Principles of Sociology Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Principles of Sociology is an introductory course that explores the fundamental concepts, theories, and methods used to understand human society and social behavior. Students will examine topics such as culture, socialization, social structure, groups and organizations, social inequality, and social change. The course emphasizes critical thinking about how societies are organized, the ways individuals interact within various social contexts, and the impact of social institutions such as family, education, religion, and the economy. By analyzing patterns of social relationships and contemporary issues, students gain a foundational understanding of how society shapes individual experiences and collective outcomes.
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Experience Sociology 3rd Edition by David Croteau
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Chapter 1: Sociology in a Changing World
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Q1) Which theoretical perspective would argue that culture is created through the ways that individual members interpret the meanings of material objects and their exchanges with others?
A) structural-functionalist theory
B) symbolic interactionist theory
C) conflict theory
D) feminist theory
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between individuals and social structure?
A) Social structures create and limit an individual's actions.
B) Individuals recreate social structure through their everyday interactions.
C) Individuals and social structures work together to shape an individual's life experience.
D) There is no relationship between individuals and social structures.
Answer: C
Q3) Modernity is marked by increased fragmentation of the dominant culture.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Understanding the Research Process
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Q1) Garner is conducting a study on how students who live on campus eat. He asked participants to record where they ate each of their meals. He found that during the week he collected data, there was a large increase in the number of students eating in the dining hall when compared to the weeks before and after he conducted his study. With what phenomena should Garner be concerned in his findings?
A) Hawthorne effect
B) Hamburg effect
C) Higgins process
D) Hutchens process
Answer: A
Q2) Studies that provide anonymity
A) do not allow the participant to know the true purpose of the research study.
B) change the names of participants so that their identity will not be known.
C) group participant data based on characteristics like race or gender.
D) guarantee that the information provided cannot be traced back to the participant.
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Culture
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Q1) Which recent style has introduced music, language, and dance to raise awareness of racial discrimination?
A) zumba
B) reggae
C) techno
D) hip-hop
Answer: D
Q2) Interpretation of the U.S. Constitution would be considered an element of material culture.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Which country, in 2010, ordered Internet providers to block Facebook because one of its pages promoted "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day," an action that violates Islamic beliefs?
A) Pakistan
B) Iran
C) Iraq
D) Afghanistan
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Social Structure
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Q1) Like individuals, organizations can have their own daily routines and rhythms.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In order to survive, an institution has to serve a function that meets the needs of the broader society.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Social integration is when group members argue over the values and goals of the group.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In a conversational analysis, what would a sociologist NOT be interested in studying?
A) how two people go back and forth in their conversation
B) the level of intimacy used between the two participants
C) how people switch interactive styles depending on whom they are speaking to
D) who is ultimately right in the opinions argued over
Q5) Conversation analysis examines social interaction at the macro level.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Power
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Q1) In the Indian caste system, which is necessary to change one's caste affiliation?
A) education
B) hard work and financial success
C) a bribe
D) Virtually no mobility is possible.
Q2) Which strategy contributes to empowerment?
A) convincing and persuasion
B) rewarding compliance
C) financial incentive
D) education and training
Q3) Which of the following does NOT describe the typical charismatic leader?
A) He or she inspires devotion in followers.
B) The leader determines to whom he or she will transfer power.
C) His or her power is short-lived.
D) The leader's power is derived from his or her personal characteristics.
Q4) In a democracy, political participation is equal for all groups.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Socialization
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Q1) How did the Western view of children change in the nineteenth century compared to earlier times in history?
A) Children were able to work in the new factories and earn income for their family.
B) The lines between childhood and adulthood were blurred.
C) Children became an economic liability rather than an economic asset.
D) Children were viewed as in need of discipline and received severe beatings for transgressions.
Q2) Socialization ends with adolescence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is true regarding the 1964 Mississippi Freedom Summer volunteers?
A) They were socially isolated.
B) Many later regretted the experience.
C) They remained politically active.
D) Many dropped out after the first week.
Q4) The influence of peer groups can only be seen in children and adolescents.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Interaction, Groups, and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) A sociologist is studying how police officers perform their roles, specifically examining how officers perform their roles and present themselves to the public. What approach is the sociologist using to study the officers?
A) scientific management
B) reference groups
C) acting
D) dramaturgy
Q2) Which type of social grouping is made up of people who have regular contact, significant emotional attachment to one another, and enduring relationships?
A) tertiary
B) primary
C) secondary
D) None of these answers is correct.
Q3) Symbolic interactionists would be most interested in studying which aspect of education?
A) the functions of schools within a society
B) how classmates interact with one another
C) the economic benefits to attending college
D) the history of the American educational system
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Strain theory suggests that deviance has its roots in A) inequality.
B) social pressure.
C) improper socialization.
D) nonconformist conditioning.
Q2) An on-looker who rushes into a burning building despite the danger is demonstrating what type of behavior?
A) positive deviance
B) deviance
C) overconformity
D) conformist behavior
Q3) Individual immorality often explains deviant behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which statement best describes the effectiveness of capital punishment?
A) It is a crime deterrent.
B) It lowers the murder rate.
C) It is an ineffective deterrent.
D) It saves taxpayers money.
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Chapter 9: Class and Global Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes a characteristic of the middle class?
A) through employment adds specialized training and knowledge to the economy
B) earns enough income to be able to control major capital
C) relies upon skilled and unskilled labor
D) employment that is based on the needs of a manufacturing economy
Q2) People living in developed nations have a higher material standard of living than in underdeveloped nations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are the two major social sources of global inequality?
A) power and individualism
B) power and resources
C) culture and resources
D) culture and power
Q4) Karl Marx and Max Weber viewed struggles for power as the cause of class inequality.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Q1) Maria and her family are from the Dominican Republic. They immigrated to Miami, Florida, about ten years ago. They live in a community with many other Hispanic people. They enjoy living in the United States, but they do miss their homeland. Maria's family has tried to retain their cultural heritage and to maintain contact with other people who also come from the Dominican Republic. They feel that they can more closely associate with those people than with the Mexican Americans they have met. What might be the reason for this?
A) They don't like Mexican Americans because many Americans view them as illegal immigrants.
B) They share an ethnicity with other people from the Dominican Republic.
C) They don't share a common racial identity with Mexican Americans.
D) They don't view Mexican Americans as Hispanic.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true regarding race?
A) More physical variation occurs between whites and other racial categories than among whites.
B) Most biological differences among people are visible.
C) There are clear lines dividing one racial group from another.
D) People arbitrarily select physical characteristics to define racial categories.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Gender and Sexuality
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Q1) Bryan took his two-year-old daughter to daycare. Once inside, one of the workers introduced her to the other children and told her to not go and pick out a boyfriend because she was too young. This interaction provides an example of A) sexual identity.
B) gender identity.
C) homophobia. D) heterosexism.
Q2) Which of the following does NOT contribute to a baby's gender socialization?
A) the way his or her bedroom is decorated
B) how adults treat him or her
C) the clothing that he or she wears D) the baby's gender identity
Q3) The norm that restricts sexual relations between certain relatives is called A) sexual deviance. B) the paternity rule.
C) the incest taboo. D) the sexual taboo.
Q4) An individual's sexuality is shaped by a natural desire to reproduce. A)True B)False
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Chapter 12: Family and Religion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following countries has legalized same-sex marriage?
A) United States
B) Peru
C) Russia
D) Japan
Q2) Which of the following is an example of secularization at the macro-level of society?
A) People stop attending services on a weekly basis.
B) Religious groups become more like social movements.
C) Religious doctrine ceases to become the basis of legal rulings.
D) There is a drop in those claiming a religious affiliation.
Q3) Nearly 50 percent of all first marriages end in divorce.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Violence is an inherent part of all fundamentalism.
A)True
B)False
Q5) According to Karl Marx, religion is "the opium of the people."
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Education and Work
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Q1) What have sociologists concluded about the relationship between occupational prestige and job satisfaction?
A) A high-status job does not guarantee job satisfaction.
B) Those in high-status jobs are the most satisfied.
C) Workers in low-status jobs are the most satisfied.
D) Those in professional jobs are the least satisfied.
Q2) Which of the following illustrates the concept of emotional labor?
A) a salesman smiling after earning a huge commission
B) a teacher who loves his job and is happy while at work
C) a server at a restaurant becoming irate at a customer for spilling a drink
D) a receptionist forcing a smile with a client who is being rude
Q3) What are the goals of school choice programs?
A) to give families options for deciding where to send their children to school
B) to give communities more control over where local children go to school
C) to take away all educational oversight from governments
D) to give teachers more influence in school policy
Q4) There is little difference across workplace cultures in the United States.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Media and Consumption
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Q1) A ________ is when a company sells two completely different products to two different sets of buyers.
A) sales market
B) single product market
C) global market
D) dual product market
Q2) Unlike the presentations of race/ethnicity and gender, class presentations in the mass media are highly accurate.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When media companies become vertically or horizontally integrated, their ability to do business is diminished.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The media are promoters of ideology.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Communities, the Environment, and Health
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Q1) The individualized approach to environmental threats has ________ environmental problems.
A) alleviated most
B) solved some
C) contributed to more
D) had no impact on
Q2) Who is affected by environmental degradation?
A) the poor much more than the rich
B) everyone about equally
C) men more than women
D) the young more than the old
Q3) Health disparities among the population are primarily linked to A) ethnicity.
B) genetics.
C) socioeconomic status.
D) bad choices.
Q4) Gesellschaft as form of social organization is characteristic of little emphasis on anonymity and privacy.
A)True
B)False
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Politics and the Economy
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Q1) Which theory argues that political power is fragmented among different competing groups?
A) power fragmentation theory
B) power elite theory
C) pluralist theory
D) class domination theory
Q2) ________ typically results from an unregulated economic environment.
A) A reduction of social problems
B) A robust and stable economy
C) Crime and violence
D) Abuse of concentrated economic power
Q3) In the all-volunteer military,
A) all classes are proportionately represented.
B) the working class and the poor are overrepresented.
C) the middle and the working classes are most represented.
D) the middle class is overrepresented.
Q4) Profit is the way we measure success or failure in a capitalist system.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Social Change: Globalization, Population, and Social Movements
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Q1) Western societies account for the vast majority of the world's cultural exports.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the past, social movements relied on
A) public speeches.
B) written communication.
C) face-to-face communication.
D) All these answers are correct.
Q3) William Ogburn proposed that ideas and beliefs change less rapidly than technology. This phenomenon is called
A) cultural drag.
B) technological supremacy.
C) a technological head start.
D) cultural lag.
Q4) The most likely candidate for recruitment into a social movement would be a(n)
A) unemployed person.
B) disenchanted employee.
C) college student.
D) retiree.
Page 19
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