social Movements
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Q1) An example of structural conduciveness in Neil Smelser's terms is:
A) to have little or no state regulation of religion
B) for blacks to begin to move into a previously all-white area
C) Jim Crow law
D) a violent protest
E) the emergence of social movement leaders
Q2) Of the following,the country that has the lowest percentage of women in the lower legislative house is:
A) Sweden
B) South Africa
C) Cuba
D) the Netherlands
E) the United States
Q3) What is the difference between power and authority? Provide a detailed example of each from your own experience.
Q4) Most colonized areas contained a mosaic of ethnic and other groups.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
Q5) What is the connection between globalization,nationalism,and social movements today?
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Chapter 14: Work And Economic Life
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Q1) With respect to the future of work,the following statement that is true is that:
A) people will likely tire of technological advancements and the frustrations they cause for workers
B) the fall of capitalism is imminent
C) people will worry less about their careers, which are becoming increasingly stable, and more about family life, which is increasingly unstable
D) unemployment is likely to decline until it is a thing of the past E) people will move in and out of paid work at different points
Q2) Harnessing science to machinery to achieve greater productive efficiency is known as:
A) family
B) economy
C) political system
D) religion
E) technology
Q3) Post-fordism is the idea that foreign cars are now more popular than U.S.-built cars.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Families and Intimate Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The situation in which a woman may be married to more than one man at a time is called:
A) monogamy
B) polygamy
C) polygyny
D) polyandry
E) mononucleosis
Q2) David Popenoe argues that what mothers teach their children is:
A) the feeling of being connected to others
B) self-discipline
C) homework skill
D) independence
E) regulation of emotions
Q3) A family in which at least one of the adults is a stepparent is a(n):
A) nuclear family
B) extended family
C) postmodern family
D) single-parent family
E) stepfamily
Q4) Explain the relationship between cohabitation and divorce.
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Chapter 16: Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) In The Bell Curve,Richard J.Herrnstein and Charles Murray argue that the significant differences in IQ between various races and ethnic groups are explained by:
A) unequal opportunities
B) oppressive social conditions
C) genetic inheritance
D) poor-quality schools
E) lack of quality after-school programs
Q2) Jonathan Kozol's best-selling book,Savage Inequalities,exposes the effects of the barbaric behavior of today's students.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Within developed countries:
A) access to computers is widespread
B) computer use and skills are nearly universal
C) most sociologists think that information technology is responsible for increasing social equality
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q4) What is information poverty? Provide concrete examples to support your answer.
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Chapter 17: Religion In Modern Society
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Q1) The characteristic that is NOT often associated with being a member of a new religious movement is:
A) being a convert
B) being in the middle class
C) being well educated
D) having limited education
E) feeling alienation
Q2) Describe the debate over the teachings of Muhammad and the suppression of women's rights in Muslim societies.Compare these teachings with Christian teachings and the subordination of women in Western societies.
Q3) An example of a world-affirming movement would be the:
A) Protestant church
B) Unification church
C) Baptist church
D) Branch Davidian cult
E) Church of Scientology
Q4) The most loosely knit and transient religious organization is the church.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Apply the religious economy approach to the televangelist phenomenon.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: The Sociology Of The Body: Health,illness,and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Norma was recently diagnosed with skin cancer.She has been seeing her doctor at regularly scheduled visits but is still in a great deal of pain.At a friend's suggestion,she visited an acupuncturist who specializes in pain management.By using Western medicines as well as unorthodox medical practices,Norma is practicing:
A) illness as a lived experience
B) modern medicine
C) social technology
D) the socialization of nature
E) complementary medicine
Q2) According to symbolic interactionists,chronically ill people _______________,building or reconstructing their personal narratives to incorporate their illness as part of their lives.
A) adopt the sick role
B) do illness work
C) do biographical work
D) perform health maintenance
E) adopt the stigma role
Q3) What did the National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS)reveal about Americans' sexual behavior?
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Urbanization, population, and The Environment
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Q1) Demographers refer to changes in the ratio of births to deaths in industrialized countries as:
A) life expectancy
B) the demographic transition
C) fertility
D) life span
E) mortality
Q2) With global hunger and undernourishment already affecting _______________ people today,the problem is likely to _______________.
A) 20 million; diminish
B) 100 million; finally disappear by 2050
C) 260 million; diminish significantly in the next 20 years
D) 500 million; continue and affect many more people
E) 925 million; continue and affect many more people
Q3) Population growth rates are:
A) linear
B) exponential
C) usually negative
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
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Chapter 20: Globalization In A Changing World
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Q1) The most significant political factor in speeding up patterns of change in the modern world was:
A) the invention of the ballot box
B) the emergence of the modern state
C) the commitment to less government involvement in social life and the economy
D) fascism
E) democracy
Q2) Globalization in the twenty-first century is:
A) simply a continuation of a process that began centuries ago
B) different from earlier global movements because nation-states are now more independent than ever before C) primarily a cultural phenomenon
D) the first time in the world's history that countries have been interconnected E) a condition of "one-world" interdependence
Q3) What comes after modern industrial society? The text discusses two different perspectives: postindustrial society and postmodern society.Compare and contrast these two perspectives.Which do you find most compelling and why?
Q4) What specific factors have influenced social change in the modern period? How have these changes affected the way we live today?
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